Slope simulation experiment platform and method

Abstract

The invention provides a slope simulation experiment platform, which comprises a frame unit, a tray assembly, a lifting device and a buffer unit, and is characterized in that the tray assembly is slidably mounted on the frame unit, and the tray assembly is used for mounting a slope model; the lifting device is arranged at the top end of the frame unit and used for driving the tray assembly to move along the frame unit so that the tray assembly provided with the slope model can move to the initial experiment position. The buffer unit is arranged at the bottom end of the frame unit, faces one side of the lifting device and is used for bearing the tray assembly so that the tray assembly provided with the slope model can descend in a decelerated mode. The slope simulation experiment method comprises the steps of making a slope model, applying simulation conditions and simulating a falling experiment. The slope model safety coefficient can be directly obtained, the structure is simple and reliable, and the experiment cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering slope experimental technology, and specifically relates to a slope simulation experimental platform and method. Background Art

[0002] The slope safety factor is an important parameter for measuring the stability of slope engineering. The physical simulation experimental method has a mature similarity theoretical basis, which can intuitively, quickly and effectively understand the deformation and failure process of the slope under the action of gravity, explore the slope failure mechanism, simulate the whole process of the real slope from elasticity, elastoplasticity to instability and failure, understand the control effect of different rock mass structures on slope deformation and failure, and provide a basis for slope design and protection.

[0003] However, the relevant physical simulation experimental methods cannot directly obtain the slope safety factor. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a slope simulation experimental platform and method, which can realize the determination of the safety factor of the slope model under different conditions by adjusting the buffer acceleration.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present application provides a slope simulation experimental platform, including a frame unit, a tray assembly, a lifting device and a buffer unit, wherein the tray assembly is slidably installed on the frame unit, and the tray assembly is used to install the slope model; the lifting device is arranged at the top of the frame unit, and the lifting device is used to drive the tray assembly to move along the frame unit, so that the tray assembly installed with the slope model moves to the initial position of the experiment; the buffer unit is arranged at the bottom of the frame unit and faces the side of the lifting device, and the buffer unit is used to receive the tray assembly, so that the tray assembly installed with the slope model slows down and descends.

[0006] Optionally, the pallet assembly includes a pallet body and a truss, sleeves are respectively provided at the corner positions of the pallet body, the sleeves are slidably installed on the frame unit, and the trusses and frame are respectively provided on the side of the pallet body facing the lifting device, and the frame is used to install the slope model on the pallet body.

[0007] Optionally, the truss includes a top frame and a hook, the top frame is used to be connected to the lifting device, and the hook is hinged on the top frame.

[0008] Optionally, a ring body is provided on the side of the pallet body facing the lifting device, and the hook on the truss is hooked on the ring body.

[0009] Optionally, the buffer unit includes a receiving seat and a telescopic device, a fixed end of the telescopic device is arranged on the frame unit, and a telescopic end of the telescopic device is connected to the receiving seat.

[0010] Optionally, the frame unit includes a guide column, an upper platform and a lower platform, one end of the guide column is connected to the upper platform, and the other end of the guide column is connected to the lower platform, the upper platform is used to install the lifting device, and the lower platform is used to install the buffer unit, and the sleeve is mounted on the guide column.

[0011] Optionally, a ball is installed in the sleeve, and the sleeve is sleeved on the guide column through the ball.

[0012] Optionally, the lifting device includes a hoist and a hook, the hoist is arranged on the upper platform, the hoist includes a steel wire rope, the end of the steel wire rope is connected to the hook, and the hook is used to hook the truss.

[0013] The second aspect of the present application provides a slope simulation experiment method, which uses any of the above-mentioned slope simulation experiment platforms to conduct experiments, and the slope simulation experiment method includes:

[0014] Making the slope model according to the in-situ slope data and similarity principle;

[0015] Applying simulation conditions to the slope model to simulate the process of increasing deformation and decreasing strength of the slope model;

[0016] Installing the slope model after applying the simulation conditions on the slope simulation experimental platform, and lifting it to the initial position of the experiment through the lifting device;

[0017] The lifting device is released, and the slope model falls freely along the frame unit. When the slope model contacts the buffer unit, it starts to decelerate and descend to simulate overweight, until the slope model decelerates to zero and reaches the end position of the experiment;

[0018] Returning to the step of releasing the lifting device, the buffer acceleration of the slope model is gradually increased in a gradient manner until the slope model is unstable and damaged, and the safety factor of the slope model is recorded.

[0019] Optionally, simulation conditions applied to the slope model include natural conditions or engineering conditions.

[0020] Beneficial Effects

[0021] The slope simulation experimental platform provided in the embodiment of the present invention installs the slope model on the tray assembly, and the lifting device lifts the tray assembly with the slope model installed to the initial position of the experiment; the lifting device hook is opened, and the tray assembly with the slope model installed falls freely along the guide column, and then contacts the buffer unit to achieve deceleration and descent, until the speed is reduced to zero and the experiment ends. Compared with the relevant physical simulation experimental method, the experimental platform of the present invention can complete the simulation of overweight conditions without using a centrifuge, and by adjusting the buffer acceleration, the safety factor of the slope model under different conditions can be determined.

[0022] The slope simulation experiment platform provided in the embodiments of the present invention has a simpler and more reliable structure, low experimental cost, more convenient operation, and improved experimental reliability, and can meet the needs of slope stability analysis.

[0023] The slope simulation test method provided in the embodiment of the present invention can dynamically test the deformation and failure evolution process of the slope model under the influence of different factors and obtain the safety factor by simulating natural conditions or engineering conditions on the slope model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a slope simulation experiment platform according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 A top view of a tray assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A top view of a buffer unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a hook according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the falling process of the tray assembly of the embodiment of the present application; wherein, Figure 5 a is the initial position of the experiment; Figure 5 b is the initial position of the experimental overweight simulation; Figure 5 c is the end position of the experiment;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the speed change during the falling process of an overweight of 1.5g according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the acceleration change during a 1.5g overweight fall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a trend diagram of the slope safety factor change after different freeze-thaw cycle numbers in the embodiment of the present application.

[0032] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0033] 1-frame unit; 101-guide column; 102-upper platform; 103-lower platform;

[0034] 2-lifting device; 201-lifting machine; 202-hook;

[0035] 3-tray assembly; 301-tray body; 3011-ring body; 302-truss; 3021-top frame; 3022-hook; 303-sleeve; 304-frame;

[0036] 4-buffer unit; 401-receiving seat; 402-telescopic device;

[0037] 5-Slope model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0042] See also Figures 1 to 8As shown, according to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a slope simulation experiment platform includes a frame unit 1, a tray assembly 3, a lifting device 2 and a buffer unit 4;

[0043] The tray assembly 3 is slidably installed on the frame unit 1, and the tray assembly 3 is used to install the slope model 5; the lifting device 2 is arranged at the top of the frame unit 1, and the lifting device 2 is used to drive the tray assembly 3 to move along the frame unit 1, so that the tray assembly 3 installed with the slope model 5 moves to the initial position of the experiment; the buffer unit 4 is arranged at the bottom of the frame unit 1 and faces the side of the lifting device 2, and the buffer unit 4 is used to receive the tray assembly 3, so that the tray assembly 3 installed with the slope model 5 slows down and descends.

[0044] The slope model 5 is installed on the tray assembly 3, and the lifting device 2 is started to lift the tray assembly 3 with the slope model 5 installed to the initial position of the experiment; then the hook 202 of the lifting device 2 is opened, and the tray assembly 3 with the slope model 5 installed falls freely along the frame unit 1, and then contacts the buffer unit 4, and decelerates and descends under the contraction action of the buffer unit 4 until the speed is reduced to zero and the experiment ends. Compared with the relevant physical simulation experimental methods, the experimental platform of the present application can complete the simulation of overweight conditions without the use of a centrifuge, and adjusts the buffer acceleration by adjusting the contraction speed of the buffer unit 4 to achieve the safety factor determination of the slope model under different states.

[0045] The present application can firstly dynamically test the deformation and failure evolution process of the slope model 5 under the influence of different conditions and factors, and obtain the safety factor; secondly, the experimental cost is lower, the experimental operation is simpler, and the experimental reliability is improved, which can meet the needs of slope stability analysis.

[0046] The slope simulation experiment platform provided in the embodiments of the present invention has a simpler and more reliable structure, low experimental cost, more convenient operation, and improved experimental reliability, and can meet the needs of slope stability analysis.

[0047] In another embodiment, the pallet assembly 3 includes a pallet body 301 and a truss 302, sleeves 303 are respectively provided at the corner positions of the pallet body 301, the sleeves 303 are slidably installed on the frame unit 1, and the pallet body 301 is respectively provided with a truss 302 and a frame 304 on the side facing the lifting device 2, and the frame 304 is used to install the slope model 5 on the pallet body 301.

[0048] On the one hand, the pallet assembly 3 is used to install the slope model 5 so that the slope model 5 remains fixed in position during the experiment; on the other hand, it is used to connect with the truss 302 to establish a connection relationship between the pallet assembly 3 and the lifting device 2, so that the pallet assembly 3 with the slope model 5 installed can achieve free fall along the frame unit 1.

[0049] The tray body 301 is a square structure, and sleeves 303 are integrally formed at the four corners of the tray body 301 , and the sleeves 303 are arranged to protrude outwards, so as to facilitate the connection with the frame unit 1 and avoid interference between other parts and the frame unit 1 .

[0050] The tray body 301 includes an upper end and a lower end, the upper end is close to the lifting device 2, and the lower end is close to the buffer unit 4. A frame 304 is provided at the upper end, and the upper end surface of the frame 304 is higher than the upper end surface of the sleeve 303, and the slope model 5 is placed in the frame 304; an impact boss is provided at the lower end, and the lower end surface of the impact boss is higher than the lower end surface of the sleeve 303. During the free fall of the slope model 5, the impact boss is used to cooperate with the buffer unit 4 so that the tray assembly 3 slows down and descends after contacting the buffer unit 4 to simulate overweight.

[0051] Specifically, a rubber pad is arranged on the lower end surface of the impact boss to avoid strong impact noise between the impact boss and the buffer unit 4.

[0052] In another embodiment, the truss 302 includes a top frame 3021 and a hook 3022. The top frame 3021 is used to connect with the lifting device 2, and the hook 3022 is hinged on the top frame 3021. The hook 3022 is provided to connect the truss 302 to the pallet body 301, so that the pallet body 301 with the slope model 5 installed thereon can be lifted to the initial position of the experiment by the lifting device 2.

[0053] The hook 3022 includes a long connecting rod and a hook body, one end of the long connecting rod is hinged to the top frame 3021, and the other end is integrally formed with the hook body. The hook 3022 is used to support the top frame 3021 on the one hand, and prevent the slope model 5 from detaching from the frame 304 during the experiment on the other hand.

[0054] Among them, a lifting ring is set at the top center position of the top frame 3021, and the lifting ring is used in conjunction with the hook 202 of the lifting device 2.

[0055] In another embodiment, a ring body 3011 is provided on the side of the tray body 301 facing the lifting device 2, and the hook 3022 on the truss 302 is hooked on the ring body 3011. The detachable connection between the hook 3022 and the ring body 3011 has the advantages of simple structure and convenient connection operation.

[0056] In another embodiment, the buffer unit 4 includes a receiving seat 401 and a telescopic device 402, the fixed end of the telescopic device 402 is arranged on the frame unit 1, and the telescopic end of the telescopic device 402 is connected to the receiving seat 401. Through the contraction action of the buffer unit 4, the slope model 5 falling on the receiving seat 401 is decelerated, simulating overweight, and obtaining the safety factor of the slope model 5 when it is unstable and damaged.

[0057] Among them, the telescopic device 402 is a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame unit 1, and a receiving seat 401 is provided at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The tray assembly 3, the telescopic device 401, the lifting device 2 and the frame unit 1 are coaxially arranged. During the experiment, the experimental error caused by the experimental platform itself is reduced, and the accuracy of the experimental results is improved.

[0058] In another embodiment, the frame unit 1 includes a guide column 101, an upper platform 102 and a lower platform 103, one end of the guide column 101 is connected to the upper platform 102, and the other end of the guide column 101 is connected to the lower platform 103, the upper platform 102 is used to install the lifting device 2, the lower platform 103 is used to install the buffer unit 4, and the guide column 101 is sleeved with a sleeve 303. The frame unit 1 is used to carry and install the lifting device 2, the tray assembly 3 and the buffer unit 4, and at the same time, the tray assembly 3 is set to achieve free fall on a specified trajectory through the setting of the guide column 101.

[0059] The number of the guide pillars 101 is consistent with the number of the sleeves 303 .

[0060] A through hole is provided on the upper platform 102 for allowing the steel wire rope of the lifting device 2 to pass through the upper platform 102 .

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper platform 102 and the lower platform 103 are square, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing the upper platform 102 and the lower platform 103.

[0062] In another embodiment, a ball bearing is installed in the sleeve 303, and the sleeve 303 is mounted on the guide post 101 through the ball bearing. The installation of the ball bearing converts the sliding friction between the sleeve 303 and the guide post 101 into rolling friction, thereby preventing the sleeve 303 and the guide post 101 from being worn during the experiment.

[0063] In another embodiment, the lifting device 2 includes a hoist 201 and a hook 202. The hoist 201 is disposed on the upper platform 102. The hoist 201 includes a steel wire rope, which passes through a through hole on the upper platform 102 and is connected to a hook 202 at the end thereof. The hook 202 is used to hook the truss 302. The lifting device 2 is used to retract the steel wire rope and pull the tray assembly 3 along the guide column 101 to the initial position of the experiment.

[0064] In a second aspect of the present application, a slope simulation experiment method is provided, wherein an experiment is conducted using any of the above-mentioned slope simulation experiment platforms, and the slope simulation experiment method comprises:

[0065] Step 1: Create a slope model 5 based on the in-situ slope data and similarity principles.

[0066] Specifically: based on the actual geological survey data of an open-pit mine slope, a slope model 5 was made, and the scaled size was 700mm×700mm×500mm (length, width and height). The open-pit mine slope model 5 included 5 steps, and a single step was 50mm wide and 50mm high.

[0067] According to the actual geological survey data of the open-pit mine slope, two groups of mica sheets were filled at a depth of 50mm from the surface of the slope model to simulate two groups of cross joints. The inclination angle of the joints was consistent with that of the open-pit mine slope, and the length of the joints was reduced proportionally.

[0068] According to the similarity principle, the rock mass strength of the slope model 5 is reduced in proportion. In this embodiment, the slope model 5 uses gypsum, white powder, water and river sand as the basic medium materials for model paving, and the comprehensive material density is 1.5-1.7g / cm 3 The weight of the slope model 5 is 310 kg. The slope model 5 is paved manually, and the thickness of a single pavement is 10 mm. Five groups of slope models 5 are prepared in preparation for subsequent experiments.

[0069] Step 2, applying simulation conditions to the slope model 5 to simulate the process of increasing deformation and decreasing strength of the slope model 5.

[0070] The simulation conditions applied to the slope model 5 include natural conditions or engineering conditions. By applying different conditions, the safety factor of the slope model 5 in different states can be determined.

[0071] Specifically, the natural conditions include applied precipitation and / or freeze-thaw cycles and / or dynamic disturbances.

[0072] Engineering conditions include different reinforcement measures of anchor rods or cables.

[0073] Specifically, before the slope model 5 is installed on the slope simulation experimental platform, a simulated precipitation of 2 mm is performed on the slope model 5, and then a freeze-thaw cycle experiment is performed.

[0074] The slope model 5 after simulated precipitation was placed in a freeze-thaw cycle temperature control box, and the freezing temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle was set to -20°C, and the freezing time was set to 3h; the melting temperature was set to 20°C, and the melting time was set to 1h; at the same time, after each melting of the slope model 5, before the next freezing experiment, the slope model 5 needs to be subjected to simulated precipitation of 2mm; the number of simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles for the five groups of slope models 5 is set to 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 times respectively; after reaching the set number of times, the slope model 5 is taken out, weighed, and the weight data is recorded;

[0075] Step 3: Install the slope model 5 after the simulation conditions are applied onto the slope simulation experimental platform, and lift it to the initial position of the experiment through the lifting device 2.

[0076] Specifically: Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 3 , the buffer unit 4 is in a fully retracted state. At this time, the tray assembly 3 is located on the buffer unit 4. The slope model 5 after the simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycle is placed in the frame 304 of the tray assembly 3, and then the truss 302 is hooked on the ring body 3011 of the tray body 301 through the hook 3022 thereon; the lifting device 2 is started to rotate along the first rotation direction, the wire rope is unfolded, and the hook is hooked on the truss 302; the lifting device 2 is started to rotate along the second rotation direction to retract the wire rope, and the tray assembly 3 with the slope model 5 is lifted to the initial position of the experiment.

[0077] The first rotation direction and the second rotation direction are opposite to each other.

[0078] Among them, Figure 5 As shown in a, the initial position of the experiment is: a limit switch is set on one of the guide pillars 101, and after the tray assembly 3 moves upward and touches the limit switch, the lifting device 2 stops, and this is the initial position of the experiment.

[0079] Step 4, release the lifting device 2, and the slope model 5 falls freely along the frame unit 1. When it contacts the buffer unit 4, it starts to decelerate and descend to simulate overweight, until the slope model 5 decelerates to zero and reaches the end position of the experiment.

[0080] Specifically, the hook 202 is controlled to be separated from the lifting ring on the truss 302, so that the slope model 5 and the tray assembly 3 are released from the initial position of the experiment and fall freely downward along the four guide pillars 101; when the speed of the tray assembly 3 equipped with the slope model 5 reaches the expected 6m / s, the initial position of the experimental overweight simulation is reached, such as Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 2 , at this time, the tray body 301 contacts the receiving seat 401 of the buffer unit 4, and starts to decelerate and descend under the condition of uniform acceleration under the contraction control of the telescopic device 402 of the buffer unit 4 to simulate the overweight condition of the slope model 4, until the tray assembly 3 equipped with the slope model 5 decelerates to zero and reaches the end position of the experiment, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown in c;

[0081] During the deceleration and descent process, the reverse support force on the tray assembly 3 equipped with the slope model 5 gradually increases to a constant value, so that the slope model 5 obtains a constant acceleration for a period of time, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0082] In this embodiment, in the initial falling test, the acceleration of deceleration of each slope model 5 is set to 1.1g.

[0083] The initial position of the experimental overweight simulation is that the tray assembly 3 falls onto the buffer unit 4, and at this time, the piston rod of the telescopic device 402 is in a fully extended state.

[0084] The end position of the experiment is the position where the piston rod of the telescopic device 402 is fully retracted.

[0085] Step 5, returning to the step of releasing the lifting device 2, gradually increasing the buffer acceleration of the slope model 5 in a gradient manner until the slope model 5 is unstable and damaged, and recording the safety factor of the slope model 5.

[0086] Specifically, when no obvious damage occurs to the slope model 5 during the process of decelerating and descending at an acceleration of 1.1g, multiple falling tests are continued to be carried out on the slope model 5, and step 4 is repeated. In each falling test, the damping of the buffer unit 4 is adjusted by adjusting the retraction speed of the telescopic device 402 of the buffer unit 4, and the acceleration value of the slope model 5 during the deceleration and descent is gradually increased with a gradient of 0.02g until the slope model 5 becomes unstable and damaged, so as to obtain the slope safety factor of the slope model 5.

[0087] Step 6: After all five groups of slope models 5 are unstable and destroyed, the experiment ends.

[0088] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the experimental results show that the safety factor of slope model 5 is 1.58 when the simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles are applied 0 times; the safety factor of slope model 5 is 1.42 when the simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles are applied 10 times; the safety factor of slope model 5 is 1.34 when the simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles are applied 20 times; the safety factor of slope model 5 is 1.22 when the simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles are applied 30 times; the safety factor of slope model 5 is 1.08 when the simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles are applied 50 times. It can be seen that the more simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles are applied, the worse the stability of slope model 5 is, that is, the lower the safety factor of slope model 5 is.

[0089] This application creates overweight experimental conditions by applying a controllable deceleration falling process to the slope model 5, thereby realizing the determination of the safety factor of the slope model 5 in a physical experiment based on the "overload calculation method". Before conducting the overweight experiment, external influences such as precipitation, freeze-thaw cycles and dynamic disturbances can be applied to the slope model 5. During the experiment, the deformation, structural loosening and dynamic destruction process of the slope model 5 can be observed through the tray body 301; then the acceleration during the uniform deceleration process is controlled through the falling experiment, and the overweight coefficient is the slope safety factor obtained by the overload calculation method. If the number of times the external influence conditions on the model are applied in the experiment is changed, this scheme can simulate the long-term safety factor degradation of the slope.

[0090] The application method can intuitively, quickly and effectively understand the deformation and failure process of the slope under the action of gravity, explore the slope failure mechanism, simulate the entire process of the real slope from elasticity, elastoplasticity to instability and failure, understand the control effect of different rock structures on slope deformation and failure, and provide a basis for slope design and protection.

[0091] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that, under the premise of no conflict, the above-mentioned advantageous methods can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0092] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. The above are only preferred implementations of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these improvements and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A slope simulation experimental platform, characterized in that: include: Frame unit (1); A tray assembly (3), the tray assembly (3) being arranged on the frame unit (1), and the tray assembly (3) being used for installing the slope model (5); A lifting device (2), the lifting device (2) being arranged at the top of the frame unit (1), the lifting device (2) being used to drive the tray assembly (3) to move along the frame unit (1), so as to move the tray assembly (3) on which the slope model (5) is installed to an initial position of the experiment; A buffer unit (4), the buffer unit (4) being arranged at the bottom end of the frame unit (1) and facing one side of the lifting device (2), the buffer unit (4) being used to receive the tray assembly (3) so as to decelerate the descent of the tray assembly (3) on which the slope model (5) is installed.

2. A slope simulation experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pallet assembly (3) comprises a pallet body (301) and a truss (302); sleeves (303) are respectively arranged at the corner positions of the pallet body (301); the sleeves (303) are slidably mounted on the frame unit (1); the truss (302) and a frame (304) are respectively arranged on the side of the pallet body (301) facing the lifting device (2); the frame (304) is used to mount the slope model (5) on the pallet body (301).

3. A slope simulation experimental platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The truss (302) comprises a top frame (3021) and a hook (3022); the top frame (3021) is used to be connected to the lifting device (2); and the hook (3022) is hingedly connected to the top frame (3021).

4. A slope simulation experimental platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: A ring body (3011) is provided on the side of the tray body (301) facing the lifting device (2), and the hook (3022) on the truss (302) is hooked on the ring body (3011).

5. The slope simulation experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer unit (4) comprises a receiving seat (401) and a telescopic device (402), wherein a fixed end of the telescopic device (402) is arranged on the frame unit (1), and a telescopic end of the telescopic device (402) is connected to the receiving seat (401).

6. A slope simulation experimental platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame unit (1) comprises a guide column (101), an upper platform (102) and a lower platform (103); one end of the guide column (101) is connected to the upper platform (102), and the other end of the guide column (101) is connected to the lower platform (103); the upper platform (102) is used to install the lifting device (2), and the lower platform (103) is used to install the buffer unit (4); the guide column (101) is sleeved with the sleeve (303).

7. A slope simulation experimental platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: A ball bearing is installed in the sleeve (303), and the sleeve (303) is sleeved on the guide column (101) via the ball bearing.

8. The slope simulation experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting device (2) comprises a hoist (201) and a hook (202); the hoist (201) is arranged on the upper platform (102); the hoist (201) comprises a steel wire rope, the end of the steel wire rope is connected to the hook (202), and the hook (202) is used to hook the truss (302).

9. A slope simulation test method, characterized in that: The experiment is conducted using the slope simulation experiment platform described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the slope simulation experiment method comprises: The slope model (5) is produced according to the in-situ slope data and similarity principle; Applying simulation conditions to the slope model (5) to simulate the process of deformation increase and strength reduction of the slope model (5); The slope model (5) after applying the simulation conditions is installed on the slope simulation experimental platform, and is lifted to the initial position of the experiment by the lifting device (2); The lifting device (2) is released, and the slope model (5) falls freely along the frame unit (1). When it contacts the buffer unit (4), it starts to decelerate and descend to simulate overweight, until the slope model (5) decelerates to zero and reaches the end position of the experiment; Returning to the step of releasing the lifting device (2), the buffer acceleration of the slope model (5) is gradually increased in a gradient manner until the slope model (5) is unstable and damaged, and the safety factor of the slope model (5) is recorded.

10. A slope simulation test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The simulation conditions imposed on the slope model (5) include natural conditions or engineering conditions.

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