Planting device and planting method for substrate cultivation

Abstract

The invention provides a planting device and a planting method for substrate cultivation, the planting device comprises a planting groove, a liquid supply port and a liquid return port, the planting groove is provided with a planting cavity, the liquid supply port and the liquid return port are both arranged at the bottom of the planting groove; the liquid filtering plate is transversely arranged in the planting groove and located above the liquid supply opening and the liquid return opening so as to divide the planting cavity into an upper matrix cavity and a lower breathing cavity, and the liquid filtering plate is provided with a liquid filtering through hole communicating the upper matrix cavity with the lower breathing cavity; the liquid supply pipe is communicated with the liquid supply port; the liquid return pipe is communicated with the liquid return opening; the liquid supply valve is arranged on the liquid supply pipe, the liquid return valve is arranged on the liquid return pipe, the liquid level detection part is arranged on the planting groove, and the controller is in signal connection with the liquid level detection part, the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve so as to control the opening and closing state of the liquid supply valve and the opening and closing state of the liquid return valve according to the detection result of the liquid level detection part. Through the technical scheme provided by the invention, the problem that the product quality and yield of a strawberry substrate cultivation facility in the related technology are difficult to guarantee can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of modern facility agriculture, and in particular to a planting device and a planting method for substrate cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Strawberry, also known as foreign berry, ground berry, and red berry, is heart-shaped, brightly colored, juicy, sweet and sour, and has high nutritional and medicinal value. It is known as the "Queen of Fruits". In addition, its growth cycle is the shortest among fruit trees, and cultivating strawberries can achieve economic benefits in a short period of time. In addition to being eaten directly, strawberries can also be made into jams, cakes, juices, or candies. Strawberries are mostly planted in September each year and harvested from November to March of the following year. In recent years, strawberries have occupied half of the fresh fruits of the Spring Festival, and the demand for strawberries in the north is particularly high in winter. However, at present, strawberry cultivation at home and abroad is mainly based on greenhouse soil cultivation, supplemented by greenhouse soilless cultivation. Affected by climate and continuous cropping of land, it is difficult to achieve year-round production, and serious pests and diseases make the fruit quality and yield unstable.

[0003] In related technologies, with the rapid development of facility agriculture, soilless cultivation technology is being used more and more widely. Facility agriculture + soilless cultivation technology is conducive to achieving high-quality and high-yield crops, which can increase production by 2 to 3 times compared with ordinary traditional planting. At the same time, it can ensure the balance of water and nutrients. It is a water-saving cultivation mode, and can also achieve sanitation and cleanliness of the planting environment and fruits, reduce pests and diseases, and the cultivation process is simple, saving labor, and can realize modern technical operations. The main soilless cultivation form of facility agriculture + soilless cultivation technology in the field of strawberry planting is trapezoidal trough drip irrigation substrate cultivation, which uses the substrate as a fixed substance during the growth of strawberries, and uses nutrient solution drip irrigation as a nutrient supply, combined with some foliar fertilizer spraying.

[0004] However, the product quality and yield of strawberry substrate cultivation facilities in related technologies are difficult to guarantee. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a planting device and a planting method for substrate cultivation, so as to solve the problem that the product quality and yield of strawberry substrate cultivation facilities in the related art are difficult to ensure.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a planting device for substrate cultivation is provided, the planting device comprising: a planting trough having a planting cavity and a liquid supply port and a liquid return port connected to the planting cavity, the liquid supply port and the liquid return port being both arranged at the bottom of the planting trough; a filtrate plate arranged transversely in the planting trough and located above the liquid supply port and the liquid return port to separate the planting cavity into a substrate upper cavity and a breathing lower cavity located below the substrate upper cavity, the filtrate plate having a filtrate through hole connecting the substrate upper cavity and the breathing lower cavity; a liquid supply pipe connected to the liquid supply port; a liquid return pipe connected to the liquid return port; a control component comprising a liquid supply valve, a liquid return valve, a liquid level detection unit and a controller, the liquid supply valve being arranged on the liquid supply pipe, the liquid return valve being arranged on the liquid return pipe, the liquid level detection unit being arranged on the planting trough, the controller being connected to the liquid level detection unit, the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve signals respectively to control the opening and closing states of the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve according to the detection results of the liquid level detection unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the planting trough has a liquid supply marking position, which is higher than the filtration plate. When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough is greater than or equal to the liquid supply marking position, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close.

[0008] Furthermore, the planting trough also has an intermittent marking position, which is lower than the filtrate plate. When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough is lower than or equal to the intermittent marking position, the controller controls the liquid return valve to close.

[0009] Furthermore, the planting device also includes a timing component, and the controller is connected to the timing component signal to control the opening and closing states of the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve according to the timing signal of the timing component.

[0010] Furthermore, the planting trough also has an overflow port connected to the planting cavity, and the lowest point of the overflow port is flush with the liquid supply marking position; the planting device also includes a liquid storage tank, the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid supply pipe, and the inlet of the liquid storage tank is respectively connected to the overflow port and the return liquid pipe; and / or the overflow port is provided with a filter.

[0011] Furthermore, the planting device also includes a plurality of pillars, which are evenly arranged in the planting cavity, the pillars extend vertically, the lower ends of the pillars are connected to the planting troughs, and the filtrate plates are set on the upper ends of the pillars.

[0012] Furthermore, the pillar is dumbbell-shaped, and the diameter of the pillar decreases first and then increases from bottom to top; and / or the pillar and the planting trough adopt an integrally formed structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the diameter of the liquid supply pipe is the same as that of the liquid return pipe, the planting trough has a liquid supply joint and a liquid return joint, the liquid supply joint is arranged at the liquid supply port, the liquid return joint is arranged at the liquid return port, and the liquid return joint is arranged higher than the liquid supply joint; or, the liquid return pipe and the liquid return joint are detachably connected, the planting device also includes a detachable sewage pipe, the liquid return port has a planting state connected to the liquid return pipe and a cleaning state connected to the sewage pipe; or, the planting cavity adopts a first inverted cone structure, the filtrate plate adopts a second inverted cone structure, and the inner wall of the planting cavity and the outer wall of the filtrate plate are adapted to each other.

[0014] Furthermore, the filtrate through hole adopts a strip structure extending in the transverse direction; and / or the upper surface of the filtrate plate has an annular rib, and the annular rib is arranged around the filtrate through hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the planting device also includes a matrix layer, which is filled in the upper cavity of the matrix, and the matrix layer includes an upper layer of nutrient soil and a lower filter layer located below the upper layer of nutrient soil; the lower filter layer is made of solid waste slag from a thermal power plant; the planting device also includes a liquid supply pump, which is arranged on a liquid supply pipe; the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve both use solenoid valves.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a planting method for substrate cultivation is provided, and the planting method can be applied to the planting device provided above, and the planting method comprises: opening the liquid supply valve, and the liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution to the planting cavity through the liquid supply port; when the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting cavity rises to a preset water level, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close; opening the liquid return valve, and the nutrient solution in the planting cavity is discharged through the liquid return pipe; when the liquid level detection unit detects that the nutrient solution in the planting cavity no longer soaks the substrate, the controller controls the liquid return valve to close.

[0017] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, a planting device for substrate cultivation includes a planting trough, a filtrate plate, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid return pipe and a control component. A liquid level detection unit is used to detect the liquid level height in the planting trough. A controller controls the opening and closing states of a liquid supply valve and a liquid return valve according to the detection result of the liquid level detection unit. Specifically, when supplying liquid to the upper cavity of the substrate, the liquid supply valve is opened first, and the liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution to the planting cavity through a liquid supply port to increase the liquid level in the planting cavity. In this process, the liquid level detection unit is used to detect the liquid level height in the planting trough. When the liquid level in the planting cavity rises to a preset water level, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close, and the substrate in the upper cavity of the substrate is soaked to achieve liquid supply to the plant. It should be noted that the substrate in the upper cavity of the substrate will not be immersed in the nutrient solution all the time. After the liquid supply stops, the return valve is opened, and the nutrient solution in the planting trough is discharged from the nutrient solution in the planting cavity through the return pipe until the nutrient solution in the planting cavity no longer soaks the substrate. The controller controls the return valve to close. The strawberry absorbs the stored nutrients through the substrate to maintain a long-term nutrient supply demand. At this time, when the substrate is exposed to the air layer both above and below, it is beneficial for the strawberry roots to absorb the nutrient solution and breathe and ventilate, reduce root diseases, increase strawberry yield, save energy and water, and achieve early maturity and increased yield while ensuring fruit quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a planting device for substrate cultivation provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a planting groove of a planting device for substrate cultivation provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 3 A top view of a planting groove of a planting device for substrate cultivation provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 4 A top view of a filtrate plate of a planting device for substrate cultivation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a filtrate plate of a planting device for substrate cultivation provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 10. Planting trough; 11. Planting cavity; 111. Matrix upper cavity; 112. Breathing lower cavity; 12. Liquid supply port; 13. Liquid return port; 14. Liquid supply mark position; 15. Intermittent mark position; 16. Overflow port; 17. Liquid supply connector; 18. Liquid return connector;

[0026] 20. filtrate plate; 21. filtrate through hole; 22. annular rib;

[0027] 30. Pillar;

[0028] 40. Matrix layer; 41. Upper layer of nutrient soil; 42. Lower layer of filtration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the related art, the planting system of trapezoidal trough drip irrigation substrate cultivation is complex, the drip irrigation system occupies the space for strawberry planting and plant growth, the space utilization rate is low, the system planting effect is chaotic, and the nutrient solution evaporation loss is large. In addition, in order to avoid the occurrence of pests and diseases, growers replace the substrate after each crop, which makes the planting cost high. In addition, when planting strawberries, due to the inability of strawberry roots to tolerate waterlogging, the planting substrate is required to be both breathable and water-permeable, and to have certain water-holding and fertilizer-retaining properties. However, whether it is soil planting or facility soilless cultivation using trapezoidal trough substrates to cultivate strawberries, the roots are completely buried in the soil or substrate, and the ventilation and air permeability of the roots are very difficult, resulting in many root diseases and difficulty in ensuring the quality and yield of strawberries.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a planting device for substrate cultivation, the planting device comprising a planting trough 10, a filtrate plate 20, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid return pipe and a control component, the planting trough 10 has a planting cavity 11 and a liquid supply port 12 and a liquid return port 13 connected to the planting cavity 11, the liquid supply port 12 and the liquid return port 13 are both arranged at the bottom of the planting trough 10, the filtrate plate 20 is arranged horizontally in the planting trough 10 and is located above the liquid supply port 12 and the liquid return port 13, so as to separate the planting cavity 11 into a substrate upper cavity 111 and a breathing lower cavity 111 located below the substrate upper cavity 111. The filtrate plate 20 has a filtrate through hole 21 connecting the upper matrix cavity 111 and the breathing lower cavity 112, the liquid supply pipe is connected to the liquid supply port 12, and the liquid return pipe is connected to the liquid return port 13. The control component includes a liquid supply valve, a liquid return valve, a liquid level detection unit and a controller. The liquid supply valve is arranged on the liquid supply pipe, the liquid return valve is arranged on the liquid return pipe, and the liquid level detection unit is arranged on the planting trough 10. The controller is respectively connected with the liquid level detection unit, the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve signal to control the opening and closing state of the liquid supply valve and the opening and closing state of the liquid return valve according to the detection result of the liquid level detection unit.

[0032] The planting device provided in this embodiment is applied, and the planting device includes a planting trough 10, a filtrate plate 20, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid return pipe and a control component. The liquid level height in the planting trough 10 is detected by a liquid level detection unit, and the controller controls the opening and closing states of the liquid supply valve and the opening and closing states of the liquid return valve according to the detection result of the liquid level detection unit. Specifically, when supplying liquid to the upper cavity 111 of the substrate, the liquid supply valve is opened first, and the liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution to the planting cavity 11 through the liquid supply port to increase the liquid level in the planting cavity 11. In this process, the liquid level height in the planting trough 10 is detected by the liquid level detection unit. When the liquid level in the planting cavity 11 rises to a preset water level, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close, and the substrate in the upper cavity 111 of the substrate is soaked to achieve liquid supply to the plant. It should be noted that the matrix in the upper cavity 111 of the matrix will not be immersed in the nutrient solution all the time. After the liquid supply stops, the return valve is opened, and the nutrient solution in the planting trough 10 is discharged from the planting cavity 11 through the return pipe until the nutrient solution in the planting trough 10 no longer soaks the matrix. The controller controls the return valve to close, and the strawberries absorb the stored nutrients through the matrix to maintain a long-term nutrient supply demand (the nutrient solution absorbed by the matrix moves upward under the action of transpiration and the strawberry root system, and the humidity distribution of the matrix is ​​maintained while supplying the strawberries for absorption). At this time, when the matrix is ​​exposed to the air layer from top to bottom, it is beneficial for the strawberry roots to absorb the nutrient solution and breathe and ventilate, reduce root diseases, increase strawberry yield, save energy and water, and achieve early maturity and increased yield while ensuring fruit quality.

[0033] Among them, the controller controls the opening and closing states of the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve according to the detection results of the liquid level detection unit, so as to accurately control the liquid level height of the liquid supply to the upper cavity 111 of the substrate, and accurately control the closing of the liquid return valve when the upper and lower parts of the substrate are exposed to the air layer.

[0034] In this embodiment, the substrate in the upper cavity 111 of the substrate is soaked with nutrient solution to achieve liquid supply to the plants. Compared with the drip irrigation system in the related art, it has the following advantages:

[0035] (1) There is no nutrient solution drip irrigation pipeline in the planting trough, the strawberry planting and growth space is fully utilized, and the planting system is neat;

[0036] (2) The substrate in the upper cavity 111 of the substrate is gradually soaked with nutrient solution from bottom to top, which reduces evaporation during the production process, saves water and energy efficiently, and is less likely to produce pathogens and green algae on the surface of the substrate.

[0037] Specifically, the liquid level detection unit includes at least the following two embodiments:

[0038] (1) The liquid level detection unit includes a liquid level detection member to detect the liquid level height in the planting tank 10 by directly detecting the liquid level;

[0039] (2) The liquid level detection unit includes an overflow flowmeter and a reflux flowmeter. An overflow port is set at a preset water level of the planting trough 10, and an overflow flowmeter is set at the overflow port. The reflux flowmeter is set at the reflux port. When the liquid supply valve is opened, the overflow flowmeter is used to detect whether overflow occurs at the overflow port, so as to indirectly detect whether the liquid level in the planting trough 10 reaches the preset water level. When the return valve is opened, the reflux flowmeter is used to detect whether the flow at the reflux port is cut off, so as to indirectly detect whether the liquid level in the planting trough 10 drops to the point where the substrate is no longer soaked.

[0040] In this embodiment, the controller adopts PLC.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the planting trough 10 has a liquid supply mark 14, and the liquid supply mark 14 is higher than the filtrate plate 20. When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough 10 is greater than or equal to the liquid supply mark 14, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close. When liquid is supplied to the upper cavity 111 of the substrate, when the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough 10 is greater than or equal to the liquid supply mark 14, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close. Since the liquid supply mark 14 is higher than the filtrate plate 20, the substrate in the upper cavity 111 of the substrate can be soaked with nutrient solution.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, the planting trough 10 also has an intermittent mark position 15, and the intermittent mark position 15 is lower than the filtrate plate 20. When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough 10 is lower than or equal to the intermittent mark position 15, the controller controls the liquid return valve to close. After the liquid supply stops, the liquid return valve is opened. When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough 10 is lower than or equal to the intermittent mark position 15, the controller controls the liquid return valve to close. Since the intermittent mark position 15 is lower than the filtrate plate 20, the substrate is exposed to the air layer from top to bottom, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrient solution and breathing ventilation by the strawberry roots.

[0043] In this embodiment, the planting device also includes a timing component, and the controller is connected to the timing component signal to control the opening and closing state of the liquid supply valve and the opening and closing state of the liquid return valve according to the timing signal of the timing component. When the liquid level in the planting cavity 11 rises to the preset water level, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close. At this time, the timing component is timed according to the preset soaking time, and the nutrient solution soaks the matrix in the upper cavity 111 of the matrix. After the timing component is timed to a certain point, the controller controls the liquid return valve to open. When the liquid level in the planting cavity 11 drops to the intermittent mark position 15, the controller controls the liquid return valve to close. At this time, the timing component is timed according to the preset intermittent time. After the timing component is timed to a certain point, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to open and supply liquid to the upper cavity 111 of the matrix again. The planting device periodically performs a "liquid supply-immersion-liquid return-intermittent" cycle according to actual planting needs.

[0044] Among them, the liquid supply mark 14, the intermittent mark 15, the soaking time and the intermittent time of the planting device during the entire life cycle of strawberry growth can be scientifically, reasonably and flexibly adjusted according to actual needs such as the growth stage, temperature, climate and season.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the planting trough 10 also has an overflow port 16 connected to the planting cavity 11, and the lowest point of the overflow port 16 is flush with the liquid supply mark 14. The planting device also includes a liquid storage tank, the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid supply pipe, and the inlet of the liquid storage tank is respectively connected to the overflow port 16 and the liquid return pipe. After the liquid level in the planting trough 10 is higher than the liquid supply mark 14, the nutrient solution in the planting trough 10 overflows through the overflow port 16 to prevent the nutrient solution in the planting trough 10 from submerging the plants, and the nutrient solution is stored or prepared by the liquid storage tank, and the inlet of the liquid storage tank is respectively connected to the overflow port 16 and the liquid return pipe to recover the nutrient solution overflowed and returned from the planting trough 10, saving costs.

[0046] In this embodiment, the overflow port 16 is provided with a filter screen to prevent the upper layer 41 of the nutrient soil from overflowing and being lost along with the nutrient solution. The filter screen is connected to the planting trough by bonding or threading.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the planting device further includes a plurality of pillars 30, which are evenly arranged in the planting cavity 11, the pillars 30 extend vertically, the lower ends of the pillars 30 are connected to the planting trough 10, and the filtrate plate 20 is set on the upper ends of the pillars 30. The use of a plurality of pillars 30 to support the filtrate plate 20 can improve the structural strength of the matrix in the upper cavity 111 of the matrix supported by the filtrate plate 20.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the support 30 is dumbbell-shaped, and the diameter of the support 30 decreases first and then increases from bottom to top. On the premise that the volume of the lower breathing chamber 112 occupied by the support 30 remains unchanged, the contact area between the support 30 and the filtrate plate 20 and the contact area between the support 30 and the planting trough 10 are increased, and the pressure of the support 30 on the filtrate plate 20 and the planting trough 10 is reduced.

[0049] In this embodiment, the support column 30 and the planting trough 10 are formed in an integral structure, which simplifies the processing and equipment and improves the structural strength of the connection between the support column 30 and the planting trough 10.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the diameter of the liquid supply pipe is the same as that of the liquid return pipe, and the planting tank 10 has a liquid supply joint 17 and a liquid return joint 18. The liquid supply joint 17 is arranged at the liquid supply port 12, and the liquid return joint 18 is arranged at the liquid return port 13. The liquid return joint 18 is arranged higher than the liquid supply joint 17. When the liquid return valve and the liquid supply valve are both opened, the nutrient solution in the planting tank 10 is low-in and high-out, so as to fully replace the old nutrient solution stored intermittently.

[0051] In this embodiment, when liquid is supplied to the upper cavity 111 of the matrix, since the diameter of the liquid supply pipe is the same as the diameter of the liquid return pipe, the liquid return joint 18 is arranged higher than the liquid supply joint 17, so that the flow rate of the liquid supply pipe is greater than the flow rate of the liquid return pipe. By using the flow rate difference between the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, the time taken for the liquid level in the implant cavity 11 to rise to the liquid supply marking position 14 can be calculated. The controller controls the timing part to perform timing according to the time calculated above. After the timing part reaches the timing point, the controller controls the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve to close.

[0052] In this embodiment, both the liquid supply connector 17 and the liquid return connector 18 are PVC quick connectors (single-head direct with thread), which facilitates quick disassembly and assembly of the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, is simple to operate, and the connection between the liquid supply pipe and the liquid supply connector 17 and the connection between the liquid return pipe and the liquid return connector 18 have good sealing properties.

[0053] In this embodiment, the intermittent marking position 15 is flush with the upper end of the liquid return joint 18, and the height of the intermittent marking position 15 cannot be adjusted during the planting cycle.

[0054] In this embodiment, the liquid return pipe is detachably connected to the liquid return joint 18, the planting device further includes a detachable sewage pipe, and the liquid return port 13 has a planting state connected to the liquid return pipe and a cleaning state connected to the sewage pipe. When the planting device is cleaned during strawberry crop change, the liquid return port 13 is connected to the sewage pipe to flush the planting cavity 11, and the sewage in the planting cavity 11 is discharged using the sewage pipe. When the planting device is used for planting, the liquid return port 13 is connected to the liquid return pipe so that the nutrient solution in the planting cavity 11 can flow back to the liquid storage tank through the reflux pipe.

[0055] In this embodiment, the liquid supply pipe, the liquid return pipe and the sewage pipe are all made of PVC pipes.

[0056] In this embodiment, the planting cavity 11 adopts a first inverted frustum structure, and the filtrate plate 20 adopts a second inverted frustum structure, and the inner wall of the planting cavity 11 is matched with the outer wall of the filtrate plate 20. The planting cavity 11 and the filtrate plate 20 of the above structure are convenient for quick disassembly and assembly of the planting cavity 11 and the filtrate plate 20. When installing the filtrate plate 20, it is only necessary to place the filtrate plate 20 horizontally in the planting cavity 11, and the filtrate plate 20 slides down under its own gravity and external pressure until the inner wall of the planting cavity 11 and the outer wall of the filtrate plate 20 fit together.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the filtrate through hole 21 is in a strip-shaped structure extending in the transverse direction.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, the filtrate through holes 21 penetrate the filtrate plate 20 obliquely relative to the vertical direction, and the filtrate plate 20 is provided with 30 filtrate through holes 21 arranged in an array of five rows and six columns.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the upper surface of the filtrate plate 20 has an annular rib 22, which is arranged around the filtrate through hole 21. The annular rib 22 can strengthen the structural strength of the filter plate and prevent the filtrate through hole 21 from being blocked by the backflow precipitation.

[0060] like Figure 1As shown, the planting device also includes a matrix layer 40, which is filled in the upper matrix cavity 111. The matrix layer 40 includes a nutrient soil upper layer 41 and a filter lower layer 42 located below the nutrient soil upper layer 41. With the above-mentioned matrix layer 40, the nutrient soil upper layer 41 plays a role of fixing and supporting the strawberry plants, while absorbing and storing nutrient solution to maintain the long-term nutrient supply of the strawberries, and the filter lower layer 42 filters the return liquid from the upper matrix cavity 111 to the breathing lower cavity 112 to prevent the loss of the nutrient soil upper layer 41, and the air in the breathing lower cavity 112 can contact the roots of the plants through the filtrate port and the pores of the filter lower layer 42, which plays a filtering and ventilation effect, and has excellent water and ventilation effects while meeting the requirements of water retention and fertilizer conservation, greatly reducing the incidence of diseases and insect pests during strawberry planting, and achieving early maturity and increased yield while ensuring fruit quality.

[0061] In this embodiment, the liquid supply mark 14 is located in the upper layer 41 of the nutrient soil. The upper layer 41 of the nutrient soil alternately absorbs the nutrient solution, so that the strawberry roots alternately absorb water, air and fertilizer, and the nutrient supply is uniform.

[0062] In this embodiment, the strawberry plants are planted in the matrix layer 40 using a triangular positioning planting method, which increases the planting amount, improves the space utilization rate of the planting trough 10, and is beneficial to improving ventilation and lighting effects.

[0063] The upper layer 41 of nutrient soil is made of coconut husk, peat, fly ash, etc. to play the role of fixed support and nutrient absorption and supply. The lower filter layer 42 is made of vermiculite, perlite, etc. In this embodiment, the lower filter layer 42 uses solid waste slag from thermal power plants to achieve resource recycling and sustainable development of industrial solid waste in agricultural production, reduce costs and increase efficiency, and also play the role of filtering and ventilation.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the planting device also includes a liquid supply pump, which is arranged on the liquid supply pipe. The liquid supply pump pumps the prepared nutrient solution from the liquid storage tank into the liquid supply pipe according to the set pressure value, and maintains the liquid supply pressure at the set pressure value (the liquid supply pump will automatically start when the liquid supply pressure decreases, and stop until the liquid supply pressure reaches the set pressure value).

[0065] In addition, the controller controls the opening and closing state of the liquid supply valve according to the timing signal of the timing member, and can realize quantitative liquid supply by controlling the opening time of the liquid supply valve under the premise that the set pressure value of the liquid supply pump remains unchanged.

[0066] In this embodiment, the liquid supply pump adopts an intelligent constant pressure variable frequency water pump, so that the liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution at a constant water pressure.

[0067] In this embodiment, both the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve are electromagnetic valves.

[0068] In this embodiment, the planting trough 10 and the filtrate plate 20 are both made of ABS material. The upper end of the planting trough 10 is provided with a mounting barb, and the mounting barb is arranged on the outer side of the planting trough 10 .

[0069] The application of the planting device provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0070] (1) The planting device circulates the supply of nutrient solution, which is highly efficient, energy-saving and water-saving. The nutrient solution components are fully mixed, the dissolved oxygen content of the nutrient solution is high, the air around the strawberry roots is sufficient, and the strawberry roots breathe fully. While ensuring the supply of water and fertilizer, the air and humidity around the strawberry roots are fully guaranteed. The nutrition of the strawberry is more balanced during growth, and root diseases are reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of maintaining quality and increasing yield.

[0071] (2) The filter lower layer 42 uses solid waste slag from thermal power plants to achieve resource recycling and sustainable development of industrial solid waste in agricultural production, reduce costs and increase efficiency, and at the same time achieve a filtering and ventilation effect;

[0072] (3) The porous structure of the solid waste slag from the thermal power plant can filter and disinfect the return liquid from the upper cavity 111 of the matrix to the lower cavity 112 of the breathing cavity;

[0073] (4) When the strawberries are replaced, the substrate layer 40 of the planting device is replaced. The replaced substrate layer 40 can be reused after being sterilized and disinfected, thereby reducing costs;

[0074] (5) The implant device has a long service life and the materials are safe and healthy;

[0075] (6) The investment and operation costs of the planting device are low, and the application market and promotion prospects are broad. In addition to being suitable for solar greenhouses and glass greenhouses, it can also be used for strawberry planting in artificial light plant factories;

[0076] (7) The planting process of the planting device is scientific and intelligent, and the construction, installation, operation and maintenance are simple;

[0077] (8) The structural design of the planting device is novel and visionary, which is conducive to future mechanization.

[0078] The embodiment of the present invention provides a planting method for substrate cultivation, which can be applied to the planting device provided above, and the planting method includes:

[0079] The liquid supply valve is opened, and the liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution to the planting cavity 11 through the liquid supply port;

[0080] When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting cavity 11 rises to a preset water level, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close;

[0081] Open the liquid return valve, and the nutrient solution in the planting cavity 11 is discharged through the liquid return pipe;

[0082] When the liquid level detection unit detects that the nutrient solution in the planting cavity 11 no longer soaks the substrate, the controller controls the liquid return valve to close.

[0083] When applying the planting method provided in this embodiment, when supplying liquid to the upper cavity 111 of the substrate, the liquid supply valve is first opened, and the liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution to the planting cavity 11 through the liquid supply port to increase the liquid level in the planting cavity 11. In this process, the liquid level detection unit is used to detect the liquid level height in the planting trough 10. When the liquid level in the planting cavity 11 rises to a preset water level, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close, soaking the substrate in the upper cavity 111 of the substrate to achieve liquid supply to the plant. It should be noted that the matrix in the upper cavity 111 of the matrix will not be immersed in the nutrient solution all the time. After the liquid supply stops, the return valve is opened, and the nutrient solution in the planting trough 10 is discharged from the planting cavity 11 through the return pipe until the nutrient solution in the planting trough 10 no longer soaks the matrix. The controller controls the return valve to close, and the strawberries absorb the stored nutrients through the matrix to maintain a long-term nutrient supply demand (the nutrient solution absorbed by the matrix moves upward under the action of transpiration and the strawberry root system, and the humidity distribution of the matrix is ​​maintained while supplying the strawberries for absorption). At this time, when the matrix is ​​exposed to the air layer from top to bottom, it is beneficial for the strawberry roots to absorb the nutrient solution and breathe and ventilate, reduce root diseases, increase strawberry yield, save energy and water, and achieve early maturity and increased yield while ensuring fruit quality.

[0084] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0085] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0086] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0087] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0088] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting device for substrate cultivation, characterized in that: The planting device comprises: A planting trough (10) comprising a planting cavity (11) and a liquid supply port (12) and a liquid return port (13) connected to the planting cavity (11), wherein the liquid supply port (12) and the liquid return port (13) are both arranged at the bottom of the planting trough (10); a filtrate plate (20) disposed transversely in the planting trough (10) and located above the liquid supply port (12) and the liquid return port (13) so as to separate the planting cavity (11) into an upper matrix cavity (111) and a lower breathing cavity (112) located below the upper matrix cavity (111); the filtrate plate (20) having a filtrate through hole (21) communicating the upper matrix cavity (111) and the lower breathing cavity (112); a liquid supply pipe, connected to the liquid supply port (12); A liquid return pipe, connected to the liquid return port (13); A control component comprises a liquid supply valve, a liquid return valve, a liquid level detection unit and a controller, wherein the liquid supply valve is arranged on the liquid supply pipe, the liquid return valve is arranged on the liquid return pipe, and the liquid level detection unit is arranged on the planting trough (10). The controller is respectively connected to the liquid level detection unit, the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve signal to control the opening and closing states of the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve according to the detection results of the liquid level detection unit.

2. The planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting trough (10) has a liquid supply mark position (14), and the liquid supply mark position (14) is higher than the filtrate plate (20). When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough (10) is greater than or equal to the liquid supply mark position (14), the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close.

3. The planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The planting trough (10) further comprises an intermittent marking position (15), wherein the intermittent marking position (15) is lower than the filtrate plate (20), and when the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting trough (10) is lower than or equal to the intermittent marking position (15), the controller controls the liquid return valve to close.

4. The planting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The planting device further comprises a timing component, and the controller is connected to the timing component signal to control the opening and closing states of the liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve according to the timing signal of the timing component.

5. The planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The planting trough (10) further comprises an overflow port (16) which is in communication with the planting cavity (11), and the lowest point of the overflow port (16) is flush with the liquid supply mark position (14); The planting device further comprises a liquid storage tank, the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid supply pipe, and the inlet of the liquid storage tank is respectively connected to the overflow port (16) and the liquid return pipe; and / or, The overflow port (16) is provided with a filter screen.

6. The planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting device further comprises a plurality of pillars (30), wherein the plurality of pillars (30) are evenly arranged in the planting cavity (11), the pillars (30) extend vertically, the lower ends of the pillars (30) are connected to the planting trough (10), and the filtrate plate (20) is mounted on the upper ends of the pillars (30).

7. The planting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support (30) is dumbbell-shaped, and the diameter of the support (30) decreases first and then increases from bottom to top; and / or, The support column (30) and the planting trough (10) are of an integrally formed structure.

8. The planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the liquid supply pipe is the same as the diameter of the liquid return pipe, the planting trough (10) has a liquid supply joint (17) and a liquid return joint (18), the liquid supply joint (17) is arranged at the liquid supply port (12), the liquid return joint (18) is arranged at the liquid return port (13), and the liquid return joint (18) is arranged higher than the liquid supply joint (17); or, The liquid return pipe is detachably connected to the liquid return joint (18), the planting device further comprises a detachable sewage pipe, and the liquid return port (13) has a planting state connected to the liquid return pipe and a cleaning state connected to the sewage pipe; or, The planting cavity (11) adopts a first inverted frustum structure, the filtrate plate (20) adopts a second inverted frustum structure, and the inner wall of the planting cavity (11) and the outer wall of the filtrate plate (20) are matched.

9. The planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtrate through hole (21) is in a strip-shaped structure extending in the transverse direction; and / or, The upper surface of the filtrate plate (20) is provided with an annular rib (22), and the annular rib (22) is arranged around the filtrate through hole (21).

10. The planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting device further comprises a substrate layer (40), wherein the substrate layer (40) is filled in the substrate upper cavity (111), and the substrate layer (40) comprises a nutrient soil upper layer (41) and a filtration lower layer (42) located below the nutrient soil upper layer (41); The filtering lower layer (42) is made of solid waste slag from a thermal power plant; The planting device further comprises a liquid supply pump, and the liquid supply pump is arranged on the liquid supply pipe; The liquid supply valve and the liquid return valve both adopt electromagnetic valves.

11. A planting method for substrate cultivation, characterized in that: The planting method can be applied to the planting device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and the planting method comprises: The liquid supply valve is opened, and the liquid supply pipe supplies nutrient solution to the planting cavity (11) through the liquid supply port; When the liquid level detection unit detects that the liquid level in the planting cavity (11) rises to a preset water level, the controller controls the liquid supply valve to close; The liquid return valve is opened, and the nutrient solution in the planting cavity (11) is discharged through the liquid return pipe; When the liquid level detection unit detects that the nutrient solution in the planting cavity (11) no longer soaks the substrate, the controller controls the liquid return valve to close.

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