Plate low-dust processing technology based on water-adding cutting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of artificial boards, in particular to a low-dust board processing technology based on water cutting. The process comprises the preparation steps of material selection, material pretreatment, plate forming and plate processing. According to the process, waste wood chips are used as raw materials, Portland cement and ceramic waste powder are used as adhesives, the board which has the properties of fire prevention, water prevention, insect prevention, corrosion prevention and the like and has the advantages of high strength, light weight, sound insulation, heat insulation and the like at the same time is obtained, full utilization of waste is achieved, the processing cost is reduced, energy consumption is reduced, the processing process is low in dust, and operation conditions are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of artificial boards, and in particular to a low-dust processing technology for boards based on water cutting. Background Art

[0002] In the field of artificial boards, the waterproofness, compressive strength, bending strength and durability of boards have always been pursued by the industry. Traditional boards are usually waterproofed by waterproof coatings, which are easily damaged during cutting and processing, and the flying powder is large and fine, which is easy to be inhaled into the mouth and nose and endangers human health.

[0003] Ceramics have excellent properties such as insulation, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance, and are widely used in life. Population growth and the expansion of industrialization have led to a large increase in industrial waste, and the final disposal of these wastes has raised a major problem. In the process of ceramic production, a large amount of ceramic waste (3% to 7%) is usually generated. Data show that the annual consumption of mineral raw materials in my country's ceramic industry can reach 300 million tons, while at the same time, the annual discharge of ceramic waste is as high as 18 million tons. Such large-scale raw material consumption has caused ceramic raw materials in many places, including Jingdezhen, to be on the verge of depletion. Therefore, the resource recycling of ceramic waste is particularly important.

[0004] The silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide in ceramics react chemically with calcium hydroxide and water to produce calcium silicate and aluminate. Adding ceramic waste powder to cement can promote cement hardening, improve cement performance and reduce costs. The compressive strength, flexural strength and durability of hardened cement are improved. Based on the need to obtain waterproof and fireproof high-performance artificial boards, this application makes full use of ceramic waste, cement, wood chips, etc., and uses a low-dust processing technology to prepare high-strength, lightweight, sound-insulating and heat-insulating boards, providing a new process idea for obtaining high-quality boards. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a low-dust processing technology for boards based on water cutting. Waste wood chips are used as raw materials, and silicate cement and ceramic waste powder are used as adhesives. The board has the properties of fireproofing, waterproofing, insect-proofing, and anti-corrosion, and has the advantages of high strength, light weight, sound insulation, and heat insulation. The waste is fully utilized, the processing cost is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the processing technology is low-dust, the operating conditions are improved, and the problems existing in the prior art are solved.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A low-dust processing process for plate materials based on water cutting, characterized by comprising the following operating steps:

[0008] (1) Material selection

[0009] Select waste wood chips of a single, two or more types of wood; select ceramic waste fired at 700℃~1400℃; select cement and admixtures; and set aside;

[0010] (2) Material pretreatment

[0011] Waste sawdust pretreatment: The waste sawdust was pretreated by cold water extraction for 24 hours, and then dried at 170°C for 2.5 hours to obtain absolutely dry sawdust;

[0012] Pretreatment of ceramic waste: put the initially crushed ceramic waste into a ball mill for 24h to 50h, and sieve through a 5000 mesh sieve to obtain ceramic waste powder;

[0013] Mix absolutely dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixture, add water in proportion, mix evenly, and obtain a mixed material;

[0014] (3) Sheet forming

[0015] The mixed material is laid out into a slab, and cold-pressed to form a slab to be initially obtained for water cutting; the slab is cured for a certain period of time;

[0016] (4) Plate processing

[0017] The cured board is cut with water and then dried until the moisture content of the board is 8% to 15%.

[0018] Furthermore, the total amount of cement in step (1) and ceramic waste powder in step (2) accounts for 65% to 80% of the total weight of dry materials consisting of absolutely dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and additives, and the mass ratio of cement to ceramic waste powder is 1 to 9.

[0019] Furthermore, the amount of absolute dry sawdust in step (2) accounts for 15% to 30% of the total weight of the dry material consisting of absolute dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixture; and the amount of admixture in step (1) accounts for 5% to 7.5% of the total weight of the dry material consisting of absolute dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixture.

[0020] Furthermore, the cement in step (1) is ordinary Portland cement, and the admixture is carboxymethyl cellulose; and the selection criteria for the waste wood chips in step (1) are: 10 mm to 30 mm in length, 3 mm to 7 mm in width, and 0.15 mm to 0.55 mm in thickness.

[0021] Furthermore, the waste wood chips in step (1) can be selected from poplar wood chips, mulberry wood chips, and eucalyptus wood chips.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), the waste sawdust is pretreated by cold water extraction for 24 hours, and then dried at 170° C. for 2.5 hours. Furthermore, in step (2), the dry material consisting of absolute dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixture is mixed with water, and the water-cement ratio is controlled at 0.4-0.6.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (3) of forming the sheet, the cold pressing pressure is 3.5 MPa to 7.0 MPa, and the holding time is 7 h to 9 h; during curing, the slab is placed in an environment with a temperature of 30°C to 40°C and a relative humidity of 70% to 90% for curing, and the curing time is 7 days to 30 days.

[0024] Furthermore, the specific operation of the water-added low-dust cutting of the plate processing in step (4) is as follows:

[0025] (1) When cutting, use a water gun to spray water at the cutting point 10 to 25 cm away from the cutting point of the plate;

[0026] (2) The cutting speed is 0.02-0.1 m / s and the water gun pressure is less than 1.6 MPa;

[0027] (3) After cutting, place in a drying room and dry to the required moisture content.

[0028] Furthermore, during the drying step (3), the board is kept upright to uniformly distribute the airflow in the room.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0030] The present invention is based on the low-dust processing technology of the plate by water cutting. The prepared plate has the dual characteristics of cement and wood, and has the advantages of high strength, waterproof, fireproof, anticorrosive, insect-proof, non-toxic, tasteless, etc., and has the advantages of sound insulation, heat insulation, light weight, nailing, sawing, drilling, sanding, and can be used to make sound insulation boards, ceiling boards, building templates, mobile houses and fixed furniture in various industries. The present invention uses the water-adding operation generally only used for stone cutting for plate processing. On the one hand, the excellent waterproof performance of the plate of the present invention ensures the applicability and requirements of the operation. On the other hand, it can make the plate production process low-dust and low-pollution, and no toxic substances are discharged during the use process, ensuring human health.

[0031] The use of waste sawdust and ceramic waste in the processing technology of the present invention not only enhances the performance of the board, but also efficiently optimizes the use of ceramic waste resources, reduces the amount of cement, saves costs, and achieves the optimal combination of sawdust, ceramic waste and cement. The board prepared by the present invention, as a new, green and modern building material, has broad application prospects and practical value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation methods. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Professionals in the field can understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0033] The instruments, reagents, materials, etc. involved in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods, detection methods, etc. involved in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional experimental methods, detection methods, etc. in the prior art.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A low-dust processing technology for sheet metal based on water cutting, using the following operating steps:

[0036] (1) Selection of poplar wood chips: Select poplar wood chips with a length of 15 mm to 30 mm, a width of 3 mm to 7 mm, and a thickness of 0.25 mm to 0.55 mm;

[0037] (2) pre-treating the screened sawdust by cold water extraction for 24 hours; placing the extracted sawdust in a forced air drying oven and drying at 170° C. for 2.5 hours to obtain absolutely dry sawdust;

[0038] (3) The ceramic waste sintered at 800°C was preliminarily crushed to a diameter of less than 5 cm, and then placed in a ball mill for 30 h;

[0039] (4) sieving the ball-milled ceramic waste with a 5000-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic waste powder;

[0040] (5) Mix the dry materials in the following weight proportions: 35% silicate cement, 30% ceramic waste powder, 30% absolute dry sawdust, and 5% admixture (carboxymethyl cellulose);

[0041] (6) Mix the above dry materials evenly, add water and put them into the grating mixer for further mixing, and control the water-cement ratio to 0.4;

[0042] (7) Entering the sheet forming stage:

[0043] S1. The wet materials evenly mixed by the grating mixer are laid into a slab and placed in a cold press. After maintaining the pressure at 6.0 MPa for 9 hours, a slab that can be cut by adding water is obtained;

[0044] S2. Curing the slab in a constant temperature and humidity environment with a temperature of about 35° C. and a relative humidity of about 80% for 28 days;

[0045] (8) Entering the low-dust processing stage

[0046] S1. Use a vertical and horizontal trim saw to cut at a speed of 0.06m / s, and use a water gun with a pressure of 1.0MPa to spray water at the cutting point 15cm away from the cutting point;

[0047] S2. After cutting, place the board in the drying room for drying. When the board is drying, keep it upright to even out the airflow in the room;

[0048] S3. Control the moisture content of the board between 10% and 12% by drying.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The low-dust plate processing technology based on water cutting adopts the following operating steps:

[0051] (1) Selection of poplar wood chips: Select poplar wood chips with a length of 10 mm to 15 mm, a width of 3 mm to 5 mm, and a thickness of 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm;

[0052] (2) pre-treating the screened sawdust by cold water extraction for 24 hours; placing the extracted sawdust in a forced air drying oven and drying at 170° C. for 2.5 hours to obtain absolutely dry sawdust;

[0053] (3) The ceramic waste fired at 1200°C was preliminarily crushed to a diameter of less than 5 cm, and then placed in a ball mill for 24 h;

[0054] (4) sieving the ball-milled ceramic waste with a 5000-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic waste powder;

[0055] (5) Mix the dry materials in the following weight proportions: 35% silicate cement, 35% ceramic waste powder, 25% absolute dry sawdust, and 5% admixture (carboxymethyl cellulose);

[0056] (6) Mix the dry materials evenly, add water and put them into the grating mixer for further mixing, and control the water-cement ratio to 0.5;

[0057] (7) Entering the sheet forming stage:

[0058] S1. The wet materials evenly mixed by the grating mixer are laid into a slab and placed in a cold press. After maintaining the pressure at 4.0 MPa for 9 hours, a slab that can be cut by adding water is obtained;

[0059] S2. Curing the slab in a constant temperature and humidity environment with a temperature of about 35° C. and a relative humidity of about 80% for 18 days;

[0060] (8) Entering the low-dust processing stage

[0061] S1. Use a vertical and horizontal trim saw to cut at a speed of 0.1m / s, and use a water gun with a pressure of 1.0MPa to spray water at a distance of 20cm from the cutting point;

[0062] S2. After cutting, place the board in the drying room for drying. When the board is drying, keep it upright to even out the airflow in the room;

[0063] S3. Through drying, the moisture content of the board is controlled between 11% and 14%.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] The proportion of ceramic waste in the dry material was adjusted, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of the board were tested. The test boards were divided into a control group and groups A, B, C, and D. The production process was the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0066] 0 control group: no ceramic waste powder was added;

[0067] Group A silicate cement: ceramic waste powder = 9;

[0068] Group B silicate cement: ceramic waste powder = 2.33;

[0069] Group C silicate cement: ceramic waste powder = 1;

[0070] Group D silicate cement: ceramic waste powder = 0.67.

[0071] Each of the five groups of plates was cut into a 500mm×50mm×20mm test plate, and its mechanical properties were tested. The plate was immersed in water for 48 hours for compressive strength test to obtain the softening coefficient. The experiment was repeated 10 times, and the average value was taken to obtain the results shown in Table 1 below.

[0072] Table 1:

[0073]

[0074] Conclusion: With the increase of the proportion of ceramic waste powder, the tensile and compressive strength of the board showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, the softening coefficient showed an upward trend, and the waterproof performance was significantly improved. However, when the ratio of silicate cement to ceramic waste powder was 0.67, although the board showed good waterproof performance, its compressive and tensile strengths decreased significantly, and the mechanical properties became worse. Therefore, considering the mechanical properties and waterproof properties of the board, the present invention stipulates that the ratio of silicate cement to ceramic waste powder is in the range of 1 to 9:1.

[0075] Embodiment 4:

[0076] Test the effect of waste wood chip pretreatment process on board production and performance.

[0077] The waste sawdust pretreatment process was adjusted, and 10 groups of different pretreatment processes were set. The specific process settings are shown in Table 2. The remaining steps were the same as in Example 2. The hydration heat test and the internal bonding strength test were performed on the 10 groups of boards. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0078] Table 2:

[0079]

[0080] Table 3

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Note: T is the maximum temperature, t is the time to reach the maximum temperature

[0084] Conclusion: The above data show the effect of waste sawdust pretreatment on board performance. Among them, the compatibility coefficient CT and internal bonding strength of group 7 reached the best results, see the results in Table 3. Therefore, in the pretreatment of waste sawdust, "cold water extraction method was used to pretreat waste sawdust for 24 hours, and then dried at 170℃ for 2.5 hours".

[0085] The above specific implementation manner cannot be used as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any substitution, improvement or change made to the implementation manner of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0086] The matters not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A low-dust processing technology for sheet metal based on water cutting, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: (1) Material selection Select waste wood chips of single, two or more types of wood; select ceramic waste fired at 700℃~1400℃; select cement and admixtures; and set aside; (2) Material pretreatment Waste sawdust pretreatment: Use cold water extraction method to pretreat waste sawdust, and then dry it to get absolutely dry sawdust; Pretreatment of ceramic waste: put the initially crushed ceramic waste into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieve through a 5000 mesh sieve to obtain ceramic waste powder; Mix absolutely dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixture, add water in proportion, mix evenly, and obtain a mixed material; (3) Sheet forming The mixed material is paved into a slab, and cold-pressed to initially obtain a slab for water cutting; the slab is cured for a certain period of time; (4) Plate processing The cured board is cut with water and then dried until the moisture content of the board is 8% to 15%.

2. The low-dust processing technology for sheet metal based on water cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The total amount of cement in step (1) and ceramic waste powder in step (2) accounts for 65% to 80% of the total weight of dry materials consisting of absolutely dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and additives, and the mass ratio of cement to ceramic waste powder is 1 to 9.

3. The low-dust processing technology for sheet metal based on water cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The amount of the absolute dry sawdust in step (2) accounts for 15% to 30% of the total weight of the dry materials consisting of the absolute dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixtures; the amount of the admixture in step (1) accounts for 5% to 7.5% of the total weight of the dry materials consisting of the absolute dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixtures.

4. The low-dust processing process for sheet metal based on water cutting according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The cement in step (1) is ordinary Portland cement, and the admixture is carboxymethyl cellulose; the selection criteria of the waste wood chips in step (1) are: length 10mm-30mm, width 3mm-7mm, thickness 0.15mm-0.55mm.

5. The low-dust processing process for sheet metal based on water cutting according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: In step (2), the waste sawdust is pretreated by cold water extraction for 24 hours, and then dried at 170° C. for 2.5 hours.

6. The low-dust processing process for plate materials based on water cutting according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: In step (2), the dry materials consisting of absolutely dry sawdust, ceramic waste powder, cement and admixture are mixed with water, and the water-cement ratio is controlled at 0.4-0.

6.

7. The low-dust processing technology for plate materials based on water cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3) of forming the sheet, the cold pressing pressure is 3.5 MPa to 7.0 MPa, and the holding time is 7 h to 9 h. During curing, the slab is placed in an environment with a temperature of 30°C to 40°C and a relative humidity of 70% to 90% for curing for 7 days to 30 days.

8. The low-dust processing technology for plate materials based on water cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step (4) The specific operation of water-added low-dust cutting of plate processing is as follows: (1) When cutting, use a water gun to spray water at the cutting point 10 to 25 cm away from the cutting point of the plate; (2) The cutting speed is 0.02-0.1 m / s and the water gun pressure is less than 1.6 MPa; (3) After cutting, place in a drying room and dry to the required moisture content.

9. The low-dust processing process for plate materials based on water cutting according to claim 8 is characterized in that: During step (3) drying, the board is kept upright to ensure uniform airflow in the room.

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