A miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of quantum secure communication technology, and discloses a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise, the generator includes a spatial quantum entropy source module and an electronics module, the spatial quantum entropy source module includes two lasers, two half-wave plates, three polarization beam splitters, two right-angle prisms and two photodetectors; the electronics module includes an analog-to-digital converter for collecting electrical signals and generating initial random bits; and a post-processing module for processing the initial random bits and generating true random numbers. Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes random phase fluctuations between two independent lasers, realizes polarization interference between different components of the two lasers through a basic structure composed of three polarization beam splitters, and can perform multi-channel output through spatial multiplexing, thereby exponentially increasing the random number generation rate; using a device with a small block crystal structure, miniaturization integration can be achieved, and reliability and stability can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of quantum secure communication, and in particular to a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of social economy, random numbers have played an increasingly important role in information security, simulation and other fields. Quantum random number generator (QRNG) generates true random numbers based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics and the true random characteristics of the quantum world. The quantum phase fluctuation of laser spontaneous radiation is the most commonly used quantum optical principle of QRNG. Its randomness comes from the random phase fluctuation contained in the light signal generated by the laser spontaneous radiation process. Generally, the phase fluctuation is converted into light intensity fluctuation and detected by a photoelectric detector to obtain the original random bits. The random numbers generated after post-processing are completely unpredictable, so it has true randomness and is also a relatively mature quantum random number generation scheme currently studied.

[0003] The existing random number generator scheme based on the phase fluctuation of laser spontaneous radiation generally adopts a continuous light source, and an unequal arm interferometer is required to realize the delayed self-interference of the light source, and convert the phase fluctuation of the light source into intensity fluctuation. However, the unequal arm interferometer structure is unstable. Due to the phase drift between its long and short arms, phase compensation is required to maintain the stability of interference. It is necessary to monitor the light intensity through a single photodetector for phase feedback control, such as patents CN108762723A and CN114579082B. Another prior art uses a pulsed light source, using the characteristics of random phases of different light pulses generated by the light source, and measures the interference results between different pulses through an unequal arm interferometer to convert the random phase into random light intensity to generate random numbers, such as patents CN109240645A and CN205334452U. However, since there is a certain correlation between the phases of adjacent light pulses generated by the laser in this scheme, and the difference in the arm length of the interferometer is required to be greater than the coherence length.

[0004] Patent CN115373632A uses two independent lasers and a polarization-maintaining beam splitter to combine two optical pulses with mutually perpendicular polarizations, and then implements interference measurement on the polarization beam splitter by means of rotational coupling, which can eliminate the phase correlation between the pulses. However, this solution still has some problems. On the one hand, the polarization-maintaining beam splitter is used to combine two pulses of light propagating along the fast axis and slow axis of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, which requires the polarization-maintaining beam splitter to work in two axes and have a high polarization extinction ratio, otherwise it will affect the subsequent interference effect; on the other hand, when the random number generation rate cannot meet the requirements, its scalability is poor. For example, the solution disclosed in CN114756204B can be used to split the two laser signals separately and then interfere, which can double the random number generation rate. If further expansion is required, only one more set of the same devices can be added to work in parallel to increase the generation rate to 4 times that of the original solution, which will greatly increase the complexity of the system and is not conducive to expansion, integration and practical promotion. Patent CN116719509B has high scalability, but due to the use of optical fiber devices, the volume will increase exponentially after expansion, making it difficult to achieve miniaturization. In addition, this solution uses pulsed lasers, which have high requirements for laser control circuits and require strict control of the internal optical fiber length, increasing the complexity and cost of the system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above defects in the prior art, the present invention proposes a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0007] A miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise, comprising a spatial quantum entropy source module and an electronics module, wherein the spatial quantum entropy source module comprises a first laser, a second laser, a first half-wave plate, a second half-wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a third polarization beam splitter, a first right-angle prism, a second right-angle prism, a first photodetector and a second photodetector; the electronics module comprises an analog-to-digital converter and a post-processing module;

[0008] The polarization beam splitting interfaces of the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter;

[0009] The second interface of the first polarization beam splitter and the fourth interface of the second polarization beam splitter are respectively attached to two surfaces of the first half-wave plate;

[0010] The second interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the second interface of the third polarization beam splitter are respectively attached to two surfaces of the second half-wave plate;

[0011] The interfaces where the long sides of the first right-angle prism and the second right-angle prism are located correspond to the third interface and the first interface of the second polarization beam splitter respectively;

[0012] The first laser and the second laser are used to generate vertically polarized optical signals;

[0013] The optical signal generated by the first laser is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter to become the first optical signal, which is reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface and then vertically passes through the first half-wave plate;

[0014] The optical signal generated by the second laser is vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter to become the second optical signal, which is reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface and then vertically passes through the second half-wave plate;

[0015] The main axis directions of the first half-wave plate and the second half-wave plate are at an angle of 22.5° to the horizontal polarization direction, and are used to rotate the polarization of the first optical signal and the second optical signal by 45° respectively;

[0016] The vertical polarization component of the first optical signal is sequentially reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the first right-angle prism, and then intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the second optical signal at a point on the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a first synthetic optical signal;

[0017] The vertical polarization component of the second optical signal is sequentially reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the second right-angle prism, and then intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the first optical signal at another point of the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a second synthetic optical signal;

[0018] The first photodetector and the second photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the first synthetic optical signal and the second synthetic optical signal respectively;

[0019] The analog-to-digital converter is used to collect the electrical signals output by the first photodetector and the second photodetector to generate initial random bits;

[0020] The post-processing module is used to process the initial random bits to generate true random numbers.

[0021] Preferably, the spatial quantum entropy source further includes a third half-wave plate, a fourth half-wave plate, a first beam shifter, a second beam shifter, a fifth half-wave plate, a sixth half-wave plate, a third photodetector, and a fourth photodetector.

[0022] The main axis directions of the third half-wave plate and the fourth half-wave plate are at an angle of 22.5° to the horizontal polarization direction, and are used to rotate the polarization of the optical signal generated by the first laser and the optical signal generated by the second laser by 45° respectively;

[0023] The first beam shifter is used to split the optical signal generated by the first laser after being polarized by 45° into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel, wherein the horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through a fifth half-wave plate whose main axis direction and the horizontal polarization direction have an angle of 45°, and becomes a vertical polarization, becoming a first optical signal; the vertical polarization component is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter, and becomes a third optical signal;

[0024] The second beam shifter is used to split the optical signal generated by the second laser after being polarized by 45° into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel, wherein the horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through a sixth half-wave plate whose main axis direction and the horizontal polarization direction have an angle of 45°, and becomes vertically polarized, and is vertically incident on the first interface to become a fourth optical signal; the vertical polarization component is used as the second optical signal;

[0025] The third optical signal and the first combined optical signal intersect at the polarization beam splitting interface of the first polarization beam splitter;

[0026] The fourth optical signal and the second combined optical signal intersect at a polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter;

[0027] The vertical polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the first right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate to generate a third synthetic optical signal;

[0028] The vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the second right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate, to generate a fourth synthetic optical signal;

[0029] The fourth photodetector and the third photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the third synthetic optical signal and the fourth synthetic optical signal, respectively.

[0030] Preferably, the spatial quantum entropy source further includes a third photodetector, a fourth photodetector, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a first reflector, and a second reflector.

[0031] The first beam splitter is used to split the optical signal generated by the first laser into two components with equal intensity, one of which is used as the first optical signal; the other component is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter after being reflected by the first reflector to become the third optical signal;

[0032] The second beam splitter is used to split the optical signal generated by the second laser into two components with equal intensity, one of which is vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter to become the fourth optical signal; the other component is reflected by the second reflector to become the second optical signal;

[0033] The third optical signal and the first combined optical signal intersect at the polarization beam splitting interface of the first polarization beam splitter;

[0034] The fourth optical signal and the second combined optical signal intersect at a polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter;

[0035] The vertical polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the first right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate to generate a third synthetic optical signal;

[0036] The vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the second right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate, to generate a fourth synthetic optical signal;

[0037] The fourth photodetector and the third photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the third synthetic optical signal and the fourth synthetic optical signal, respectively.

[0038] Preferably, the spatial quantum entropy source further includes a third beam splitter, a fourth beam splitter, a fifth beam splitter, a sixth beam splitter, a third reflector, a fourth reflector, a fifth photodetector, a sixth photodetector, a seventh photodetector, and an eighth photodetector.

[0039] The third beam splitter is used to split one of the components generated by the first beam splitter again to generate a first light signal and a fifth light signal reflected by the third reflector; the fourth beam splitter is used to split the other component generated by the first beam splitter again to generate a third light signal and a sixth light signal;

[0040] The fifth beam splitter is used to split one of the components generated by the second beam splitter again to generate a fourth light signal and a seventh light signal reflected by the fourth reflector; the sixth beam splitter is used to split the other component generated by the first reflector again to generate a second light signal and an eighth light signal;

[0041] The fifth optical signal and the eighth optical signal undergo similar interactions as the first optical signal and the second optical signal to generate a fifth composite optical signal and a sixth composite optical signal, respectively;

[0042] The sixth optical signal and the seventh optical signal undergo similar interactions as the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal to generate a seventh composite optical signal and an eighth composite optical signal, respectively;

[0043] The fifth photodetector, the sixth photodetector, the seventh photodetector and the eighth photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the seventh synthesized light signal, the fifth synthesized light signal, the sixth synthesized light signal and the eighth synthesized light signal, respectively.

[0044] Preferably, the wavelength difference between the first laser and the second laser is smaller than their 3dB line widths.

[0045] Preferably, the distance between the first interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the interface corresponding to the long side of the second right-angle prism can be adjusted as required.

[0046] Preferably, it also includes two other lasers and a corresponding number of detectors located on the same plane, the plane is parallel to the plane where the first laser, the second laser and the aforementioned photodetector are located, and the connection lines between each device and the corresponding device are perpendicular to the plane, and the optical signal transmission optical path generated by the other two lasers is parallel to the corresponding optical path.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] The present invention proposes a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise, which utilizes random phase fluctuations between two independent lasers to realize polarization interference between different components of the two lasers through a basic structure composed of three polarization beam splitters, and can perform multi-path output through spatial multiplexing, thereby exponentially increasing the random number generation rate and having high scalability; using a device with a small block crystal structure, miniaturized integration can be achieved, thereby reducing the volume of the quantum random number generator and improving reliability and stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the interface of the polarization beam splitter of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a principle block diagram of Embodiment 1 of a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a principle block diagram of Embodiment 2 of a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a principle block diagram of Embodiment 3 of a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5This is a principle block diagram of Embodiment 4 of the miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the interface of the polarization beam splitter. Figure 2 As shown, a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise includes a spatial quantum entropy source module and an electronics module, wherein the spatial quantum entropy source module includes a first laser 1, a second laser 2, a first half-wave plate 3, a second half-wave plate 4, a first polarization beam splitter 5, a second polarization beam splitter 6, a third polarization beam splitter 7, a first right-angle prism 8, a second right-angle prism 9, a first photodetector 10 and a second photodetector 11; the electronics module includes an analog-to-digital converter and a post-processing module;

[0056] The polarization beam splitting interfaces of the first polarization beam splitter 5 and the second polarization beam splitter 6 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7;

[0057] The second interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5 and the fourth interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 are respectively attached to the two surfaces of the first half-wave plate 3;

[0058] The second interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the second interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7 are respectively attached to the two surfaces of the second half-wave plate 4;

[0059] The interfaces where the long sides of the first right angle prism 8 and the second right angle prism 9 are located correspond to the third interface and the first interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 respectively;

[0060] The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 are used to generate vertically polarized optical signals;

[0061] The optical signal generated by the first laser 1 is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5, becomes the first optical signal, and is reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface and then vertically passes through the first half-wave plate 3;

[0062] The optical signal generated by the second laser 2 is vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7, becomes a second optical signal, is reflected by its polarization beam splitting interface, and then vertically passes through the second half-wave plate 4;

[0063] The main axis directions of the first half-wave plate 3 and the second half-wave plate 4 are at an angle of 22.5° to the horizontal polarization direction, and are used to rotate the polarization of the first optical signal and the second optical signal by 45° respectively;

[0064] The vertical polarization component of the first optical signal is sequentially reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the first right-angle prism 8, and then intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the second optical signal at a point on the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a first synthetic optical signal;

[0065] The vertical polarization component of the second optical signal is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the second right-angle prism 9, and then intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the first optical signal at another point of the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization combination is performed to generate a second synthetic optical signal;

[0066] The first photodetector 10 and the second photodetector 11 are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the first synthetic optical signal and the second synthetic optical signal respectively;

[0067] The analog-to-digital converter is used to collect the electrical signals output by the first photodetector 10 and the second photodetector 11 to generate initial random bits;

[0068] The post-processing module is used to process the initial random bits to generate true random numbers.

[0069] The working principle of the first embodiment is as follows:

[0070] The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 generate vertically polarized light signals with random phases, and their electric fields can be written as

[0071] ,

[0072] in, are the field strengths of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the frequencies of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the phases of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 respectively.

[0073] The first laser 1 generates a vertically polarized light signal which enters the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5 and becomes the first light signal. After being reflected, it passes through the first half-wave plate 3 and the polarization state becomes

[0074] ,

[0075] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0076] ,

[0077] The second laser 2 generates a vertically polarized light signal which enters the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7 and becomes a second light signal. After being reflected, it passes through the second half-wave plate 4 and its polarization state becomes

[0078] ,

[0079] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0080] ,

[0081] The vertical polarization component of the first optical signal is reflected by the first right-angle prism 8 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the second optical signal at a point on the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a first synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0082] ,

[0083] Then, the first half-wave plate 3 is used for polarization interference, and the polarization state of the first synthesized optical signal becomes

[0084] ,

[0085] The horizontal polarization component of the first synthetic optical signal passes through the first polarization beam splitter 5 and enters the first photodetector 10 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0086] ,

[0087] in, is the detection efficiency of the first photodetector 10, .

[0088] The vertical polarization component of the second optical signal is reflected by the second right-angle prism 9 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the first optical signal at another point of the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a second synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0089] ,

[0090] Then, the polarization state of the second synthesized optical signal is changed to

[0091] ,

[0092] The horizontal polarization component of the second synthetic optical signal passes through the third polarization beam splitter 7 and enters the second photodetector 11 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0093] ,

[0094] in, is the detection efficiency of the second photodetector 11, .

[0095] Since the optical signals generated by the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 have random phases and the phases between the two are independent, the phase difference between the two is also a random variable, and the light intensity measured by the photodetector is also a random variable. The analog signal of the random light intensity is converted into a digital signal, which is the original random bit, through the analog-to-digital conversion module. Subsequently, the randomness of the random original random bits is extracted through the post-processing module according to the post-processing algorithm, such as global hashing, Toeplitz matrix multiplication, etc., and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.

[0096] In addition, it can be seen that at the same time and are not equal, so the random light intensities detected by the first photodetector 10 and the second photodetector 11 come from different interference processes, and ultimately the generation rate of quantum random numbers can be increased to twice that of the prior art.

[0097] like Figure 3 As shown, the second embodiment of the present invention:

[0098] The spatial quantum entropy source also includes a third half-wave plate 12, a fourth half-wave plate 13, a first beam shifter 14, a second beam shifter 15, a fifth half-wave plate 16, a sixth half-wave plate 17, a third photodetector 18, and a fourth photodetector 19.

[0099] The main axis directions of the third half-wave plate 12 and the fourth half-wave plate 13 are at an angle of 22.5° to the horizontal polarization direction, and are used to rotate the polarization of the optical signal generated by the first laser 1 and the optical signal generated by the second laser 2 by 45° respectively;

[0100] The first beam shifter 14 is used to split the optical signal generated by the first laser 1 after being polarized by 45° into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel, wherein the horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through the fifth half-wave plate 16 whose main axis direction and the horizontal polarization direction have an angle of 45°, and becomes a vertical polarization, becoming a first optical signal; the vertical polarization component is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5, and becomes a third optical signal;

[0101] The second beam shifter 15 is used to split the optical signal generated by the second laser 2 after being polarized by 45° into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel, wherein the horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through the sixth half-wave plate 17 whose main axis direction and the horizontal polarization direction have an angle of 45°, and becomes vertically polarized, and vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5, and becomes the fourth optical signal; the vertical polarization component is used as the second optical signal;

[0102] The third optical signal and the first combined optical signal intersect at the polarization splitting interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5;

[0103] The fourth optical signal and the second combined optical signal intersect at the polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7;

[0104] The vertical polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the first half-wave plate 3 is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the first right-angle prism 8, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the second half-wave plate 4, to generate a third synthetic optical signal;

[0105] The vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the second half-wave plate 4 is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the second right-angle prism 9, and then is polarization combined with the horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the first half-wave plate 3 to generate a fourth synthetic optical signal;

[0106] The fourth photodetector 19 and the third photodetector 18 are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the third synthetic optical signal and the fourth synthetic optical signal, respectively.

[0107] The specific working process of the second embodiment includes:

[0108] The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 generate vertically polarized light signals with random phases, and their electric fields can be written as

[0109] ,

[0110] in, are the field strengths of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the frequencies of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the phases of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 respectively.

[0111] The first laser 1 generates a vertically polarized optical signal, which is polarized by 45° and then rotated by the third half-wave plate 12 to become

[0112] ,

[0113] Then, it is split into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel after passing through the first beam shifter 14. The horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through the fifth half-wave plate 16, becomes vertical polarization, and vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5 to become a first optical signal; the vertical polarization component vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5 to become a third optical signal; the polarization states of the first optical signal and the third optical signal can be written as

[0114] ,

[0115] The first optical signal is reflected and passes through the first half-wave plate 3, and the polarization state becomes

[0116] ,

[0117] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0118] ,

[0119] The second laser 2 generates a vertically polarized optical signal, which is polarized by 45° and then rotated by the fourth half-wave plate 13 to become

[0120] ,

[0121] Then, it passes through the second beam shifter 15 and is split into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel. The horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through the fifth half-wave plate 16, becomes vertical polarization, and vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7 to become the fourth light signal; the vertical polarization component vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7 to become the second light signal; the polarization states of the fourth light signal and the second light signal can be respectively written as

[0122] ,

[0123] The second optical signal is reflected and passes through the second half-wave plate 4, and the polarization state becomes

[0124] ,

[0125] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0126] ,

[0127] The vertical polarization component of the first optical signal is reflected by the first right-angle prism 8 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the second optical signal at a point on the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a first synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0128] ,

[0129] Then, the first half-wave plate 3 is used for polarization interference, and the polarization state of the first synthesized optical signal becomes

[0130] ,

[0131] The horizontal polarization component of the first synthetic optical signal passes through the first polarization beam splitter 5 and enters the first photodetector 10 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0132] ,

[0133] in, is the detection efficiency of the first photodetector 10, .

[0134] The vertical polarization component of the second optical signal is reflected by the second right-angle prism 9 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the first optical signal at another point of the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a second synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0135] ,

[0136] Then, the polarization state of the second synthesized optical signal is changed to

[0137] ,

[0138] The horizontal polarization component of the second synthetic optical signal passes through the third polarization beam splitter 7 and enters the second photodetector 11 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0139] ,

[0140] in, is the detection efficiency of the second photodetector 11, .

[0141] The third optical signal is reflected and then rotated 45° by the first half-wave plate 3, and then reaches the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, where it is polarized into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component; the fourth optical signal is reflected and then rotated 45° by the second half-wave plate 4, and then reaches the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, where it is polarized into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component;

[0142] The horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal is polarized and combined with the vertical polarization component of the third optical signal reflected by the first right-angle prism 8, and then polarized and interfered by the first half-wave plate 3 to obtain a third synthetic optical signal, whose horizontal polarization component passes through the first polarization beam splitter 5 and reaches the fourth photodetector 19 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is

[0143] ,

[0144] in, is the detection efficiency of the fourth photodetector 19, .

[0145] The horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal is polarized and combined with the vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal reflected by the second right-angle prism 9, and then polarized and interfered by the second half-wave plate 4 to obtain a fourth synthetic optical signal, the horizontal polarization component of which passes through the third polarization beam splitter 7 and reaches the third photodetector 18 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is

[0146] ,

[0147] in, is the detection efficiency of the third photodetector 18, .

[0148] Since the optical signals generated by the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 have random phases and the phases between the two are independent, the phase difference between the two is also a random variable, and the light intensity measured by the photodetector is also a random variable. The analog signal of the random light intensity is converted into a digital signal, which is the original random bit, through the analog-to-digital conversion module. Subsequently, the randomness of the random original random bits is extracted through the post-processing module according to the post-processing algorithm, such as global hashing, Toeplitz matrix multiplication, etc., and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.

[0149] In addition, it can be seen that at the same time , , , They are not equal, so the random light intensities detected by the first photodetector 10, the second photodetector 11, the third photodetector 18, and the first laser 1 come from different interference processes, and ultimately the generation rate of quantum random numbers can be increased to 4 times that of the prior art.

[0150] like Figure 4 As shown, the third embodiment of the present invention:

[0151] The spatial quantum entropy source further includes a third photodetector 18, a fourth photodetector 19, a first beam splitter 20, a second beam splitter 21, a first reflector 22, and a second reflector 23.

[0152] The first beam splitter 20 is used to split the optical signal generated by the first laser 1 into two components with equal intensity, one of which is used as the first optical signal; the other component is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5 after being reflected by the first reflector 22, and becomes the third optical signal;

[0153] The second beam splitter 21 is used to split the optical signal generated by the second laser 2 into two components with equal intensity, one of which is vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7 to become the fourth optical signal; the other component is reflected by the second reflector 23 to become the second optical signal;

[0154] The third optical signal and the first combined optical signal intersect at the polarization splitting interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5;

[0155] The fourth optical signal and the second combined optical signal intersect at the polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7;

[0156] The vertical polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the first half-wave plate 3 is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the first right-angle prism 8, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the second half-wave plate 4, to generate a third synthetic optical signal;

[0157] The vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the second half-wave plate 4 is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6 and the second right-angle prism 9, and then is polarization combined with the horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized and rotated by 45° by the first half-wave plate 3 to generate a fourth synthetic optical signal;

[0158] The fourth photodetector 19 and the third photodetector 18 are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the third synthetic optical signal and the fourth synthetic optical signal, respectively.

[0159] The specific working process of the third embodiment includes:

[0160] The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 generate vertically polarized light signals with random phases, and their electric fields can be written as

[0161] ,

[0162] in, are the field strengths of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the frequencies of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the phases of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 respectively.

[0163] The vertically polarized light signal generated by the first laser 1 is split into two components with equal intensity by the first beam splitter 20, one of which is used as the first light signal; the other component is reflected by the first reflector 22 and vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter 5 to become the third light signal; the polarization states of the first light signal and the third light signal can be written as

[0164] ,

[0165] The first optical signal, after being reflected, passes through 3 and its polarization state becomes

[0166] ,

[0167] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0168] ,

[0169] The vertically polarized light signal generated by the second laser 2 is split into two components of equal intensity by the second beam splitter 21, one of which is vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter 7 to become the fourth light signal; the other component is reflected by the second reflector 23 to become the second light signal; the polarization states of the fourth light signal and the second light signal can be written as

[0170] ,

[0171] The second optical signal is reflected and passes through the second half-wave plate 4, and the polarization state becomes

[0172] ,

[0173] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0174] ,

[0175] The vertical polarization component of the first optical signal is reflected by the first right-angle prism 8 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the second optical signal at a point on the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a first synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0176] ,

[0177] Then, the first half-wave plate 3 is used for polarization interference, and the polarization state of the first synthesized optical signal becomes

[0178] ,

[0179] The horizontal polarization component of the first synthetic optical signal passes through the first polarization beam splitter 5 and enters the first photodetector 10 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0180] ,

[0181] in, is the detection efficiency of the first photodetector 10, .

[0182] The vertical polarization component of the second optical signal is reflected by the second right-angle prism 9 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the first optical signal at another point of the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a second synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0183] ,

[0184] Then, the polarization state of the second synthesized optical signal is changed to

[0185] ,

[0186] The horizontal polarization component of the second synthetic optical signal passes through the third polarization beam splitter 7 and enters the second photodetector 11 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0187] ,

[0188] in, is the detection efficiency of the second photodetector 11, .

[0189] The third optical signal is reflected and then rotated 45° by the first half-wave plate 3, and then reaches the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, where it is polarized into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component; the fourth optical signal is reflected and then rotated 45° by the second half-wave plate 4, and then reaches the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, where it is polarized into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component;

[0190] The horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal is polarized and combined with the vertical polarization component of the third optical signal reflected by the first right-angle prism 8, and then polarized and interfered by the first half-wave plate 3 to obtain a third synthetic optical signal, whose horizontal polarization component passes through the first polarization beam splitter 5 and reaches the fourth photodetector 19 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is

[0191] ,

[0192] in, is the detection efficiency of the fourth photodetector 19, .

[0193] The horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal is polarized and combined with the vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal reflected by the second right-angle prism 9, and then polarized and interfered by the second half-wave plate 4 to obtain a fourth synthetic optical signal, the horizontal polarization component of which passes through the third polarization beam splitter 7 and reaches the third photodetector 18 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is

[0194] ,

[0195] in, is the detection efficiency of the third photodetector 18, .

[0196] Since the optical signals generated by the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 have random phases and the phases between the two are independent, the phase difference between the two is also a random variable, and the light intensity measured by the photodetector is also a random variable. The analog signal of the random light intensity is converted into a digital signal, which is the original random bit, through the analog-to-digital conversion module. Subsequently, the randomness of the random original random bits is extracted through the post-processing module according to the post-processing algorithm, such as global hashing, Toeplitz matrix multiplication, etc., and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.

[0197] In addition, it can be seen that at the same time , , , They are not equal, so the random light intensities detected by the first photodetector 10, the second photodetector 11, the third photodetector 18, and the fourth photodetector 19 come from different interference processes, and ultimately the generation rate of quantum random numbers can be increased to 4 times that of the prior art.

[0198] like Figure 5 As shown, the fourth embodiment of the present invention:

[0199] The spatial quantum entropy source further includes a third beam splitter 24, a fourth beam splitter 25, a fifth beam splitter 26, a sixth beam splitter 27, a third reflector 28, a fourth reflector 29, a fifth photodetector 30, a sixth photodetector 31, a seventh photodetector 32, and an eighth photodetector 33.

[0200] The third beam splitter 24 is used to split one of the components generated by the first beam splitter 20 again to generate a first light signal and a fifth light signal reflected by the third reflector 28; the fourth beam splitter 25 is used to split the other component generated by the first beam splitter 20 again to generate a third light signal and a sixth light signal;

[0201] The fifth beam splitter 26 is used to split one of the components generated by the second beam splitter 21 again to generate a fourth light signal and a seventh light signal reflected by the fourth reflector 29; the sixth beam splitter 27 is used to split the other component generated by the first reflector 22 again to generate a second light signal and an eighth light signal;

[0202] The fifth optical signal and the eighth optical signal undergo similar interactions as the first optical signal and the second optical signal to generate a fifth composite optical signal and a sixth composite optical signal, respectively;

[0203] The sixth optical signal and the seventh optical signal undergo similar interactions as the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal to generate a seventh composite optical signal and an eighth composite optical signal, respectively;

[0204] The fifth photodetector 30 , the sixth photodetector 31 , the seventh photodetector 32 and the eighth photodetector 33 are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the seventh synthetic optical signal, the fifth synthetic optical signal, the sixth synthetic optical signal and the eighth synthetic optical signal, respectively.

[0205] The specific working process of the fourth embodiment includes:

[0206] The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 generate vertically polarized light signals with random phases, and their electric fields can be written as

[0207] ,

[0208] in, are the field strengths of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the frequencies of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, are the phases of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 respectively.

[0209] The vertically polarized light signal generated by the first laser 1 is split into two components with equal intensity by the first beam splitter 20. One of the components is split again by the third beam splitter 24 to generate a first light signal and a fifth light signal reflected by the third reflector 28. The other component is split again by the fourth beam splitter 25 to generate a third light signal and a sixth light signal. The polarization states of the first light signal and the third light signal can be written as

[0210] ,

[0211] The first optical signal is reflected and passes through the first half-wave plate 3, and the polarization state becomes

[0212] ,

[0213] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0214] ,

[0215] The second laser 2 generates a vertically polarized light signal which is split into two components of equal intensity by the second beam splitter 21. One of the components is split again by the fifth beam splitter 26 to generate a first light signal and a fifth light signal reflected by the fourth reflector 29. The other component is split again by the sixth beam splitter 27 to generate a third light signal and a sixth light signal. The polarization states of the fourth light signal and the second light signal can be written as

[0216] ,

[0217] The second optical signal is reflected and passes through the second half-wave plate 4, and the polarization state becomes

[0218] ,

[0219] It is then polarized and split by the second polarization beam splitter 6 into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component, which can be written as

[0220] ,

[0221] The vertical polarization component of the first optical signal is reflected by the first right-angle prism 8 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the second optical signal at a point on the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a first synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0222] ,

[0223] Then, the first half-wave plate 3 is used for polarization interference, and the polarization state of the first synthesized optical signal becomes

[0224] ,

[0225] The horizontal polarization component of the first synthetic optical signal passes through the first polarization beam splitter 5 and enters the first photodetector 10 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0226] ,

[0227] in, is the detection efficiency of the first photodetector 10, .

[0228] The vertical polarization component of the second optical signal is reflected by the second right-angle prism 9 and intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the first optical signal at another point of the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a second synthetic optical signal. The obtained polarization state is

[0229] ,

[0230] Then, the polarization state of the second synthesized optical signal is changed to

[0231] ,

[0232] The horizontal polarization component of the second synthetic optical signal passes through the third polarization beam splitter 7 and enters the second photodetector 11 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is:

[0233] ,

[0234] in, is the detection efficiency of the second photodetector 11, .

[0235] The third optical signal is reflected and then rotated 45° by the first half-wave plate 3, and then reaches the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, where it is polarized into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component; the fourth optical signal is reflected and then rotated 45° by the second half-wave plate 4, and then reaches the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter 6, where it is polarized into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component;

[0236] The horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal is polarized and combined with the vertical polarization component of the third optical signal reflected by the first right-angle prism 8, and then polarized and interfered by the first half-wave plate 3 to obtain a third synthetic optical signal, whose horizontal polarization component passes through the first polarization beam splitter 5 and reaches the fourth photodetector 19 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is

[0237] ,

[0238] in, is the detection efficiency of the fourth photodetector 19, .

[0239] The horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal is polarized and combined with the vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal reflected by the second right-angle prism 9, and then polarized and interfered by the second half-wave plate 4 to obtain a fourth synthetic optical signal, the horizontal polarization component of which passes through the third polarization beam splitter 7 and reaches the third photodetector 18 for detection. The photocurrent obtained after filtering the DC component is

[0240] ,

[0241] in, is the detection efficiency of the third photodetector 18, .

[0242] The fifth optical signal and the eighth optical signal respectively generate a fifth composite optical signal and a sixth composite optical signal through similar interactions as the first optical signal and the second optical signal; the sixth optical signal and the seventh optical signal respectively generate a seventh composite optical signal and an eighth composite optical signal through similar interactions as the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal; the fifth photodetector 30, the sixth photodetector 31, the seventh photodetector 32, and the eighth photodetector 33 are respectively used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the seventh composite optical signal, the fifth composite optical signal, the sixth composite optical signal, and the eighth composite optical signal, and the corresponding photocurrent can be obtained after filtering the DC component.

[0243] Since the optical signals generated by the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 have random phases and the phases between the two are independent, the phase difference between the two is also a random variable, and the light intensity measured by the photodetector is also a random variable. The analog signal of the random light intensity is converted into a digital signal, which is the original random bit, through the analog-to-digital conversion module. Subsequently, the randomness of the random original random bits is extracted through the post-processing module according to the post-processing algorithm, such as global hashing, Toeplitz matrix multiplication, etc., and finally a quantum random number with true randomness is output.

[0244] In addition, the random light intensity detected by the first photodetector 10, the second photodetector 11, the third photodetector 18, the fourth photodetector 19, the fifth photodetector 30, the sixth photodetector 31, the seventh photodetector 32, and the eighth photodetector 33 comes from different interference processes, and ultimately the generation rate of quantum random numbers can be increased to 8 times that of the prior art.

[0245] It can be seen from the various embodiments of the present invention that the present invention proposes a miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise, which utilizes random phase fluctuations between two independent lasers to achieve polarization interference between different components of the two lasers through a basic structure composed of three polarization beam splitters, and can perform multi-path output through spatial multiplexing, thereby exponentially increasing the random number generation rate and having high scalability; using devices with small block crystal structures, miniaturized integration can be achieved, thereby reducing the volume of the quantum random number generator and improving reliability and stability.

Claims

1. A miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise, characterized in that: It includes a space quantum entropy source module and an electronics module, wherein the space quantum entropy source module includes a first laser, a second laser, a first half-wave plate, a second half-wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter, a second polarization beam splitter, a third polarization beam splitter, a first right-angle prism, a second right-angle prism, a first photodetector and a second photodetector; the electronics module includes an analog-to-digital converter and a post-processing module; The first laser and the second laser are used to generate vertically polarized optical signals; The optical signal generated by the first laser is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter to become the first optical signal, which is reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface and then vertically passes through the first half-wave plate; The optical signal generated by the second laser is vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter to become the second optical signal, which is reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface and then vertically passes through the second half-wave plate; The main axis directions of the first half-wave plate and the second half-wave plate are at an angle of 22.5° to the horizontal polarization direction, and are used to rotate the polarization of the first optical signal and the second optical signal by 45° respectively; The vertical polarization component of the first optical signal is sequentially reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the first right-angle prism, and then intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the second optical signal at a point on the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a first synthetic optical signal; The vertical polarization component of the second optical signal is sequentially reflected by the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the second right-angle prism, and then intersects with the horizontal polarization component of the first optical signal at another point of the polarization beam splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter, and polarization beam combination is performed to generate a second synthetic optical signal; The first photodetector and the second photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the first synthetic optical signal and the second synthetic optical signal respectively; The analog-to-digital converter is used to collect the electrical signals output by the first photodetector and the second photodetector to generate initial random bits; The post-processing module is used to process the initial random bits to generate true random numbers.

2. The miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial quantum entropy source also includes a third half-wave plate, a fourth half-wave plate, a first beam shifter, a second beam shifter, a fifth half-wave plate, a sixth half-wave plate, a third photodetector, and a fourth photodetector. The main axis directions of the third half-wave plate and the fourth half-wave plate are at an angle of 22.5° to the horizontal polarization direction, and are used to rotate the polarization of the optical signal generated by the first laser and the optical signal generated by the second laser by 45° respectively; The first beam shifter is used to split the optical signal generated by the first laser after being polarized by 45° into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel, wherein the horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through a fifth half-wave plate whose main axis direction and the horizontal polarization direction have an angle of 45°, and becomes a vertical polarization, becoming a first optical signal; the vertical polarization component is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter, and becomes a third optical signal; The second beam shifter is used to split the optical signal generated by the second laser after being polarized by 45° into a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component that propagate in parallel, wherein the horizontal polarization component is polarized by 90° after passing through a sixth half-wave plate whose main axis direction and the horizontal polarization direction have an angle of 45°, and becomes vertically polarized, and is vertically incident on the first interface to become a fourth optical signal; the vertical polarization component is used as the second optical signal; The third optical signal and the first combined optical signal intersect at the polarization beam splitting interface of the first polarization beam splitter; The fourth optical signal and the second combined optical signal intersect at a polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter; The vertical polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the first right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate to generate a third synthetic optical signal; The vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the second right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate, to generate a fourth synthetic optical signal; The fourth photodetector and the third photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the third synthetic optical signal and the fourth synthetic optical signal, respectively.

3. The miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial quantum entropy source also includes a third photodetector, a fourth photodetector, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a first reflector, and a second reflector. The first beam splitter is used to split the optical signal generated by the first laser into two components with equal intensity, one of which is used as the first optical signal; the other component is vertically incident on the first interface of the first polarization beam splitter after being reflected by the first reflector to become the third optical signal; The second beam splitter is used to split the optical signal generated by the second laser into two components with equal intensity, one of which is vertically incident on the first interface of the third polarization beam splitter to become the fourth optical signal; the other component is reflected by the second reflector to become the second optical signal; The third optical signal and the first combined optical signal intersect at the polarization beam splitting interface of the first polarization beam splitter; The fourth optical signal and the second combined optical signal intersect at a polarization beam splitting interface of the third polarization beam splitter; The vertical polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the first right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate to generate a third synthetic optical signal; The vertical polarization component of the fourth optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the second half-wave plate is sequentially reflected by the polarization splitting interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the second right-angle prism, and then is polarization-combined with the horizontal polarization component of the third optical signal after being polarized by 45° through the first half-wave plate, to generate a fourth synthetic optical signal; The fourth photodetector and the third photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the third synthetic optical signal and the fourth synthetic optical signal, respectively.

4. The miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spatial quantum entropy source also includes a third beam splitter, a fourth beam splitter, a fifth beam splitter, a sixth beam splitter, a third reflector, a fourth reflector, a fifth photodetector, a sixth photodetector, a seventh photodetector, and an eighth photodetector. The third beam splitter is used to split one of the components generated by the first beam splitter again to generate a first light signal and a fifth light signal reflected by the third reflector; the fourth beam splitter is used to split the other component generated by the first beam splitter again to generate a third light signal and a sixth light signal; The fifth beam splitter is used to split one of the components generated by the second beam splitter again to generate a fourth light signal and a seventh light signal reflected by the fourth reflector; the sixth beam splitter is used to split the other component generated by the first reflector again to generate a second light signal and an eighth light signal; The fifth optical signal and the eighth optical signal undergo similar interactions as the first optical signal and the second optical signal to generate a fifth composite optical signal and a sixth composite optical signal, respectively; The sixth optical signal and the seventh optical signal undergo similar interactions as the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal to generate a seventh composite optical signal and an eighth composite optical signal, respectively; The fifth photodetector, the sixth photodetector, the seventh photodetector and the eighth photodetector are used to detect the horizontal polarization components of the seventh synthesized light signal, the fifth synthesized light signal, the sixth synthesized light signal and the eighth synthesized light signal, respectively.

5. The miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength difference between the first laser and the second laser is smaller than their 3dB line widths.

6. The miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the first interface of the second polarization beam splitter and the interface corresponding to the long side of the second right-angle prism can be adjusted as required.

7. The miniaturized quantum random number generator based on phase noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes two other lasers and a corresponding number of detectors located on the same plane. The plane is parallel to the plane where the first laser, the second laser and the aforementioned photodetector are located, and the connection lines between each device and the corresponding device are perpendicular to the plane. The optical signal transmission optical path generated by the other two lasers is parallel to the corresponding optical path.

Images