Antenna device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna device and electronic equipment. The antenna device comprises a first antenna radiator, a second antenna radiator and a third antenna radiator, a first coupling interval is formed between the first end of the first antenna radiator and the second antenna radiator, and a second coupling interval is formed between the second end of the first antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator; a feeding point is arranged at a position, close to the first coupling interval, on the first antenna radiator; a first grounding point is arranged at a position, far away from the first coupling interval, on the second antenna radiator, and a first adjustable component is connected at a position close to the first coupling interval and used for changing an antenna pattern of the antenna device; a second grounding point is arranged at a position, far away from the second coupling interval, on the third antenna radiator; the length L1 of the first antenna radiator, the length L2 of the second antenna radiator and the length L3 of the third antenna radiator meet the following conditions: L1 is greater than or equal to 2 * L2, L1 is greater than or equal to 2 * L3, # imgabs0 # imgabs1 # lambda1 is a medium wavelength corresponding to a transmitting frequency of the antenna device working in a first frequency band, and sigma is an error.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic products, and in particular to an antenna device and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication technology, electronic devices need to support more and more frequency bands. For example, in the future, mobile terminals and other electronic devices may need to be used for satellite communications. Therefore, it is necessary to design satellite communication antennas that support low-orbit satellite communication functions on electronic devices. Due to the mobility of satellites or electronic devices, satellite communication antennas deployed on electronic devices may need to switch to connect to satellites in different directions in different scenarios. The antenna device usually used to implement satellite communications on electronic devices is designed with a fixed antenna pattern. When the electronic device needs to support switching to connect to satellites or base stations in different directions, it is necessary to deploy such antenna devices with fixed antenna patterns at multiple locations of the electronic device. This will not only increase the cost of antenna design, but also increase the difficulty of antenna design due to problems such as space limitations of the electronic device itself, and may cause the isolation between antennas to be affected, resulting in reduced antenna performance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna device and an electronic device to solve the problem that the antenna device for realizing satellite communication currently has a fixed antenna pattern, resulting in high design cost of the antenna device of the electronic device, limited antenna layout space and poor antenna performance.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, comprising: a first antenna radiator, a second antenna radiator, and a third antenna radiator; wherein:

[0006] There is a first coupling interval between the first end of the first antenna radiator and the second antenna radiator, and there is a second coupling interval between the second end of the first antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator; wherein the first end and the second end are arranged opposite to each other;

[0007] A feeding point is provided on the first antenna radiator at a position close to the first coupling interval; a first grounding point is provided on the second antenna radiator at a position away from the first coupling interval, a first adjustable component is connected to the position close to the first coupling interval on the second antenna radiator, and the first adjustable component is used to change the antenna pattern of the antenna device; a second grounding point is provided on the third antenna radiator at a position away from the second coupling interval;

[0008] The antenna device operates in a first frequency band through the first antenna radiator, the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator; the length L1 of the first antenna radiator, the length L2 of the second antenna radiator and the length L3 of the third antenna radiator satisfy: L1≥2*L2, L1≥2*L3, Wherein, λ1 is the medium wavelength corresponding to the transmission frequency of the antenna device operating in the first frequency band, and σ is the error.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising the antenna device as described above.

[0010] Thus, in the above scheme of the present application, by setting the relative position relationship of the first antenna radiator, the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator in the antenna device, and setting the positions of the feeding points and the grounding points on the first antenna radiator, the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator, the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator are made so that the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator, as parasitic structures of the first antenna radiator, work together with the first antenna radiator in the first frequency band. And the first adjustable component is connected to the position close to the first coupling interval on the second antenna radiator to adjust the antenna pattern of the antenna device. In this way, the antenna device can achieve the first frequency band coverage through one antenna unit (i.e., the first antenna radiator, the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator), while supporting the adjustment of the antenna pattern, that is, it can achieve communication functions in different directions, thereby reducing the cost of designing multiple antenna units to achieve communication functions in different directions, and reducing the space occupied by the antenna device that achieves communication functions in different directions, avoiding the problem of poor isolation and poor antenna performance caused by the need to design multiple antenna units. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 One of the schematic diagrams showing the antenna device according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0012] Figure 2 A second schematic diagram showing an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0013] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing current distribution when the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application works in a transmission mode;

[0014] Figure 4 An antenna pattern showing an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application working in a transmission mode;

[0015] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing current distribution when the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application works in a receiving mode;

[0016] Figure 6A schematic diagram showing electric field distribution when the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application works in a receiving mode;

[0017] Figure 7 An antenna pattern showing the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application working in a receiving mode;

[0018] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing current distribution when the antenna device operates in a receiving mode when the first adjustable component according to an embodiment of the present application is in a third state;

[0019] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing electric field distribution when the antenna device operates in a receiving mode when the first adjustable component according to an embodiment of the present application is in a third state;

[0020] Fig.10 It indicates that when the first adjustable component of the embodiment of the present application is in the third state, the antenna device operates in one of the antenna directional patterns in the receiving mode;

[0021] Fig.11 It indicates the antenna radiation pattern of the antenna device working in the transmission mode when the first adjustable component of the embodiment of the present application is in the third state.

[0022] Fig.12 A schematic diagram showing the signal strength of a satellite link in a low-orbit communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Fig.13 A second schematic diagram showing signal strength of a satellite link in a low-orbit communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Fig.14a Indicates an antenna pattern when the first adjustable component of the embodiment of the present application is in the first state and the antenna device operates in the receiving mode;

[0025] Fig.14b Indicates the antenna pattern of the antenna device operating in the receiving mode when the first adjustable component of the embodiment of the present application is in the second state;

[0026] Fig.14c Indicates the second antenna pattern when the first adjustable component of the embodiment of the present application is in the third state and the antenna device operates in the receiving mode;

[0027] Fig.14d It indicates that when the first adjustable component of the embodiment of the present application is in the fourth state, the antenna device operates in the antenna directivity pattern three in the receiving mode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, comprising: a first antenna radiator 10, a second antenna radiator 20 and a third antenna radiator 30; wherein,

[0030] A first coupling interval 40 is provided between the first end of the first antenna radiator 10 and the second antenna radiator 20, and a second coupling interval 50 is provided between the second end of the first antenna radiator 10 and the third antenna radiator 30; wherein the first end and the second end are arranged opposite to each other;

[0031] A feeding point 101 is provided on the first antenna radiator 10 at a position close to the first coupling interval 40; a first grounding point 201 is provided on the second antenna radiator 20 at a position away from the first coupling interval 40, and a first adjustable component 202 is connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling interval 40, and the first adjustable component 202 is used to change the antenna radiation pattern of the antenna device; a second grounding point 301 is provided on the third antenna radiator 30 at a position away from the second coupling interval 50;

[0032] The antenna device operates in a first frequency band through the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30; the length L1 of the first antenna radiator 10, the length L2 of the second antenna radiator 20 and the length L3 of the third antenna radiator 30 satisfy: L1≥2*L2, L1≥2*L3, Wherein, λ1 is the medium wavelength corresponding to the transmission frequency of the antenna device operating in the first frequency band, and σ is the error.

[0033] Optionally, the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 can be arranged on the same plane; or the extension direction of the first antenna radiator 10, the extension direction of the second antenna radiator 20 and the extension direction of the third antenna radiator 30 are the same; or, the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 are arranged along the same direction. Among them, the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 can be used as carriers of radiated electromagnetic wave energy, and are used to work in the first frequency band. The coupling interval between the first antenna radiator 10 and the second antenna radiator 20 means that the first antenna radiator 10 and the second antenna radiator 20 are not in contact, and can interact through the spatial electromagnetic field at a relatively close distance.

[0034] Optionally, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 may be respectively arranged at the two ends of the first antenna radiator 10, that is, the second antenna radiator 20 is located at the first end of the first antenna radiator 10, and the third antenna radiator 30 is located at the second end of the first antenna radiator 10. The first coupling interval 40 between the first end of the first antenna radiator 10 and the second antenna radiator 20 means that the first antenna radiator 10 and the second antenna radiator 20 are not in contact with each other, and can interact with each other through a space electromagnetic field at a relatively close distance. Correspondingly, the second coupling interval 50 between the second end of the first antenna radiator 10 and the third antenna radiator 30 means that the first antenna radiator 10 and the third antenna radiator 30 are not in contact with each other, and can interact with each other through a space electromagnetic field at a relatively close distance.

[0035] Optionally, a feeding point 101 is provided on the first antenna radiator 10 at a position close to the first coupling interval 40. The feeding point 101 can be used to connect a feed source to provide electromagnetic wave energy, that is, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 can be used as parasitic structures of the first antenna radiator 10 to obtain electromagnetic wave energy by coupling from the first antenna radiator 10. A first grounding point 201 is provided on the second antenna radiator 20 at a position away from the first coupling interval 40; a second grounding point 301 is provided on the third antenna radiator 30 at a position away from the second coupling interval 50. The first grounding point 201 and the second grounding point 301 can be connected to the antenna ground 60. In this way, by designing the feeding point and the grounding point on the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30, the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 can be made to operate in the first frequency band.

[0036] Optionally, the first adjustable component 202 is connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 near the first coupling interval 40, for example, the second antenna radiator 20 can be connected to the antenna ground 60 through the first adjustable component 202. The first adjustable component 202 supports capacitance value and / or inductance value adjustment, and / or state adjustment between short circuit and open circuit, that is, the first adjustable component 202 can support adjustment of at least one state among capacitance value adjustment, inductance value adjustment, short circuit and open circuit, so that the capacitance value and / or inductance value connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 near the first coupling interval 40 can be changed through the first adjustable component 202, and / or the position of the second antenna radiator 20 near the first coupling interval 40 can be changed to be short-circuited or open, so that the antenna pattern of the antenna device can be adjusted.

[0037] Optionally, the antenna ground 60 can be a mainboard (or other circuit board) and a large piece of metal connected thereto, which forms an induced current with the antenna radiator and serves as a reference ground for the antenna. For example, the antenna ground 60 and the antenna device can be deployed in an electronic device.

[0038] It should be noted that, as another optional implementation method, the feeding point 101 can also be set on the first antenna radiator 10 at a position close to the second coupling interval 50, and the first adjustable component 202 can be connected to the third antenna radiator 30 at a position close to the second coupling interval 50, etc. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0039] Alternatively, see Figure 2 , the length L1 of the first antenna radiator 10 (i.e., the radiator length between the first coupling interval 40 and the second coupling interval 50), the length L2 of the second antenna radiator 20 (i.e., the radiator length between the first coupling interval 40 and the first grounding point), and the length L3 of the third antenna radiator 30 (i.e., the radiator length between the second coupling interval 50 and the second grounding point) satisfy: L1≥2*L2, when L1≥2*L3, the length L2 of the second antenna radiator 20 and the length L3 of the third antenna radiator 30 may be equal or unequal.

[0040] Optionally, the length L1 of the first antenna radiator 10 satisfies: Therefore, for the transmission mode of the antenna device, the antenna device can operate in a dipole current mode. For example, σ can be an error amount based on actual application scenarios or processing techniques, or when the length of the first antenna radiator 10 is When the transmitting frequency is near, the σ can also refer to The error of the transmission frequency can be satisfied nearby, and of course the value of σ can be a positive number or zero, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0041] The antenna device in the above scheme sets the relative position relationship of the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30, and sets the positions of the feeding points and the grounding points on the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30, so that the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 act as parasitic structures of the first antenna radiator 10 and work together with the first antenna radiator 10 in the first frequency band. In addition, the first adjustable component 202 is connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 near the first coupling interval 40 to adjust the antenna pattern of the antenna device. In this way, the antenna device can achieve coverage of the first frequency band through one antenna unit (i.e., the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30) while supporting adjustment of the antenna pattern, that is, it can realize communication functions in different directions, thereby reducing the cost of designing multiple antenna units to realize communication functions in different directions, and reducing the space occupied by the antenna device that realizes communication functions in different directions, avoiding the problems of poor isolation and poor antenna performance caused by the need to design multiple antenna units.

[0042] Optionally, the first frequency band covers a low-orbit satellite operating frequency band. For example, the low-orbit satellite operating frequency band may include but is not limited to at least one of the following: a frequency band above 1 GHz, a V band, an L band, and an S band, etc., but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0043] Optionally, the distance d1 from the feeding point 101 to the first coupling interval 40 satisfies: d1≤0.05λ2; and / or, the distance d2 from the position on the second antenna radiator 20 connected to the first adjustable component 202 to the first coupling interval 40 satisfies: d2≤0.05λ2; wherein λ2 is the medium wavelength corresponding to the receiving frequency of the antenna device operating in the first frequency band.

[0044] For example, taking the first frequency band as the frequency band for low-orbit satellite operation as an example, the d1 may be less than or equal to 5 mm, and the d2 may be less than or equal to 5 mm. Here, d1 and d2 may be equal or unequal.

[0045] Optionally, the transmitting frequency and the receiving frequency satisfy: f2≥1.5*f1; wherein f1 is the transmitting frequency, and f2 is the receiving frequency.

[0046] For example, taking the first frequency band as the frequency band for low-orbit satellite operation as an example, the frequency range of the transmitting frequency f1 may be: 1920 MHz to 2025 MHz, and the frequency range of the receiving frequency f2 may be: 3440 MHz to 3660 MHz.

[0047] Optionally, when the antenna device operates in the first frequency band, the first antenna radiator 10 operates in a signal transmission mode, and the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 operate in a signal reception mode.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, a schematic diagram of current distribution of the antenna device working in the first frequency band with a transmission frequency of 2 GHz is given, and the current distribution is mainly on the first antenna radiator 10 (such as Figure 3 The middle arrow indicates the current distribution, and the red arrow indicates the current direction), that is, the first antenna radiator 10 works in the signal transmission mode, and at this time, a dipole current mode is presented on the first antenna radiator 10. The corresponding antenna directional diagram is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, at this time, the antenna energy is mainly directed toward the top direction (for example, a direction perpendicular to the first antenna radiator 10 and away from the antenna ground 60, that is, Figure 4 The upper hemisphere direction shown here radiates, which is a good match for satellite connections.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, a schematic diagram of current distribution is given when the antenna device works in the first frequency band and the receiving frequency is 3.44 GHz (observation frequency point). The current is distributed on the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 (as shown in FIG. Figure 5 The middle arrow indicates the current distribution, and the red arrow indicates the current direction), wherein the current direction on the part of the radiator on the first antenna radiator 10 close to the first coupling interval 40 is opposite to the current direction of the second antenna radiator 20, the current direction on the part of the radiator on the first antenna radiator 10 close to the second coupling interval 50 is opposite to the current of the third antenna radiator 30, and the current direction on the part of the radiator on the first antenna radiator 10 close to the first coupling interval 40 is opposite to the current direction on the part of the radiator on the first antenna radiator 10 close to the second coupling interval 50. At this time, the first antenna radiator 10 presents a monopole (3 / 4)λ2 high-order mode current mode. The corresponding electric field distribution is as follows: Figure 6 As shown ( Figure 6 The red arrow in the middle indicates the current direction). At this time, the first coupling interval 40 and the second coupling interval 50 are connected along the x direction (i.e. Figure 6 The electric field direction is the same as the direction from right to left in the figure. The corresponding antenna pattern is as follows Figure 7As shown, at this time, in the top direction (for example, a direction perpendicular to the first antenna radiator 10 and away from the antenna ground 60, that is, Figure 7 The upper hemisphere direction A to B shown in the figure has good radiation characteristics, gain -1dBi; the angle theta with the normal is 44°, such as Figure 7 As shown in the middle direction C, the minimum gain at the location where the incoming wave is incident is -4dBi, which can well match the satellite connection.

[0050] Optionally, the first adjustable component 202 is composed of at least one of the following connected in series and / or in parallel: at least one switch, at least one capacitor with a fixed or adjustable capacitance value, and at least one inductor with a fixed or adjustable inductance value.

[0051] For example, the first adjustable component 202 may be composed of a switch, and the position of the second antenna radiator 20 near the first coupling interval 40 may be adjusted to be short-circuited or open-circuited by the switch. Alternatively, the first adjustable component 202 may be composed of at least one switch, and at least one fixed capacitor and / or at least one fixed inductor, and by setting a switch, and a series and / or parallel connection between fixed or adjustable capacitors and / or fixed or adjustable inductors (for example, a fixed or adjustable capacitor and / or a fixed or adjustable inductor are connected in series between the second antenna radiator 20 and the antenna ground 60, or a fixed or adjustable capacitor and a fixed or adjustable inductor are connected in parallel between the second antenna radiator 20 and the antenna ground 60, or a fixed or adjustable capacitor and a fixed or adjustable inductor are connected in parallel and then connected in series with a switch between the second antenna radiator 20 and the antenna ground 60, etc.), so that the position of the second antenna radiator 20 near the first coupling interval 40 can be switched to access different capacitors, or different inductors, or different capacitors and inductors, etc. by the switch. Alternatively, the first adjustable component 202 may be composed of an adjustable capacitor and / or an adjustable inductor, by setting the adjustable capacitor and / or the adjustable inductor in series and / or in parallel (for example, the adjustable capacitor and / or the adjustable inductor are connected in series between the second antenna radiator 20 and the antenna ground 60, or the adjustable capacitor and the adjustable inductor are connected in parallel between the second antenna radiator 20 and the antenna ground 60, or a plurality of adjustable capacitors and a plurality of adjustable inductors are set in series and in parallel between the second antenna radiator 20 and the antenna ground 60), etc., and by adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor and / or the inductance value of the adjustable inductor, different capacitors, or different inductors, or different capacitors and inductors, etc., are connected to the position on the second antenna radiator 20 near the first coupling interval 40.

[0052] It should be noted that the above embodiments are exemplary descriptions of the first adjustable component 202 realizing at least one state switching of different capacitance values, different inductance values, short circuit, and open circuit. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to other first adjustable component 202 structures that realize at least one state switching of different capacitance values, different inductance values, short circuit, and open circuit, and will not be repeated here.

[0053] Optionally, a second adjustable component 302 is connected to a position on the third antenna radiator 30 close to the second coupling interval 50 , and the second adjustable component 302 is used to adjust the antenna device to operate in a second frequency band.

[0054] For example, a position on the third antenna radiator 30 close to the second coupling interval 50 is connected to the second adjustable component 302 . For example, the third antenna radiator 30 can be connected to the antenna ground 60 through the second adjustable component 302 . Among them, the second adjustable component 302 supports capacitance value and / or inductance value adjustment, and / or state adjustment between short circuit and open circuit, etc., that is, the second adjustable component 302 can support adjustment of at least one state among capacitance value adjustment, inductance value adjustment, short circuit and open circuit, so that the capacitance value and / or inductance value connected to the position close to the second coupling interval 50 on the third antenna radiator 30 can be changed through the second adjustable component 302, and / or the position close to the second coupling interval 50 on the third antenna radiator 30 can be changed to be short-circuited or open, so that through the design of the second adjustable component 302, the antenna performance of the antenna device working in the first frequency band can be improved, and the antenna device can be realized to work in other frequency bands (i.e., second frequency bands) except the first frequency band, such as the B40 frequency band or other frequency bands other than this, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0055] Optionally, the second adjustable component 302 is composed of at least one of the following items connected in series and / or in parallel: at least one switch, at least one capacitor with a fixed or adjustable capacitance value, and at least one inductor with a fixed or adjustable inductance value.

[0056] For example, the second adjustable component 302 can be designed in a similar manner to the first adjustable component 202, which will not be described in detail here. Alternatively, when it is necessary to improve the antenna performance of the antenna device operating in the first frequency band through the second adjustable component 302 or to design the antenna device to operate in a frequency band other than the first frequency band, the second adjustable component 302 can also use a fixed capacitor, or a fixed inductor, or an open circuit, or a short circuit, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0057] Optionally, the first adjustable component 202 supports switching between at least two states of a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state; wherein,

[0058] In the first state, a position on the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling gap 40 is connected to the first capacitor of the at least one capacitor;

[0059] In the second state, a first inductor among the at least one inductor is connected to a position on the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling gap 40;

[0060] In the third state, the second capacitor of the at least one capacitor and the second inductor of the at least one inductor are connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling gap 40; for example, the second capacitor and the second inductor are connected in parallel to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling gap 40;

[0061] In the fourth state, a position on the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling gap 40 is in a short-circuit state through the switch.

[0062] For example: taking the first frequency band as the frequency band of low-orbit satellite operation as an example, the capacitance value of the first capacitor can be 1pF, the inductance value of the first inductor can be 2.7nH, the capacitance value of the second capacitor can be 0.8pF, and the inductance value of the second inductor can be 4.1nH. Correspondingly, the first state is that 1pF is connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling interval 40, the second state is that 2.7nH is connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling interval 40, the third state is that 4.1nH is connected to the position of the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling interval 40 in parallel with 0.8pF, and the fourth state is that the position of the second antenna radiator 20 close to the first coupling interval 40 is short-circuited, that is, the first adjustable component 202 supports switching between at least two states of 1pF, 2.7nH, 4.1nH in parallel with 0.8pF, and short circuit.

[0063] In the following, the first frequency band is the frequency band of low-orbit satellite operation, the first adjustable component 202 supports switching between at least two states of 1pF, 2.7nH, 4.1nH in parallel with 0.8pF, and short circuit, and the second adjustable component 302 is fixed to 0.5pF (optionally, in the default use state, the second adjustable component 302 is short-circuited by a switch) as an example to illustrate the pattern adjustment effect of the antenna device of the embodiment of the present application:

[0064] In actual application scenarios, for example, when the satellite directly above the antenna device is blocked by clouds, or when the antenna device is under a tree and uses low-orbit satellite communications, the link directly above will suffer great losses, and the quality of the communication link is poor, and it is necessary to switch to other satellites for connection. In the above scenarios, the solution of the embodiment of the present application is adopted, and it is only necessary to adjust the state of the first adjustable component 202 and switch different radio frequency (RF) states, such as switching from the fourth state of the default short circuit to the third state of 4.1nH in parallel with 0.8pF, to achieve the function of reconstructing the antenna pattern in the receiving mode.

[0065] When the first adjustable component 202 is switched to the third state of 4.1nH in parallel with 0.8pF, Figure 8 As shown, the current distribution of the receiving frequency of 3.44GHz is given (such as Figure 8 The middle arrow indicates the current distribution, and the red arrow indicates the current direction). Figure 5 The difference in current distribution is that the current direction on the second antenna radiator 20 is the same as the current direction on the first antenna radiator 10 near the first coupling interval 40, which is close to the middle metal structure. The corresponding electric field distribution is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, at this time, the electric field directions of the first coupling interval 40 and the second coupling interval 50 along the x direction are opposite (as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 The red arrow in the figure indicates the direction of the current. The corresponding antenna pattern is shown in Fig.10 As shown in Figure 2, the antenna pattern is split into two main lobes, and the normal gain drops significantly to -7dBi. Fig.10 As shown in the middle direction D; and the gain at the position where the angle theta with the normal is 44° and the side wave is incident is increased to more than 1dBi, as shown in Fig.10 The gain in direction E is increased to 1.5dBi, and the gain in direction F is increased to 1dBi. The directional pattern of the transmitting frequency band remains basically unchanged, as shown in Figure 1. Fig.11 As shown. Due to its wide lobe width, relatively low frequency, small link loss, and higher environmental resistance than high frequency. Therefore, the antenna pattern reconstruction function implemented by the antenna device of the embodiment of the present application can well cope with the situation where the normal link is blocked by obstacles in the above scenario, so as to provide better communication effect, reduce additional antenna design, and reduce cost increase.

[0066] Optionally, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 are symmetrically arranged relative to the first antenna radiator 10 .

[0067] In this embodiment, by designing the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 to be symmetrically arranged relative to the first antenna radiator 10, it can be ensured that the antenna radiation pattern of the antenna device exhibits a symmetrical effect, reducing RF dead angles, thereby improving antenna performance.

[0068] It should be noted that the above is an example of the antenna pattern reconfiguration function implemented for a single antenna, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to implementing the antenna pattern reconfiguration function for an antenna cluster. For example, a single antenna with the above-mentioned antenna pattern reconfiguration function is used to form an antenna cluster, and the antenna cluster implements the antenna pattern reconfiguration function, etc. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0069] An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising the antenna device as described above.

[0070] Optionally, the first antenna radiator 10, the second antenna radiator 20 and the third antenna radiator 30 in the antenna device can be arranged on a metal frame of the electronic device, for example: a first slot and a second slot are opened on the top side of the metal frame of the electronic device, and the top side of the metal frame is divided into three sections of the metal frame part, then the first slot is formed as the first coupling interval 40, the second slot is formed as the second coupling interval 50, the metal frame part between the first slot and the second slot is formed as the first antenna radiator 10, a first grounding point 201 is set on another metal frame part adjacent to the first slot, so that the metal frame part between the first grounding point 201 and the first slot is formed as the second antenna radiator 20, and a second grounding point 301 is set on another metal frame part adjacent to the second slot, so that the metal frame part between the second grounding point 301 and the second slot is formed as the third antenna radiator 30.

[0071] The electronic device in the embodiment of the present application can implement the various embodiments of the above-mentioned antenna device and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0072] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0073] The antenna performance of the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is described below in combination with specific application scenarios:

[0074] like Fig.12 As shown in Figure 1, a schematic diagram of the signal strength of a satellite link in a low-orbit communication scenario is given, such as Fig.12 Since there is no obstruction in the zenith direction (i.e. directly above), the link signal strength in the zenith direction is the highest ( Fig.12 The solid black line in the middle indicates the highest link signal strength), so the electronic equipment can be directly connected to the satellite in the zenith direction, and the main lobe of the transmit and receive radiation pattern is facing the satellite for the best result.

[0075] like Fig.13 As shown in Figure 1, a schematic diagram of the signal strength of a satellite link in another low-orbit communication scenario is given, such as Fig.13 When some satellites are blocked by clouds in the zenith direction (i.e., directly above), the electronic device can determine the satellite with the best signal-to-noise ratio through algorithms and some preset switching thresholds, and connect to the satellite. At this time, the electronic device using the embodiment of the present application can reconstruct the antenna pattern through the first adjustable component 202 to adjust the antenna pattern to point to the satellite with the best signal-to-noise ratio, thereby further enhancing the connection effect of this link and improving the communication quality.

[0076] like Figures 14a to 14d As shown, the change of the antenna pattern in the receiving mode when the electronic device reconstructs the antenna pattern by switching the state of the first adjustable component 202 is given. By switching the state of the first adjustable component 202, the antenna pattern in the receiving mode can achieve several combinations such as the main lobe facing right, left, both sides, and the middle zenith. Of course, the embodiment of the present application is not limited to the first adjustable component 202 designing more switches and multiple channels for simultaneous loading, and more pattern shapes can also be achieved to more flexibly adapt to more actual scenarios.

[0077] For Figures 14a to 14d The antenna pattern shown can be used to point to different satellites, bypass obstacles, and enhance the link connection strength. In addition, the 0 point of the pattern can also be adjusted to point to some interference (such as the common base station N78 frequency band signal, which is a co-frequency interference signal) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. For example: when there is a strong interference source on the left, by adjusting the first adjustable component 202 and switching to 1pF, the left side of the antenna pattern will present a 0 point, which has a great resistance to interference signals. At this time, the zenith normal of the pattern can still maintain a high gain, which can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the communication quality.

[0078] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0080] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary personnel in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles described in the present application. These improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna device, characterized in that: include: a first antenna radiator, a second antenna radiator and a third antenna radiator; wherein, There is a first coupling interval between the first end of the first antenna radiator and the second antenna radiator, and there is a second coupling interval between the second end of the first antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator; wherein the first end and the second end are arranged opposite to each other; A feeding point is provided on the first antenna radiator at a position close to the first coupling interval; a first grounding point is provided on the second antenna radiator at a position away from the first coupling interval, a first adjustable component is connected to the position close to the first coupling interval on the second antenna radiator, and the first adjustable component is used to change the antenna pattern of the antenna device; a second grounding point is provided on the third antenna radiator at a position away from the second coupling interval; The antenna device operates in a first frequency band through the first antenna radiator, the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator; the length L1 of the first antenna radiator, the length L2 of the second antenna radiator and the length L3 of the third antenna radiator satisfy: L1≥2*L2, L1≥2*L3, Wherein, λ1 is the medium wavelength corresponding to the transmission frequency of the antenna device operating in the first frequency band, and σ is the error.

2. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance d1 from the feeding point to the first coupling interval satisfies: d1≤0.05λ2; and / or, A distance d2 from a position on the second antenna radiator connected to the first adjustable component to the first coupling interval satisfies: d2≤0.05λ2; Among them, λ2 is the medium wavelength corresponding to the receiving frequency of the antenna device operating in the first frequency band.

3. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that The transmitting frequency and the receiving frequency satisfy: f2≥1.5*f1; Wherein, f1 is the transmitting frequency, and f2 is the receiving frequency.

4. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first frequency band covers the low-orbit satellite operating frequency band.

5. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the antenna device operates in a first frequency band, the first antenna radiator operates in a signal transmission mode, and the first antenna radiator, the second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator operate in a signal reception mode.

6. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first adjustable component is composed of at least one of the following connected in series and / or in parallel: at least one switch, at least one capacitor with a fixed or adjustable capacitance value, and at least one inductor with a fixed or adjustable inductance value.

7. The antenna device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first adjustable component supports switching between at least two states of a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state; wherein, In the first state, a position on the second antenna radiator close to the first coupling interval is connected to the first capacitor of the at least one capacitor; In the second state, a first inductor among the at least one inductor is connected to a position on the second antenna radiator close to the first coupling interval; In the third state, a second capacitor among the at least one capacitor and a second inductor among the at least one inductor are connected to a position on the second antenna radiator close to the first coupling interval; In the fourth state, a position on the second antenna radiator close to the first coupling interval is switched to a short-circuit state by the switch.

8. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that A second adjustable component is connected to a position on the third antenna radiator close to the second coupling interval, and the second adjustable component is used to adjust the antenna device to operate in a second frequency band.

9. The antenna device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second adjustable component is composed of at least one of the following connected in series and / or in parallel: at least one switch, at least one capacitor with a fixed or adjustable capacitance value, and at least one inductor with a fixed or adjustable inductance value.

10. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator are symmetrically arranged relative to the first antenna radiator.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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