Inhibitor and method for controlling spindling of wheat seedlings and breeding method of wheat stripe rust

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of wheat planting and phytopathogen breeding, in particular to an inhibitor and method for controlling excessive growth of wheat seedlings and a breeding method of wheat stripe rust. The invention provides an inhibitor for controlling spindling of wheat seedlings. The inhibitor contains maleic hydrazide or agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide, water and an optional solvent. The invention further provides a method for applying the inhibitor to a growth substrate to control spindling of wheat seedlings. 5-12 days after application, wheat stripe rust is inoculated, and growth and spore production of the wheat stripe rust are carried out. The invention also provides application of maleic hydrazide and the inhibitor in controlling excessive growth of wheat seedlings. According to the application, maleic hydrazide is used in wheat culture, especially greenhouse wheat seedling culture, so that spindling of wheat seedlings can be effectively inhibited, leaf surfaces of the wheat seedlings are widened, the wheat seedlings are robust, and propagation of uredospores of puccinia striiformis is improved; the occurrence of diseases in subsequent research is not influenced, the problem of test failure caused by excessive growth of wheat seedlings cultured in the greenhouse is solved, and the scientific research efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wheat planting and plant pathogenic bacteria propagation, and in particular to an inhibitor and method for controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings and a propagation method of wheat stripe rust. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is one of the main grain crops in my country, and wheat harvests have an important impact on food security. Wheat leaf diseases represented by wheat stripe rust (stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, etc.) have a serious impact on wheat yields and seriously threaten food security. In order to clarify the pathogen population structure and the genetic mechanism of variety disease resistance, researchers must conduct long-term research on wheat disease resistance and pathogen population structure in greenhouses. The research process often requires a large number of greenhouse wheat seedlings to be cultivated. However, due to the influence of the greenhouse microenvironment, water and fertilizer conditions are difficult to master. It is difficult for young researchers and graduate students who are new to the job to master the wheat seedling cultivation conditions, which often causes abnormal phenomena such as excessive growth and leggy growth of greenhouse wheat seedlings. In addition, due to the excessive consumption of nutrients by wheat growth, the leaves are slender and senescent, which seriously reduces the spore production during the pathogen expansion process, resulting in repeated failures in experiments and affecting the progress of scientific research.

[0003] For example, research on wheat stripe rust requires the propagation of a large number of summer spores of stripe rust on susceptible wheat varieties. However, in greenhouse cultivation of wheat seedlings, wheat seedlings often grow too fast, with narrow leaves, and are prone to lodging due to excessive height, which leads to premature death of wheat seedlings and reduced spore production, affecting the continuation of research. Therefore, how to enable young and inexperienced researchers to cultivate strong wheat seedlings for scientific research has become a long-standing problem.

[0004] At present, the commonly used management methods for cultivating wheat seedlings are too tall, too elongated, and too weak. This is mainly achieved by manually cutting off the second leaf of wheat. This requires practitioners to have rich experience in wheat growth and cultivation, and the time requirements for manual leaf cutting are also extremely strict. Moreover, since one leaf cutting cannot prevent the wheat seedlings from growing taller again, practitioners need to repeat the leaf cutting work many times, which is time-consuming and laborious.

[0005] In order to find a way for young scientific researchers (especially graduate students) who have no experience in greenhouse wheat seedling cultivation to cultivate strong wheat seedlings that can meet the needs of disease research, we conducted a lot of research and discovered a chemical reagent that can inhibit plant growth. We explored a method that can effectively inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings and make them grow strong without affecting the occurrence of diseases in subsequent research. This solved the long-standing problem of experimental failures caused by the growth of wheat seedlings in greenhouses, greatly improved scientific research efficiency, shortened research time, and has important application value for experimental institutions that have been engaged in greenhouse wheat seedling cultivation and plant pathology research for a long time. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies and problems in the prior art, the present application provides an inhibitor and method for controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings and a method for breeding wheat stripe rust.

[0007] Maleic hydrazide (MH), chemically known as maleic hydrazide, cas: 123-33-1, also known as cyanohydrazine, is a systemic plant growth regulator that can inhibit cell division but not cell elongation and swelling. It is usually used as a selective herbicide and temporary plant growth inhibitor.

[0008] The applicant of the present application has found through a large number of studies that maleic hydrazide can enter the plant through the leaf cuticle, inhibit cell division, reduce photosynthesis, strongly inhibit the excessive growth of wheat seedlings, provide more suitable host conditions for the reproduction of wheat stripe rust, greatly increase the spore yield of stripe rust, shorten the stripe rust propagation cycle, and simplify the operation process.

[0009] The "control of leggy growth of wheat seedlings" mentioned in this application refers in particular to controlling leggy growth of wheat seedlings in greenhouse culture. The greenhouse culture refers to the greenhouse culture conditions commonly used in the art. Usually, the conditions for greenhouse culture are: temperature 18°C-21°C, humidity 50%-60%, and light 14000Lux.

[0010] In a first aspect, the present application provides an inhibitor for controlling the leggy growth of wheat seedlings, which contains maleic hydrazide or an agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide, water, and optionally a solvent.

[0011] In one group of embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide is a metal salt of maleic hydrazide, an amine salt of maleic hydrazide, an organic phosphorus salt of maleic hydrazide, preferably an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of maleic hydrazide, an ammonium salt of maleic hydrazide, an alcoholamine salt of maleic hydrazide, such as maleic hydrazide potassium salt, maleic hydrazide sodium salt, maleic hydrazide diethanolamine salt, maleic hydrazide triethanolamine salt.

[0012] In one group of embodiments, in the inhibitor, the solvent is an amine solvent, preferably an amide solvent or an alcoholamine solvent, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, diethanolamine, triethanolamine. The solvent is used to dissolve maleic hydrazide. The ratio of maleic hydrazide: solvent is 1g: 2-10mL, preferably, the ratio of maleic hydrazide: solvent is 1g: 3-8mL, more preferably, the ratio of maleic hydrazide: solvent is 1g: 5mL.

[0013] In one group of embodiments, the inhibitor comprises maleic hydrazide, water and a solvent.

[0014] In one group of embodiments, the inhibitor, calculated as maleic hydrazide, contains 0.30-1.60 g / L maleic hydrazide or an agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide, preferably 0.30-1.50 g / L maleic hydrazide or an agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide, and more preferably 0.35-1.40 g / L maleic hydrazide or an agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide.

[0015] In one set of embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitor for controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings cultured in a greenhouse.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings, comprising the following steps: applying the inhibitor of the first aspect to the growth medium of the wheat seedlings 2-3 days after the wheat seeds have germinated.

[0017] In one embodiment, the dosage of the inhibitor is 3-100 mL / 100 cm 2 , preferably 5-80mL / 100cm 2 , more preferably 10-50mL / 100cm 2 、20-40mL / 100cm 2 .

[0018] In one embodiment, the method for controlling the elongation of wheat seedlings comprises sowing wheat seeds at a sowing rate of 15-30 seeds / 100m 2 , preferably 18-25 seeds / 100m 2 .

[0019] In one set of embodiments, the method for controlling the leggy growth of wheat seedlings is a method for controlling the leggy growth of wheat seedlings cultured in a greenhouse.

[0020] In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for propagating wheat stripe rust, which comprises the following steps: applying an inhibitor according to the method of the second aspect, inoculating wheat stripe rust 5-12 days after the application, and allowing the wheat stripe rust to grow and produce spores.

[0021] In one set of embodiments, the propagation method comprises inoculating wheat stripe rust 7-10 days after applying the inhibitor.

[0022] Wherein, the inoculation of wheat stripe rust is carried out according to the conventional inoculation method in the art.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides the use of maleic hydrazide in controlling the leggy growth of wheat seedlings. Preferably, the present application provides the use of maleic hydrazide in controlling the leggy growth of wheat seedlings cultured in a greenhouse.

[0024] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides the use of the inhibitor of the first aspect in controlling the leggy growth of wheat seedlings, especially in controlling the leggy growth of wheat seedlings cultivated in a greenhouse.

[0025] After research, it is found that compared with the prior art, this application has the following characteristics and significant advantages:

[0026] The present application uses maleic hydrazide in wheat cultivation, which can effectively inhibit the growth of one leaf and two leaves in the wheat seedling stage, so that the leaf surface is widened and the wheat seedlings are strong.

[0027] By using maleic hydrazide in wheat culture to inhibit the excessive growth of wheat seedlings, more suitable host conditions are provided for the reproduction of wheat stripe rust fungi, greatly improving the propagation speed and yield of wheat stripe rust fungi's summer spores; it can shorten the propagation cycle of stripe rust fungi, and at the same time simplify the propagation method and operation process of stripe rust fungi.

[0028] The use of maleic hydrazide in wheat cultivation can inhibit the excessive growth of wheat seedlings without affecting the occurrence of diseases in subsequent research. It solves the long-standing problem of experimental failure caused by excessive growth of wheat seedlings in greenhouse cultivation, greatly improves scientific research efficiency, shortens research time, and has important application value for experimental institutions that have been engaged in plant pathology research on greenhouse wheat seedling cultivation for a long time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The growth of Mingxian 169 wheat seedlings 10 days after application of 10 mL of the inhibitor (containing 0.35 g / L maleic hydrazide and 1.75 mL / L triethanolamine) as in Example 2 (left: control wheat seedlings, right: inhibitor-treated wheat seedlings).

[0030] Figure 2 The growth of Mingxian 169 wheat seedlings 10 days after application of 10 mL of the inhibitor (containing 0.70 g / L maleic hydrazide and 3.50 mL / L triethanolamine) as in Example 2 (left: control wheat seedlings, right: inhibitor-treated wheat seedlings).

[0031] Figure 3 The growth of Mingxian 169 wheat seedlings 10 days after application of 10 mL of the inhibitor (containing 1.40 g / L maleic hydrazide and 7.00 mL / L triethanolamine) as in Example 2 (left: control wheat seedlings, right: inhibitor-treated wheat seedlings).

[0032] Figure 4 This is a statistical graph of the plant height of Mingxian 169 wheat seedlings after applying inhibitors containing different concentrations of maleic hydrazide in Example 2.

[0033] Figure 5-Figure 22The growth conditions of wheat seedlings of the vector varieties containing Yr1, Yr5, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24, Yr27, Yr32, Yr43, Yr44, YrSP, YrTr1, and YrEXP2 genes and Mingxian 169 (left: control wheat seedlings, right: inhibitor-treated wheat seedlings) 10 days after application of 10 mL of inhibitor (containing 1.40 g / L maleic hydrazide and 7.00 mL / L triethanolamine) as in Example 3.

[0034] Fig.23 This is a statistical graph showing the detection of different wheat seedling heights after the application of an inhibitor containing maleic hydrazide in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The specific implementation of the present application is described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and is not used to limit the present application.

[0036] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0037] Before describing the present application in detail, it should be understood that the terms used herein are only intended to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, which is limited only by the appended claims. In order to more fully understand the present application described herein, the following terms are used, and their definitions are as follows. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the following terms used in this application have the following definitions.

[0039] The term "pesticide-acceptable salt" refers to a salt obtained by reacting the maleic hydrazide of the present application with a chemically acceptable base, wherein the chemically acceptable base may be an inorganic base (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate, ammonia water) or an organic base (such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc.); it may also be a salt obtained by reacting the maleic hydrazide of the present application with a chemically acceptable acid, wherein the chemically acceptable acid may be an inorganic acid (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrobromic acid, etc.) or an organic acid (such as oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid or benzoic acid, etc.), or it may be an organic phosphorus salt of maleic hydrazide. Furthermore, the pesticide-acceptable salts include inorganic salts and organic salts, the inorganic salts include at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, calcium, magnesium, copper, aluminum, zinc, barium, ammonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts, and the organic salts include at least one of trimethylamine, triethylamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine salts.

[0040] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.

[0041] Example 1: Inhibitors for controlling the elongation of wheat seedlings containing maleic hydrazide

[0042] ① An inhibitor for controlling excessive growth of wheat seedlings, comprising 0.35 g / L of maleic hydrazide and 1.75 mL / L of triethanolamine, which are diluted to 1 L with water.

[0043] ② An inhibitor for controlling excessive growth of wheat seedlings, comprising 0.70 g / L of maleic hydrazide and 3.5 mL / L of triethanolamine, and the volume is made up to 1 L with water.

[0044] ③An inhibitor for controlling excessive growth of wheat seedlings, comprising 1.40 g / L of maleic hydrazide and 7 mL / L of triethanolamine, and the volume is adjusted to 1 L with water.

[0045] Example 2: Inhibition of wheat seedling growth by inhibitors containing different concentrations of maleic hydrazide

[0046] Under greenhouse culture conditions (temperature 18-21°C, humidity 50%-60%, light 14000Lux), the wheat variety Mingxian 169 susceptible to stripe rust was sown in a 7cm x 7cm x7cm flower pot filled with soil, 9-12 seeds were sown in each pot, and 2-3 days after the wheat seeds emerged, 10mL of inhibitor containing maleic hydrazide was applied to the center of the flower pot for cultivating wheat seedlings using a dispenser. The control group without inhibitor and three experimental groups containing inhibitors of different concentrations of maleic hydrazide were repeated three times each. The growth height of each group of wheat seedlings was observed. Wheat stripe rust was inoculated 10 days after the inhibitor was applied. The spore production of wheat stripe rust summer spores in the control group and the experimental group with inhibitors containing maleic hydrazide was observed.

[0047] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the application of inhibitors containing different concentrations of maleic hydrazide can effectively inhibit the growth of one leaf and two leaves in the wheat seedling stage, promote the widening of the leaf surface of the wheat seedlings, make the wheat seedlings strong, reduce the plant height, and effectively inhibit the excessive growth of the wheat seedlings.

[0048] In addition, the inhibition of excessive growth of wheat seedlings promoted the proliferation of summer spores of wheat stripe rust, and the proliferation speed and spore production were effectively improved.

[0049] Example 3: Inhibition of the growth of different wheat seedlings by inhibitors containing maleic hydrazide

[0050] Under greenhouse culture conditions (temperature 18-21°C, humidity 50%-60%, light 14000Lux), different wheat stripe rust resistance near-isotropic monogenic lines were sown in 7cm x 7cm x7cm pots filled with soil to identify hosts, 9-12 seeds were sown in each pot, and 2-3 days after the wheat seeds emerged, 10mL of inhibitor containing maleic hydrazide was applied to the center of the pot for cultivating wheat seedlings using a dispenser. The control group without inhibitor and the experimental group containing maleic hydrazide inhibitor were repeated three times each. The growth height of each group of wheat seedlings was observed.

[0051] like Figure 5-23 As shown, for different wheat hosts, the application of inhibitors containing maleic hydrazide can effectively inhibit the elongation of wheat seedlings, making the leaves wider, the wheat seedlings stronger, and the plant height lower.

[0052] Once the excessive growth of wheat seedlings is inhibited, it will not affect the occurrence of diseases in subsequent research. This solves the long-standing problem of experimental failure caused by excessive growth of wheat seedlings in greenhouses, greatly improves scientific research efficiency, shortens research time, and has important application value for experimental institutions that have been engaged in plant pathology research on greenhouse wheat seedlings for a long time.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail above; however, the present application is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present application, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0054] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0055] In addition, the various implementation modes of the present application may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present application, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed in the present application.

Claims

1. An inhibitor for controlling excessive growth of wheat seedlings, characterized in that: It contains maleic hydrazide or an agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide, water, and optionally a solvent.

2. The inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that The agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of maleic hydrazide, an ammonium salt of maleic hydrazide, an alcoholamine salt of maleic hydrazide or an organic phosphorus salt of maleic hydrazide, preferably a potassium salt of maleic hydrazide, a sodium salt of maleic hydrazide, a diethanolamine salt of maleic hydrazide or a triethanolamine salt of maleic hydrazide.

3. The inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that The solvent is an amide solvent or an alcoholamine solvent, preferably: N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, diethanolamine, triethanolamine.

4. The inhibitor according to claim 3, characterized in that It contains maleic hydrazide, water and a solvent.

5. The inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Calculated as maleic hydrazide, it contains 0.30-1.60 g / L of maleic hydrazide or an agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide, and preferably contains 0.35-1.40 g / L of maleic hydrazide or an agriculturally acceptable salt of maleic hydrazide.

6. A method for controlling excessive growth of wheat seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 2-3 days after the wheat seeds emerge, the inhibitor according to any one of claims 1-5 is applied to the growth medium of the wheat seedlings.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The dosage of the inhibitor is 3-100 mL / 100 cm 2 , preferably 5-80mL / 100cm 2 , more preferably 20-40mL / 100cm 2 .

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The method is a method for controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings cultured in a greenhouse.

9. A method for propagating wheat stripe rust, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: applying the inhibitor according to any one of the methods described in claims 6-8, inoculating wheat stripe rust 5-12 days after application, and carrying out the growth and spore production of wheat stripe rust; preferably, inoculating wheat stripe rust 7-10 days after application.

10. Use of maleic hydrazide in controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings, preferably, use of maleic hydrazide in controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings cultured in a greenhouse.

11. Use of the inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings, preferably, in controlling the excessive growth of wheat seedlings cultured in a greenhouse.

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