Organic photovoltaic electronic ink formula and device preparation technology of electronic ink

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of film photovoltaics, in particular to an organic photovoltaic electronic ink formula which comprises a photovoltaic active material, a solvent and a solvent additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the photovoltaic active material, the solvent and the solvent additive, and stirring at 80-150 DEG C for more than 12 hours; according to the method, donor and acceptor solutions of four primary colors are prepared to serve as coating raw materials of an OPV effective layer, the solutions of the four colors are independently provided with feeding channels, the coated solar cell has various colors and patterns, film forming detection is carried out after coating of each functional layer is completed, the film forming uniformity is detected, and the coating quality of the OPV effective layer is improved. The method comprises the following steps of: performing supplementary coating on a film forming hole or an area with too thin film thickness, performing laser thinning on an area with too thick film forming thickness, performing evaporation or coating of a top electrode after coating of all functional layers and the above procedures, and then performing packaging to complete production of device products so as to ensure that the reject ratio is reduced to the minimum in the production process of the products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of thin-film photovoltaic technology, and in particular to an organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation and electronic ink device preparation technology. Background Art

[0002] The third generation of solar cells is also called a new type of solar cell. It mainly includes perovskite, organic thin film solar cells, dye-sensitized, and quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. This type of cell has a short development time, but has a high theoretical conversion efficiency and relatively low cost, and has great development potential. The following is some of the technical background of the third generation of solar cells: (1) Perovskite solar cells: It has the characteristics of low production cost, good weak light performance, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency; (2) Organic thin film solar cells: Its core part is the active layer that absorbs light. Organic materials are cheap and can be obtained through artificial synthesis, which makes the production cost of organic solar cells lower than that of traditional silicon-based solar cells. Organic materials have good flexibility and can be used to prepare flexible wearable thin film solar cells on flexible and foldable substrates. They can also be mass-produced through roll-to-roll processes; (3) Dye-sensitized solar cells: It is a type of solar cell based on dye sensitizers. Dye sensitizers can absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. This type of cell has the advantages of low cost, simple manufacturing process, and high efficiency; (4) Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells: Quantum dots are used as sensitizers. Quantum dots have unique quantum size effects and optical properties, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0003] Compared with traditional crystalline silicon solar cells, third-generation solar cells have greater room for efficiency improvement and lower production costs. If the current problems can be further solved and the battery efficiency can be improved, third-generation solar cells are expected to be widely used in the future. The production process and methods of third-generation solar cells vary depending on their type. The following are some common types of production processes and methods: (1) Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells: CIGS solar cells usually deposit multiple layers of thin films on a substrate by vacuum evaporation or sputtering. These films are composed of elements such as copper, indium, gallium and selenium. During the production process, the thickness and chemical composition of each layer need to be precisely controlled to ensure the performance of the battery. Subsequently, annealing and other processing steps are used to improve the crystallinity and electrical properties of the film; (2) Perovskite solar cells: The production process of perovskite solar cells is relatively simple. Generally speaking, the perovskite material is dissolved in a solvent and then spin-coated, sprayed or printed. It is deposited on the substrate to form a thin film by brushing and other methods. During the deposition process, the thickness and uniformity of the film can be controlled. Afterwards, it is necessary to dry and anneal to improve the performance and stability of the battery. (3) Quantum dot sensitized solar cells: The production of quantum dot sensitized solar cells involves the preparation and sensitization of quantum dots. Quantum dots are usually prepared by chemical synthesis or solution treatment. Then, the quantum dots are combined with conductive materials to form a quantum dot sensitization layer. This layer can be deposited on the substrate by dip coating or spin coating. Finally, the battery is completed by connecting electrodes and packaging. Overall, the main technical disadvantages of the current third-generation solar cell products are: (1) The product color and pattern are single and cannot be customized as needed; (2) Large-area uneven coating causes device defects. The above disadvantages result in low production yield and high cost. The single product color and pattern limit the use scenarios of solar cells and cannot meet more market requirements.

[0004] Therefore, in order to address the problems that the above-mentioned products have single colors and patterns, cannot be customized on demand, and have defective devices caused by uneven coating over large areas, a technology for preparing electronic devices with various colors and patterns can be designed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems of single product color and pattern, inability to customize on demand, and device defects caused by uneven coating over large areas.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: an organic photovoltaic electronic ink formula, including photovoltaic active materials, solvents and solvent additives;

[0007] The preparation steps are as follows: photovoltaic active materials, solvents and solvent additives are mixed and stirred at 80° C. to 150° C. for more than 12 hours.

[0008] Preferably, the ink color is cyan, the solvent is chloroform, the solute is Y49:Y6 (1:1.2), the material concentration is 16 mg / ml, and the viscosity is 20000 Cst.

[0009] Preferably, the ink color is magenta, the solvent is chloroform, the solute is PTQ10:Y26 (1:1.2), the material concentration is 16 mg / ml, and the viscosity is 20000 Cst.

[0010] As a preference, the ink color is red, the solvent is chloroform, and the solute is P3HT:PC 71 The BM (1:1) material concentration is 20 mg / ml and the viscosity is 20000 Cst.

[0011] Preferably, the ink color is black, the solvent is chloroform, the solute is PM6:PYIT (1:7.5), the material concentration is 14 mg / ml, and the viscosity is 20000 Cst.

[0012] A device preparation technology for organic photovoltaic electronic ink, which includes the organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation as described in any one of the above, and the device includes a glass substrate, a hole transport layer, an effective layer, an electron transport layer and a top electrode;

[0013] The steps are as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Cleaning the glass substrate;

[0015] Step 2: Install the feeding system and correctly install the container of organic photovoltaic electronic ink to the corresponding position of the coating machine;

[0016] Step 3: Functional layer coating:

[0017] (1): Select the file or image to be coated on the computer and transmit the printing data to the coating machine via a data cable or wireless network;

[0018] (2): After the coating machine receives the coating data, the control circuit accurately controls the components in the nozzle according to the data instructions, so that the solution is sprayed out from the tiny nozzle of the nozzle at the set speed, frequency and amount;

[0019] (3): The ejected ink droplets are precisely positioned on the corresponding position of the glass substrate under the action of electric field, airflow or other means;

[0020] (4): Dry the solution and wait for film formation;

[0021] (5) Performing film formation detection, performing additional coating on film formation holes or areas where the film thickness is too thin, and performing laser thinning on areas where the film thickness is too thick to obtain a hole transport layer;

[0022] (6): Repeat (1) to (6) to coat the effective layer and the electron transport layer;

[0023] Step 4: After all functional layers are coated, the film thickness is tested at 100nm. If there is a short circuit or a region that may cause a short circuit in the device due to the thin film thickness, femtosecond laser ablation is used to remove the functional layer material in the region without affecting the integrity of the substrate. The region is then filled with an insulator.

[0024] Step 5: Evaporating or coating a metal electrode on top of the functional layer;

[0025] Step 6: Pattern the device using laser etching technology.

[0026] Preferably, the glass substrate is cleaned using detergent, deionized water and isopropyl alcohol in sequence.

[0027] Preferably, the electrode thickness is 100 nm.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: first, four primary color donor and acceptor solutions are prepared as coating materials for the OPV effective layer. The four colors are usually cyan, magenta, red and black. The four color solutions have separate feeding channels. According to the customized pattern color ratio, the four primary color solutions are matched with corresponding ratios. The coated solar cells have various colors and patterns, and can be applied to various advertising signs, etc., taking into account both the display of logo content and solar power generation, and making full use of urban space to develop a green and low-carbon economy; after each functional layer is coated, a film formation test is carried out to test the uniformity of the film formation. Supplementary coating is performed on areas with film gaps or too thin film thickness, and laser thinning is performed on areas with too thick film thickness to ensure that the film formation of each functional layer maintains the greatest degree of consistency. After the coating of all functional layers is completed, the product is in a semi-finished state. At this time, film thickness detection is performed. If there is a short circuit or an area that may cause a short circuit in the device due to too thin film thickness, femtosecond laser ablation is used to remove the functional layer material in the area without affecting the integrity of the substrate. The area is then filled with an insulator. After completing the above processes, the top electrode is evaporated or coated, and then packaged to complete the device product production. Through the above processes, the defective rate in the product production process is ensured to be minimized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The device preparation process flow chart of the organic photovoltaic electronic ink of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the inkjet printing structure in the organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation and electronic ink device preparation technology of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 Shown is a thin film image prepared from four primary color solutions in the organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation and electronic ink device preparation technology of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 The front view of the product prepared by the organic photovoltaic electronic ink formula and the electronic ink device preparation technology of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 Shown is a back view of a product prepared using the organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation and electronic ink device preparation technology of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Cyan pattern drawing: First, prepare cyan organic photovoltaic electronic ink. The active layer material is Y49:Y6, the material ratio is 1:1.2, the solvent is chloroform, the additive is 1-chloronaphthalene, and the solution concentration is 16 mg / ml. After mixing the three materials, stir at 80°C for more than 12 hours. The final solution color is cyan and the solution viscosity is 20000Cst.

[0037] The above-mentioned organic photovoltaic electronic ink is used to prepare a cyan photovoltaic device. First, the glass substrate is cleaned with detergent, deionized water and isopropyl alcohol respectively, and a feeding system is installed to correctly install the container of the cyan organic photovoltaic electronic ink to the corresponding position of the coater; a full-size image is selected on the computer, and the print data is transmitted to the coater through a data cable or a wireless network; after the coater receives the coating data, the control circuit accurately controls the components in the nozzle according to the data instructions, so that the solution is ejected from the tiny nozzle of the nozzle at a set speed, frequency and amount; the ejected ink droplets are accurately positioned at the corresponding position of the coating substrate under the action of an electric field, airflow or other means; the solution is dried, and the final active layer film thickness is 100nm; a metal electrode with a thickness of 100nm is evaporated on the top of the substrate; a laser etching device etches according to a pre-set pattern, and finally a cyan pattern photovoltaic cell is obtained.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Red pattern drawing: First, red organic photovoltaic electronic ink is prepared, and the active layer material is P3HT: PC 71 BM, the material ratio is 1:1, the solvent is chloroform, there is no additive, the solution concentration is 20 mg / ml, the three materials are mixed and stirred at 80 °C for more than 12 hours, the final solution color is red, and the solution viscosity is 20000Cst.

[0040] The red photovoltaic device is prepared by using the above-mentioned organic photovoltaic electronic ink. First, the glass substrate is cleaned with detergent, deionized water and isopropyl alcohol respectively, and a feeding system is installed, and the container of the red organic photovoltaic electronic ink is correctly installed in the corresponding position of the coater; a full-size image is selected on the computer, and the print data is transmitted to the coater through a data cable or a wireless network; after the coater receives the coating data, the control circuit accurately controls the components in the nozzle according to the data instructions, so that the solution is ejected from the tiny nozzle of the nozzle at a set speed, frequency and amount; the ejected ink droplets are accurately positioned at the corresponding position of the coating substrate under the action of an electric field, airflow or other means; the solution is dried, and the final active layer film thickness is 100nm; a metal electrode with a thickness of 100nm is evaporated on the top of the substrate; a laser etching device etches according to a pre-set pattern, and finally a red pattern photovoltaic cell is obtained.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] Black pattern drawing: First, prepare cyan organic photovoltaic electronic ink. The active layer material is PM6:PY-IT, the material ratio is 1:7.5, the solvent is chloroform, the additive is 1-chloronaphthalene, and the solution concentration is 14 mg / ml. After mixing the three materials, stir at 150°C for more than 12 hours. The final solution color is black and the solution viscosity is 20000Cst.

[0043] The black photovoltaic device is prepared by using the above-mentioned organic photovoltaic electronic ink. First, the glass substrate is cleaned with detergent, deionized water and isopropyl alcohol respectively, and the feeding system is installed, and the container of cyan organic photovoltaic electronic ink is correctly installed in the corresponding position of the coater; a full-size image is selected on the computer, and the print data is transmitted to the coater through a data cable or a wireless network; after the coater receives the coating data, the control circuit accurately controls the components in the nozzle according to the data instructions, so that the solution is ejected from the tiny nozzle of the nozzle at a set speed, frequency and amount; the ejected ink droplets are accurately positioned at the corresponding position of the coating substrate under the action of an electric field, airflow or other means; the solution is dried, and the final active layer film thickness is 100nm; a metal electrode with a thickness of 100nm is evaporated on the top of the substrate; the laser etching equipment etches according to a pre-set pattern, and finally a black pattern photovoltaic cell is obtained.

[0044] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation, characterized in that: including photovoltaic active materials, solvents and solvent additives; The preparation steps are as follows: photovoltaic active materials, solvents and solvent additives are mixed and stirred at 80° C. to 150° C. for more than 12 hours.

2. The organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ink color is cyan, the solvent is chloroform, the solute is Y49:Y6 (1:1.2), the material concentration is 16 mg / ml, and the viscosity is 20000 Cst.

3. The organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ink color is magenta, the solvent is chloroform, the solute is PTQ10:Y26 (1:1.2), the material concentration is 16 mg / ml, and the viscosity is 20000 Cst.

4. The organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ink color is red, the solvent is chloroform, and the solute is P3HT:PC 71 The BM (1:1) material concentration is 20 mg / ml and the viscosity is 20000 Cst.

5. The organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ink color is black, the solvent is chloroform, the solute is PM6:PYIT (1:7.5), the material concentration is 14mg / ml, and the viscosity is 20000Cst.

6. Organic photovoltaic electronic ink device preparation technology, characterized by The device comprises an organic photovoltaic electronic ink formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the device comprises a glass substrate, a hole transport layer, an effective layer, an electron transport layer and a top electrode; The steps are as follows: Step 1: Cleaning the glass substrate; Step 2: Install the feeding system and correctly install the container of organic photovoltaic electronic ink to the corresponding position of the coating machine; Step 3: Functional layer coating: (1): Select the file or image to be coated on the computer and transmit the printing data to the coating machine via a data cable or wireless network; (2): After the coating machine receives the coating data, the control circuit accurately controls the components in the nozzle according to the data instructions, so that the solution is sprayed out from the tiny nozzle of the nozzle at the set speed, frequency and amount; (3): The ejected ink droplets are precisely positioned on the corresponding position of the glass substrate under the action of electric field, airflow or other means; (4): Dry the solution and wait for film formation; (5) Performing film formation detection, performing additional coating on film formation holes or areas where the film thickness is too thin, and performing laser thinning on areas where the film thickness is too thick to obtain a hole transport layer; (6): Repeat (1) to (6) to coat the effective layer and the electron transport layer; Step 4: After all functional layers are coated, the film thickness is tested at 100nm. If there is a short circuit or a region that may cause a short circuit in the device due to the thin film thickness, femtosecond laser ablation is used to remove the functional layer material in the region without affecting the integrity of the substrate. The region is then filled with an insulator. Step 5: Evaporating or coating a metal electrode on top of the functional layer; Step 6: Pattern the device using laser etching technology.

7. The device preparation technology of organic photovoltaic electronic ink according to claim 6, characterized in that: The glass substrate was cleaned using detergent, deionized water and isopropyl alcohol in sequence.

8. The device preparation technology of organic photovoltaic electronic ink according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrode thickness is 100 nm.

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