Solar water purification evaporator based on blue-green algae biomass charcoal

Abstract

The solar water purification evaporator comprises a dome-shaped solar evaporator, a sewage area (4), a water purification area (5), a condensation water collection area (1), a moisture absorption water collection area (2) and a photo-thermal evaporation area (3) are arranged in the dome-shaped solar evaporator, and a water conveying pump and a pump body power supply system are arranged outside the dome-shaped solar evaporator; the photo-thermal evaporation area comprises a blue-green algae biomass charcoal photo-thermal evaporation ball group arranged in the sewage area; the moisture absorption and water collection area comprises a porous supporting plate (21) and a patterned moisture absorption system (22), wherein the porous supporting plate (21) and the patterned moisture absorption system (22) are arranged on a water separation plate (32) in a sewage area and a clean water area in the dome-type solar evaporator, and the patterned moisture absorption system adopts polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel (221) compounded by embedded lithium chloride (LiCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) gel (222) in an alternating mode. The condensation water collecting area comprises a condensation water collecting system arranged in the dome-type solar evaporator and mainly comprises a radiation condensation coating (12), and a condensation coating area is a radiation condensation coating composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). Compared with a traditional evaporator, the novel evaporator integrating evaporation, condensation and moisture absorption is provided, the water purification rate of a common evaporator is increased, and the evaporator can be used for agricultural irrigation and other aspects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar evaporator water purification, and in particular to a solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biomass charcoal. Background Art

[0002] Research shows that about 29% of the world's population lacks safe drinking water. With population growth and environmental problems, the demand for clean water continues to increase. Solar evaporators can convert seawater or other sewage into fresh water, which can help alleviate this problem. As a technology that uses solar energy to convert water from liquid to gas, solar evaporators are particularly important in the context of global water shortages. It can not only help solve the problem of freshwater scarcity, but also reduce dependence on fossil energy to a certain extent. It has great practical significance and long-term development prospects.

[0003] Research on solar evaporators mainly focuses on improving evaporation efficiency, stability and reducing costs. The latest research shows that by optimizing materials and structural design, solar evaporators can maintain a high evaporation rate under low light conditions. Improving solar energy absorption efficiency, optimizing materials and structural design, reducing costs and exploring more application scenarios are the main research hotspots of solar evaporator water purification. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop an efficient and fast condensing solar evaporator.

[0004] Patent CN111450810A invented "a method for improving the pore structure of materials", disclosed a method for changing the pore structure, and conducted experiments on its different adsorption properties. Patent CN110787771A invented "a modified cyanobacteria biochar and its preparation method and application", disclosed a method for preparing modified cyanobacteria biochar. On the one hand, cyanobacteria waste is used as raw material, which is abundant and easy to obtain, and provides a new idea for the resource utilization of cyanobacteria waste; on the other hand, the prepared cyanobacteria biochar is loaded with nano-iron and evenly dispersed, which effectively solves the problems of cyanobacteria being difficult to handle and utilize, and nanoparticles being easy to agglomerate and passivate, and improves the material's adsorption and removal effect on arsenic. This shows that the research and invention of preparing activated carbon for adsorbing pollutants from cyanobacteria is constantly moving forward. However, compared with the simple adsorption of pollutants, neither of them considers the possibility of using activated carbon with its good photothermal properties and photothermal properties to promote adsorption.

[0005] Patent CN116655035A is named "A long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function", which discloses a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function, including a basswood evaporator, the outer wall of which is provided with water to be treated, and finally a stable evaporator is obtained, but in this evaporator, the problem that most evaporators are currently subject to reduced evaporation efficiency due to saturated vapor pressure is not taken into account. The "automatic solar evaporator for preventing salt deposition" invented in patent CN117865269A takes this into account, but during use, condensation is mainly provided by external electricity to the condensation plate, rather than obtaining the condensation effect through the properties of the material itself. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects of the prior art and provide a solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar comprises a dome-type solar evaporator, characterized in that a condensation water collection area (1), a moisture absorption water collection area (2), a photothermal evaporation area (3), a sewage area (4), a water purification area (5) and an evaporator shell (6) are provided inside the dome-type solar evaporator, and a water transport pump and a pump body power supply system are provided outside the dome-type solar evaporator; The condensation water collection area (1) comprises a radiation condensation coating (12) arranged inside a dome-type solar evaporator, and an integrated hemispherical dome (11) composed of a transparent acrylic plate; The moisture absorption and water collection area (2) comprises a porous support plate (21) and a patterned moisture absorption system (22) arranged on a water barrier between a sewage area and a clean water area in a dome-type solar evaporator; The photothermal evaporation zone (3) comprises a group of blue algae biomass charcoal photothermal evaporation beads (31) arranged in the sewage of a dome-shaped solar evaporator, and multiple beads together form a photothermal evaporation system, which floats on the water surface; the sewage in the evaporation zone and the clean water after evaporation are separated by a transparent acrylic water-blocking board (32) between the sewage zone and the clean water zone.

[0008] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar is characterized in that the bottom of the sewage area (4) of the dome-shaped solar evaporator is connected to a water inlet valve (41) for water inlet, and the bottom of the water purification area (5) is connected to a water outlet valve (51) for water outlet.

[0009] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar is characterized in that: the sewage area (4) and the water purification area (5) are separated by a water baffle (32), the water baffle is cylindrical, and the sewage area (4) and the water purification area (5) are in an inner circle and outer ring structure.

[0010] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar is characterized in that: the porous support plate (21) is a circular ring-shaped component, the inner plate (211) is connected to the partition between the sewage area and the clean water area, the bottom plate (212) is vertically bonded to the partition at 90°, the outer plate (213) is bonded to the bottom plate at an obtuse angle (angle ≠ 90°), and the moisture absorption and water collection area (2) is located at the uppermost end of the water baffle (33), but is not in contact with the condensation water collection area (1).

[0011] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on blue algae biochar is characterized in that the inner plate (211), the bottom plate (212) and the outer plate (213) of the porous support plate (21) all have inverted cone-shaped hole structures.

[0012] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar is characterized in that: the patterned moisture absorption system (22) is composed of polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel (221) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (222) embedded with lithium chloride (LiCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) composites, which are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction.

[0013] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar is characterized in that: the condensation water collection area (1) is arranged on a dome-shaped solar evaporator, and the radiation condensation coating (12) is radially spread out from the center of the dome, and there is a gap (13) between each coating.

[0014] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar is characterized in that: the cyanobacteria biochar photothermal evaporation ball group (31) is composed of 10 mm spherical particles.

[0015] The above-mentioned solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar is characterized in that: the evaporator shell (6) is a cylindrical structure, the diameter of which coincides with the hemispherical dome (11) and the height is higher than the water barrier (32).

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Innovation: The patent of this invention adopts the photothermal evaporation zone of modified biochar carbonized from cyanobacteria, waste utilization, and natural circulation. The patent of this invention adopts polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silicon dioxide (SiO2), polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel embedded with lithium chloride (LiCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), biomass-based biochar materials and biomass water transport materials, selects simple materials and combines multiple technologies, and utilizes the environmental protection and degradability of biomass-based materials to fully create an environmentally friendly solar evaporator; (2) Stability: The patent of this invention adopts the rapid accumulation of water, rapid moisture absorption and evaporation as one, and utilizes the efficient moisture absorption performance and water collection capacity to continuously release the water vapor in the entire device, thus avoiding the slow evaporation rate caused by the saturated vapor pressure to a certain extent, so that the solar evaporator can operate stably; (3) High efficiency: By using the alternating hydroscopic layer of affinity and repellency, a certain humidity is maintained in the cavity to avoid the reduction of evaporation rate caused by saturated vapor pressure. By using the mixed coating of PDMS and SiO2 for radiation cooling, the water vapor on the dome of the device can be liquefied faster, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the overall efficiency of the evaporator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the evaporator of the present invention, which includes, from top to bottom, the condensation water collection area (1), the moisture absorption water collection area (2), the photothermal evaporation area (3), the sewage area (4), the water purification area (5) and the evaporator shell (6). The dome-shaped solar evaporator is equipped with a water transport pump and a pump body power supply system.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the evaporator of the present invention, wherein from left to right are a porous support plate (21), a small ball group evaporator (31), polytetrafluoroethylene (222), a composite hydrogel (221), a radiation condensation coating (12), and a gap (13).

[0019] Figure 3 The longitudinal section of the condensation water collection area (1) consists of a radiation condensation coating (12) and a central acrylic dome (11).

[0020] Figure 4 The figure is a detailed view of the porous support plate (21), which is composed of an outer plate (213), a bottom plate (212), and an inner plate (211). The receiving plate is annular, high outside and low inside, and is composed of a perforated plate, and the holes in the plate are conical.

[0021] Figure numerals: 1. Condensation water collection area; 2. Hygroscopic water collection area with polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel embedded with lithium chloride (LiCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as the main material; 3. Photothermal evaporation area; 11. Radiation condensation coating; 13. Sandwich gap; 21. Porous support plate; 211. Inner plate; 212. Bottom plate; 213. Outer plate; 22. Patterned hygroscopic system; 221. Composite hygroscopic hydrogel; 222. Hydrophobic hydrogel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, it will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4 , a solar water purification evaporator based on cyanobacteria biochar, including a dome-type solar evaporator, wherein the dome-type solar evaporator is provided with a sewage area and a water purification area, a condensation water collection area (1), a moisture absorption water collection area (2), and a photothermal evaporation area (3), and the dome-type solar evaporator is provided with a water transport pump and a pump body power supply system outside.

[0024] The photothermal evaporation zone (3) is mainly used to prepare modified biochar at 400°C using cyanobacteria as raw materials. The biochar has the characteristics of photothermal, porosity, and multiple active sites, and can be used to adsorb pollutants and become a photothermal material. The spherical photothermal material can absorb the light energy brought by the sun to the maximum extent, and is suitable for adsorbing pollutants. In addition, activated carbon is a biological environmentally friendly material. After absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus polluted wastewater, it can be directly used as a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to help plant growth.

[0025] Furthermore, the evaporated steam in the evaporation zone will gather in the chamber and meet the condensation water collection zone (1) upwards. The radiation condensation coating (11) composed of PDMS and SiO2 inside the dome-shaped solar evaporator will condense the water vapor into clean water droplets through the gap (13) under the action of gravity and the hydrophobicity of the material and flow into the clean water zone.

[0026] Furthermore, as the steam on the upper part of the evaporator slowly accumulates, the humidity on the upper part gradually increases. When it encounters the moisture absorption and water collection area (2), the water vapor that has not condensed in time can be eliminated by moisture absorption. When the hydrogel reaches moisture absorption saturation, it will release water by gravity, and the released water will quickly enter the water collection area through the conical orifice groove (5).

[0027] The implementation principle of the technical solution is further explained as follows: The photothermal evaporation area mainly uses biomass activated carbon fired with cyanobacteria as the base material as the main material, and uses PAV-PAN as a coating agent to be uniformly compatible with biomass carbon at a mass ratio of 1:4, and then is uniformly dripped into deionized water through a microfluidic pump to control the rate to form spherical particles, which are dried to become photothermal evaporation materials. The selection of biomass carbon material fired with cyanobacteria as photothermal evaporation material is not only a certain waste utilization of cyanobacteria, but also, as a better photothermal material and better adsorption material, it can meet the requirements of improving photothermal conversion efficiency and evaporation efficiency while adsorbing pollutants in the water body, such as nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants adsorbed in the water body where cyanobacteria have erupted, and biomass carbon can be biodegraded, and after degradation, it can provide further nutrients to the environment.

[0028] In the condensation water collection area, two kinds of radiation materials are mainly used to mix and quickly condense the dome water. PDMS and SiO2 are very good radiation condensation materials. At the same time, the transparency of PDMS meets the conditions of directly receiving solar radiation during the use of the evaporator, and SiO2 can achieve local condensation to the maximum extent while maintaining a large range of transparent areas under the premise of ensuring transparency. When the two are combined, they form a hydrophobic coating, which will quickly transport water from the acrylic plate in the gap of the coating while ensuring regional condensation, while ensuring the transparency of the area and maintaining direct sunlight, contributing to condensation water collection.

[0029] In the evaporation and water collection area, a patterned structure consisting of a hydrophilic hydrogel and a hydrophobic coating is used. The alternating hydrophilic-hydrophobic structure can collect water vapor more quickly and selectively. The reason why the hydrogel releases water after the absorption is completed is that when the PAA hydrogel absorbs moisture, the water molecules penetrate and the salt ions dissolve, causing the COO- group of the polymer chain to deprotonate, and the Cl - Ion exclusion, Ca 2+ , Li + Ions attract and hinder the diffusion of water molecules. As moisture absorption increases, liquid water is released from the surface and body, and eventually the polymer chains collapse and separate from the salty water phase, thus achieving efficient water collection.

[0030] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The equipment includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such a process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements. The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste, including a dome-type solar evaporator, characterized in that The dome-shaped solar evaporator is provided with a condensation water collection area (1), a moisture absorption water collection area (2), a photothermal evaporation area (3), a sewage area (4), a water purification area (5) and an evaporator shell (6), and the dome-shaped solar evaporator is provided with a water transport pump and a pump body power supply system outside. The condensation water collection area (1) comprises a condensation coating (11) arranged inside the dome-type solar evaporator, a radiation condensation pattern (12) arranged outside the dome-type solar evaporator, and an integrated hemispherical dome (13) composed of a transparent acrylic plate; The moisture absorption and water collection area (2) comprises a moisture absorption layer receiving plate (21) and a guide type moisture absorption layer (22) arranged on a water-isolating plate between a sewage area and a clean water area in a dome-type solar evaporator; The photothermal evaporation zone (3) comprises a small spherical photothermal evaporator (31) arranged in the dome-shaped solar evaporator sewage, and a plurality of evaporators together form a photothermal evaporation layer (32), which floats on the water surface; the sewage in the evaporation zone and the clean water after evaporation are separated by a transparent acrylic water-blocking plate (33) between the sewage zone and the clean water zone.

2. A solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the sewage area (4) of the dome-shaped solar evaporator is connected to a water inlet valve (41) for water inlet, and the bottom of the clean water area (5) is connected to a water outlet valve (51) for water outlet.

3. A solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sewage area (4) and the clean water area (5) are separated by a water barrier (33), the water barrier is cylindrical, and the sewage area (4) and the clean water area (5) are in an inner circle and outer ring structure.

4. The solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 3 is characterized by: The moisture absorption layer receiving plate (21) is a circular ring-shaped component, the inner plate (211) is connected to the partition between the sewage area and the clean water area, the bottom plate (212) is vertically bonded to the partition at 90 degrees, and the outer plate (213) is vertically bonded to the bottom plate. The moisture absorption water collection area (2) is located at the uppermost end of the water-blocking plate (33), but is not in contact with the condensation water collection area (1).

5. The solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 4 is characterized by: The inner plate (211), the bottom plate (212) and the outer plate (213) of the moisture absorption layer receiving plate (21) all have inverted cone-shaped hole structures.

6. The solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 5 is characterized by: The guided moisture absorption layer (22) is composed of polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel (221) composited with lithium chloride (LiCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) embedded therein and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (222) alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction.

7. The solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 1 is characterized by: The radiation condensation pattern (12) of the condensation water collection area (1) arranged outside the dome-type solar evaporator is a hexagonal mesh pattern.

8. The solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 7 is characterized by: The small spherical evaporator (31) is a 10 mm spherical particle.

9. The solar water purification evaporator based on the utilization of cyanobacteria waste according to claim 7 is characterized by: The evaporator shell (6) is a cylindrical structure, the diameter of which coincides with the hemispherical dome (13), and the height of which is higher than the water baffle (33).

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