Column head viscosity adjusting solution and method for improving banana pollination rate

Abstract

The invention provides a stigma viscosity adjusting solution and a method for improving the pollination rate of bananas, and belongs to the technical field of banana breeding. The stigma viscosity adjusting solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008 to 0.012 percent of boric acid, 5 to 7 percent of cane sugar, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.008 to 0.012 percent of potassium nitrate and the balance of water. The stigma viscosity adjusting solution can provide a material basis required by banana pollen germination, promote pollen germination and elongation, increase stigma viscosity and facilitate adhesion of more pollen, and before banana pollination, the stigma viscosity adjusting solution is sprayed to female parent plant stigmas, so that more hybrid seeds can be obtained. The method can be widely applied to banana breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of banana breeding, in particular to a stigma viscosity regulating solution and a method for improving banana pollination rate. Background Art

[0002] Banana is a plant of the genus Musa in the family Musaceae, and also refers to its fruit. It is native to southeastern Asia and is now cultivated in many regions. Bananas are fragrant and nutritious. The plant is a large herb that grows from rhizomes and forms a false stem 3-6 meters high from the lower part of the leaf sheath; the leaves are oblong to elliptical, 65 cm wide, and 10-20 clustered at the top of the stem. The spike inflorescence droops and emerges from the top of the false stem. The flowers are numerous and light yellow; the infructescence is curved and droops, and the fruits are 10-20 clusters, about 50-150. The plant dies after fruiting, and the suckers that grow from the rhizomes continue to reproduce, and each plant can live for many years.

[0003] The hybrid breeding method commonly used in banana breeding is to remove the male flowers and put them in bags before flowering. When the stigma can be pollinated, the prepared male pollen is used for pollination. After pollination, the bags are continued. After 3-5 days, the pollination situation and whether the ovary can swell normally are checked, and then the bags are removed. After the fruit is ripe, the hybrid seeds are harvested. However, the hybrid seed yield is low, and many varieties of bananas cannot obtain seeds, which seriously limits the efficiency and progress of hybrid breeding. Therefore, it is of great significance to find an effective method to improve the pollination effect of bananas and increase the hybrid seed yield. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a stigma viscosity regulating solution for improving the pollination rate of banana and a method for improving the pollination rate of banana, so as to solve the problem of low yield of banana hybrid seeds in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a column head viscosity adjusting solution, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008-0.012% of boric acid, 5-7% of sucrose, 0.02-0.04% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.008-0.012% of potassium nitrate and the balance of water.

[0007] Preferably, the pH of the column viscosity adjusting solution is 6.5 to 7.5.

[0008] The invention also provides application of the stigma viscosity regulating solution in banana breeding.

[0009] The present invention also provides a hybridization method for improving the pollination rate of bananas, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Select the male parent plant with complete stamens as the sampling plant, collect the inflorescence pollen on the day of pollination, dry and sterilize it, and then store it in a refrigerator;

[0011] S2. preparing the stigma viscosity adjusting solution;

[0012] S3. 1 to 3 days before the flowering of the mother plant, spraying the stigma with the stigma viscosity adjustment solution, and then applying pollen;

[0013] S4. After the fruits are ripe, pick them and get banana seeds.

[0014] Preferably, pollen is collected between 5 am and 7 am, and the outermost fresh male inflorescence pollen is collected.

[0015] Preferably, the period of hybrid pollination is from August to October, and the pollination time is from 16:00 to 18:00.

[0016] Preferably, the hybrid female parent is plantain, and the hybrid male parent is wild banana from South China.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the stigma viscosity regulating solution of the present invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008-0.012% boric acid, 5-7% sucrose, 0.02-0.04% calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.008-0.012% potassium nitrate, and the balance water. The stigma viscosity regulating solution of the present invention can provide the material basis required for the germination of banana pollen, promote the germination and elongation of pollen, and at the same time increase the viscosity of the stigma, so as to facilitate the adhesion of more pollen. Before banana pollination, spraying the stigma viscosity regulating solution on the stigma of the female plant can obtain more hybrid seeds, and can be widely used in banana breeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The female flowers are in an open state suitable for pollination - the bracts begin to turn upwards, the stigma is exposed and begins to secrete a small amount of mucus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The invention provides a column head viscosity regulating solution, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008-0.012% of boric acid, 5-7% of sucrose, 0.02-0.04% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.008-0.012% of potassium nitrate and the balance of water.

[0020] In the stigma viscosity regulating solution for improving the pollination rate of bananas of the present invention, the percentage of boric acid is 0.008-0.012%, more preferably 0.009-0.011%, and more preferably 0.01%;

[0021] The percentage of sucrose is 5-7%, more preferably 5.5-6.5%, and more preferably 6%;

[0022] The percentage of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate is 0.02-0.04%, more preferably 0.03%;

[0023] The content of potassium nitrate is 0.008 to 0.012%, more preferably 0.009 to 0.011%, and even more preferably 0.01%.

[0024] The pH of the column viscosity adjustment solution is 6.5 to 7.5, more preferably 6.8 to 7.2, and even more preferably 7.0.

[0025] The present invention also provides a hybridization method for improving the pollination rate of bananas, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Select the male parent plant with complete stamens as the sampling plant, collect the inflorescence pollen on the day of pollination, dry and sterilize it, and then store it in a refrigerator;

[0027] S2. preparing the stigma viscosity adjusting solution;

[0028] S3. 1 to 3 days before the flowering of the mother plant, spraying the stigma with the stigma viscosity adjustment solution, and then applying pollen;

[0029] S4. After the fruits are ripe, pick them and get banana seeds.

[0030] The present invention first selects a male plant with complete male stamens as a sampling plant, collects inflorescence pollen on the day of pollination, and stores it in a cold storage after drying and sterilization; the male plant is preferably a male plant with good growth, and the pollen is preferably collected between 5 and 7 in the morning to ensure pollen vitality, and preferably collects the outermost layer of fresh male inflorescence pollen, which is dried and sterilized after being collected and stored in a cold storage temperature of -80°C.

[0031] After collecting male flower pollen, the present invention prepares a stigma viscosity regulating solution, and sprays the stigma with the stigma viscosity regulating solution 1 to 3 days before the female plant blooms. At this time, the stigma of the female plant has little viscous material or has not yet begun to secrete viscous material. When spraying, the female flower bracts and female flower petals are rolled up to expose the stigma, and the spray is aimed at the stigma, and then the pollen is applied to the stigma. Due to the adhesion of the viscous material, the amount of pollen adhered to the stigma will be greatly increased. The stigma viscosity regulating solution has two functions: first, increasing the viscosity of the stigma to facilitate the adhesion of more pollen; second, providing the material basis required for pollen germination and promoting the elongation of pollen germination. After spraying and applying the pollen, sulfuric acid paper and a plastic elastic sleeve should be put on to prevent rain and sunburn. The sulfuric acid paper can prevent not too heavy rain from scouring the stigma, and the plastic elastic sleeve can reduce the loss of water. The time for applying pollen is 16:00 to 18:00 every day, and the period of pollination is April to May every year. Pollen collection and pollination are preferably carried out on sunny days.

[0032] The hybrid female parent of the invention is plantain, and the hybrid male parent is wild banana from south China.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A column head viscosity regulating solution is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01% boric acid, 6% sucrose, 0.03% calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.02% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01% potassium nitrate, and the balance water.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] A column viscosity regulating solution is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05% boric acid solution, 6% sucrose, 0.03% calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.02% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01% potassium nitrate, and the balance water.

[0038] Comparative Example 2

[0039] A column head viscosity regulating solution is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.08% boric acid, 6% sucrose, 0.03% calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.02% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01% potassium nitrate, and the balance water.

[0040] Comparative Example 3

[0041] A column head viscosity regulating solution is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01% boric acid, 12% sucrose, 0.03% calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.02% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.01% potassium nitrate.

[0042] Comparative Example 4

[0043] A column head viscosity regulating solution is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01% boric acid, 15% sucrose, 0.03% calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.02% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.01% nitric acid.

[0044] Comparative Example 5

[0045] A stigma viscosity adjusting solution, which is 6% honey water.

[0046] Experimental example

[0047] The experiment was divided into 7 groups, all of which were Musa'Dongguan Da' as the female parent and Musabalbisiana Colla as the male parent. Ten bananas were selected from each group. In mid-April 2024, a sunny day of 1 to 3 days before the flowering of the banana plants was selected to collect pollen and pollinate. The stigma was sprayed using Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 respectively. When spraying, the female bracts and petals of the female flowers were rolled up to expose the stigma, and the stigma was sprayed, and then the pollen was applied to the stigma. The control group was not treated before pollination. Except for the control and honey water, the stigma solution was sterilized at high temperature and high pressure to ensure the sterility of the stigma spray solution. After spraying and applying pollen, put on sulfuric acid paper and plastic elastic sleeves, and it can be picked after 3 months of pollination. After picking, ripen the banana fruit, and after the banana turns yellow and softens, cut it longitudinally to take seeds. Count the seeds that are mature, hard, black and dense (sinking in water). The number of seeds that can be obtained from one fruit finger in the middle fruit comb of the banana ear was counted, and the maximum and minimum values ​​were removed. The number of seeds obtained in each group is shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Statistics of the number of seeds obtained in each group

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] It can be seen from Table 1 that spraying the stigma of the female parent with the stigma viscosity adjusting solution of the present invention is beneficial to pollen germination, thereby obtaining more hybrid seeds.

[0052] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a stigma viscosity regulating solution and a method for improving the pollination rate of bananas. The stigma viscosity regulating solution of the present invention can provide the material basis required for pollen germination, promote pollen germination and elongation, and at the same time increase the viscosity of the stigma, so as to facilitate the adhesion of more pollen. Before banana pollination, spraying the stigma viscosity regulating solution on the stigma of the female plant can obtain more hybrid seeds.

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A column viscosity adjustment solution, characterized in that The invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008-0.012% of boric acid, 5-7% of sucrose, 0.02-0.04% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.008-0.012% of potassium nitrate and the balance of water.

2. The column viscosity adjusting solution according to claim 1, characterized in that The pH of the column head viscosity adjusting solution is 6.5-7.

5.

3. Use of the stigma viscosity regulating solution according to claim 1 or 2 in banana breeding.

4. A hybridization method for improving the pollination rate of bananas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select the male parent plant with complete stamens as the sampling plant, collect the inflorescence pollen on the day of pollination, dry and sterilize it, and then store it in a refrigerator; S2. Prepare the stigma viscosity adjusting solution according to claim 1; S3. 1 to 3 days before the flowering of the mother plant, spraying the stigma with the stigma viscosity adjustment solution, and then applying pollen; S4. After the fruits are ripe, pick them and get banana seeds.

5. The hybridization method according to claim 4, characterized in that Pollen collection was carried out between 5 and 7 a.m., and pollen from the outermost layer of fresh male inflorescences was collected.

6. The hybridization method according to claim 4, characterized in that The period of hybrid pollination is from April to May, and the pollination time is from 16:00 to 18:

00.

7. The hybridization method according to claim 4, characterized in that The female parent of the hybrid is banana, and the male parent of the hybrid is wild banana from South China.

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