Composition containing refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerator having same, and method for operating

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition containing a refrigerant, a use thereof, a refrigerator having the same, and a method for operating the refrigerator. The present invention addresses the problem of providing a mixed refrigerant which has three properties, i.e., a cooling capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a microflammability (2L level) in the ASHRAE standard. A composition is provided, which is a composition comprising a refrigerant.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The Chinese national application number of the original application is 201880081357.3, the application date is October 17, 2018, and the name of the invention is "Composition containing refrigerant, its use, and refrigerator having the same and operation method of the refrigerator". Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to a composition containing a refrigerant, use thereof, a refrigerator having the composition, and an operating method of the refrigerator. Background Art

[0003] R410A is currently used as a refrigerant for air conditioning in household air conditioners, etc. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH2F2; HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C2HF5; HFC-125 or R125), which is a quasi-azeotropic composition.

[0004] However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088, and due to increasing concerns about global warming, R32 with a GWP of 675 is increasingly being used.

[0005] Therefore, various low-GWP mixed refrigerants that can replace R410A have been proposed (Patent Document 1).

[0006] Prior art literature

[0007] Patent Literature

[0008] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2015 / 186557 Summary of the invention

[0009] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0010] The present inventors have found through their own research that, in the prior art, a refrigerant composition having three properties, namely, refrigeration capacity (sometimes also referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A, sufficiently low GWP, and slightly flammable (2L grade) according to the standards of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has not yet been developed. The present invention aims to solve this unique problem.

[0011] Means for solving problems

[0012] Solution 1.

[0013] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0014] The refrigerant includes trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (R1234yf). In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0015] Point I(72.0,0.0,28.0),

[0016] Point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

[0017] Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and

[0018] Point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7)

[0019] The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments IJ, JN, NE and EI respectively connecting these four points or on the above line segments (except the points on the line segment EI).

[0020] The above line segment IJ is composed of

[0021] Coordinates(0.0236y 2 -1.7616y+72.0,y,-0.0236y 2 +0.7616y+28.0)

[0022] It is indicated that

[0023] The above line segment NE is composed of

[0024] Coordinates(0.012y 2 -1.9003y+58.3,y,-0.012y 2 +0.9003y+41.7)

[0025] Indicated, and

[0026] The above-mentioned line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

[0027] Solution 2.

[0028] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0029] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0030] Point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

[0031] Point M'(39.2,5.0,55.8),

[0032] Point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

[0033] Point V(11.0,18.1,70.9) and

[0034] Point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4)

[0035] The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG and GM respectively connecting these five points or on the above line segments (except the points on the line segment GM).

[0036] The above line segment MM' is composed of

[0037] Coordinates (0.132y 2 -3.34y+52.6,y,-0.132y 2 +2.34y+47.4)

[0038] It is indicated that

[0039] The above line segment M'N is composed of

[0040] Coordinates(0.0596y 2 -2.2541y+48.98,y,-0.0596y 2 +1.2541y+51.02)

[0041] It is indicated that

[0042] The above line segment VG is

[0043] Coordinates(0.0123y 2 -1.8033y+39.6,y,-0.0123y 2 +0.8033y+60.4)

[0044] Indicated, and

[0045] The above line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

[0046] Solution 3.

[0047] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0048] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0049] Point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

[0050] Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and

[0051] Point U(3.9,36.7,59.4)

[0052] Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments ON, NU and UO connecting these three points or on the above line segments,

[0053] The above line segment ON is composed of

[0054] Coordinates(0.0072y 2 -0.6701y+37.512,y,-0.0072y 2 -0.3299y+62.488)

[0055] It is indicated that

[0056] The above line segment NU is

[0057] Coordinates(0.0083y 2 -1.7403y+56.635,y,-0.0083y 2 +0.7403y+43.365)

[0058] Indicated, and

[0059] The above line segment UO is a straight line.

[0060] Solution 4.

[0061] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0062] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0063] Point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

[0064] Point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

[0065] Point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

[0066] Point L(28.9,51.7,19.4) and

[0067] Point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6)

[0068] The five points are connected by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK and KQ, or on the line segments.

[0069] The above line segment QR is

[0070] Coordinates(0.0099y 2 -1.975y+84.765,y,-0.0099y 2 +0.975y+15.235)

[0071] It is indicated that

[0072] The above line segment RT is

[0073] Coordinates(0.0082y 2 -1.8683y+83.126,y,-0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874)

[0074] It is indicated that

[0075] The above line segment LK is

[0076] Coordinates(0.0049y 2 -0.8842y+61.488,y,-0.0049y 2 -0.1158y+38.512)

[0077] It is indicated that

[0078] The above line segment KQ is

[0079] Coordinates(0.0095y 2 -1.2222y+67.676,y,-0.0095y 2 +0.2222y+32.324)

[0080] Indicated, and

[0081] The above-mentioned line segment TL is a straight line.

[0082] Solution 5.

[0083] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0084] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0085] Point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

[0086] Point S(21.9,39.7,38.4) and

[0087] Point T(8.6,51.6,39.8)

[0088] Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments PS, ST and TP connecting these three points or on the above line segments,

[0089] The above line segment PS is composed of

[0090] Coordinates(0.0064y 2 -0.7103y+40.1,y,-0.0064y 2 -0.2897y+59.9)

[0091] It is indicated that

[0092] The above line segment ST is composed of

[0093] Coordinates(0.0082y 2 -1.8683y+83.126,y,-0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874)

[0094] Indicated, and

[0095] The above-mentioned line segment TP is a straight line.

[0096] Solution 6.

[0097] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0098] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0099] Point a(71.1,0.0,28.9),

[0100] Point c(36.5,18.2,45.3),

[0101] Point f(47.6,18.3,34.1) and

[0102] Point d(72.0,0.0,28.0)

[0103] The four points are connected by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da, or on the line segments.

[0104] The above line segment ac is

[0105] Coordinates(0.0181y 2 -2.2288y+71.096,y,-0.0181y 2 +1.2288y+28.904),

[0106] The above line segment fd is given by

[0107] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -1.7y+72,y,-0.02y 2 +0.7y+28), and

[0108] The above line segments cf and da are straight lines.

[0109] Solution 7.

[0110] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0111] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0112] Point a(71.1,0.0,28.9),

[0113] Point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),

[0114] Point e(51.4,14.6,34.0) and

[0115] Point d(72.0,0.0,28.0)

[0116] The four points are connected by line segments ab, be, ed, and da, or on the line segments.

[0117] The above line segment ab is

[0118] Coordinates(0.0181y 2 -2.2288y+71.096,y,-0.0181y 2 +1.2288y+28.904),

[0119] The above line segment ed is

[0120] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -1.7y+72,y,-0.02y 2 +0.7y+28), and

[0121] The above line segments be and da are straight lines.

[0122] Solution 8.

[0123] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0124] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0125] Point g(77.5,6.9,15.6),

[0126] Point i(55.1,18.3,26.6) and

[0127] Point j (77.5.18.4,4.1)

[0128] The three points are connected by line segments gi, ij and jk, respectively, within the range of the figure enclosed or on the above line segments, and the above line segment gi is composed of

[0129] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -2.4583y+93.396,y,-0.02y 2 +1.4583y+6.604), and,

[0130] The above line segments ij and jk are straight lines.

[0131] Solution 9.

[0132] A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein:

[0133] The refrigerant includes HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinate (x, y, z) is

[0134] Point g(77.5,6.9,15.6),

[0135] Point h(61.8,14.6,23.6) and

[0136] Point k(77.5,14.6,7.9)

[0137] The three points are connected by line segments gh, hi and kg, respectively, within the range of the figure enclosed or on the above line segments, and the above line segment gh is composed of

[0138] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -2.4583y+93.396,y,-0.02y 2 +1.4583y+6.604), and,

[0139] The above line segments hk and kg are straight lines.

[0140] Solution 10.

[0141] The composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, further comprising a refrigerator oil, wherein the composition is used as a working fluid for a refrigerator.

[0142] Solution 11.

[0143] The composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the composition is used as a replacement refrigerant for R410A.

[0144] Solution 12.

[0145] Use of the composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 10 as an alternative refrigerant to R410A.

[0146] Solution 13.

[0147] A refrigerator comprising the composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10 as a working fluid.

[0148] Solution 14.

[0149] A method is a method for operating a refrigerator, wherein:

[0150] The method comprises the step of circulating the composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 10 as a working fluid in a refrigerator.

[0151] Effects of the Invention

[0152] The refrigerant of the present invention has three properties: it has a cooling capacity equivalent to that of R410A, has a sufficiently small GWP, and is slightly flammable (class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0153] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an apparatus used for measuring the burning rate.

[0154] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W and line segments connecting these points in a three-component composition diagram in which the total of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0155] The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems and have found that a mixed refrigerant containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (HFC-32 or R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (HFO-1234yf or R1234yf) has the above characteristics.

[0156] The present invention has been completed through further research based on this technical idea. The present invention includes the following embodiments.

[0157] <Definition of terms>

[0158] In this specification, the term "refrigerant" includes at least compounds determined by ISO817 (International Organization for Standardization) and marked with a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) starting with R indicating the type of refrigerant, and also includes substances that have the same properties as refrigerants although the refrigerant number is not marked. Refrigerants are roughly divided into "fluorocarbon compounds" and "non-fluorocarbon compounds" in terms of the structure of the compounds. "Fluorocarbon compounds" include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Examples of "non-fluorocarbon compounds" include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744) and ammonia (R717).

[0159] In this specification, the term "composition containing a refrigerant" includes at least: (1) the refrigerant itself (including a refrigerant mixture); (2) a composition further comprising other components and capable of being used to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerator by mixing at least with a refrigerator oil; and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerator containing refrigerator oil. In this specification, the composition of (2) of these three methods is distinguished from the refrigerant itself (including a refrigerant mixture) and recorded as a "refrigerant composition". In addition, the working fluid for a refrigerator in (3) is distinguished from the "refrigerant composition" and recorded as a "working fluid containing refrigerator oil".

[0160] In this specification, the term "replacement", when used in a sentence in which a second refrigerant is used to "replace" a first refrigerant, refers to a first type in which a device designed to operate using a first refrigerant can be operated under optimal conditions using a second refrigerant only by making changes to small components (at least one of other components such as refrigeration oil, gaskets, seals, expansion valves, dryers, etc.) as required and adjusting the equipment. In other words, this type refers to operating the same device by "replacing" a refrigerant. This type of "replacement" includes "drop-in replacement," "nearly drop-in replacement," and "retrofit," in the order of the smallest degree of change or adjustment required when replacing with a second refrigerant.

[0161] As a second type, in order to use a device designed to operate with a second refrigerant for the same purpose as the existing use of the first refrigerant, the second refrigerant is installed and used, which is also included in the term "replacement". This type means "replacing" the refrigerant to provide the same purpose.

[0162] In this specification, the term "refrigerator" refers to any device that removes heat from an object or space to a lower temperature than the surrounding external air and maintains the low temperature. In other words, a refrigerator is a conversion device that converts energy to perform work by obtaining energy from the outside in order to move heat from a low temperature to a high temperature.

[0163] In this specification, the refrigerant is "WCF slightly flammable" means that according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard, the burning speed of the most flammable component (WCF) is 10 cm / s or less. In addition, in this specification, the refrigerant is "ASHRAE slightly flammable" means that the burning speed of WCF is 10 cm / s or less, and the burning speed of the most flammable fractionation component (WCFF) determined by the leakage test during storage, transportation, and use based on ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 using WCF is 10 cm / s or less, and the flammability classification judgment of the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard is "2L grade".

[0164] 1. refrigerant

[0165] 1.1 Refrigerant composition

[0166] The refrigerant of the present invention is a mixed refrigerant containing trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (R1234yf).

[0167] The refrigerant of the present invention has various characteristics that are preferable as an alternative refrigerant to R410A, namely, it has a cooling capacity equivalent to that of R410A, has a sufficiently small GWP, and is slightly flammable (2L class) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0168] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0169] Point I(72.0,0.0,28.0),

[0170] Point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

[0171] Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and

[0172] Point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7)

[0173] The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments IJ, JN, NE and EI respectively connecting these four points or on the above line segments (except the points on the line segment EI).

[0174] The above line segment IJ is composed of

[0175] Coordinates(0.0236y 2 -1.7616y+72.0,y,-0.0236y 2 +0.7616y+28.0)

[0176] It is indicated that

[0177] The above line segment NE is composed of

[0178] Coordinates(0.012y 2 -1.9003y+58.3,y,-0.012y 2 +0.9003y+41.7)

[0179] Indicated, and

[0180] It is preferred that the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. The refrigerant of the present invention, when meeting the above conditions, has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 80% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and is slightly flammable in WCF.

[0181] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0182] Point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

[0183] Point M'(39.2,5.0,55.8),

[0184] Point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

[0185] Point V(11.0,18.1,70.9) and

[0186] Point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4)

[0187] The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG and GM respectively connecting these five points or on the above line segments (except the points on the line segment GM).

[0188] The above line segment MM' is composed of

[0189] Coordinates (0.132y 2 -3.34y+52.6,y,-0.132y 2 +2.34y+47.4)

[0190] It is indicated that

[0191] The above line segment M'N is composed of

[0192] Coordinates(0.0596y 2 -2.2541y+48.98,y,-0.0596y 2 +1.2541y+51.02)

[0193] It is indicated that

[0194] The above line segment VG is

[0195] Coordinates(0.0123y 2 -1.8033y+39.6,y,-0.0123y 2 +0.8033y+60.4)

[0196] Indicated, and

[0197] It is preferred that the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. The refrigerant of the present invention, when meeting the above conditions, has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 70% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and is slightly flammable according to ASHRAE.

[0198] In the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0199] Point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

[0200] Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and

[0201] Point U(3.9,36.7,59.4)

[0202] Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments ON, NU and UO connecting these three points or on the above line segments,

[0203] The above line segment ON is composed of

[0204] Coordinates(0.0072y 2 -0.6701y+37.512,y,-0.0072y 2 -0.3299y+62.488)

[0205] It is indicated that

[0206] The above line segment NU is

[0207] Coordinates(0.0083y 2 -1.7403y+56.635,y,-0.0083y 2 +0.7403y+43.365)

[0208] Indicated, and

[0209] It is preferred that the line segment UO is a straight line. When the above conditions are met, the refrigerant of the present invention has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 80% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and is slightly flammable according to ASHRAE.

[0210] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0211] Point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

[0212] Point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

[0213] Point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

[0214] Point L(28.9,51.7,19.4) and

[0215] Point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6)

[0216] The five points are connected by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK and KQ, or on the line segments.

[0217] The above line segment QR is

[0218] Coordinates(0.0099y 2 -1.975y+84.765,y,-0.0099y 2+0.975y+15.235)

[0219] It is indicated that

[0220] The above line segment RT is

[0221] Coordinates(0.0082y 2 -1.8683y+83.126,y,-0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874)

[0222] It is indicated that

[0223] The above line segment LK is

[0224] Coordinates(0.0049y 2 -0.8842y+61.488,y,-0.0049y 2 -0.1158y+38.512)

[0225] It is indicated that

[0226] The above line segment KQ is

[0227] Coordinates(0.0095y 2 -1.2222y+67.676,y,-0.0095y 2 +0.2222y+32.324)

[0228] Indicated, and

[0229] It is preferred that the line segment TL is a straight line. When the above conditions are met, the refrigerant of the present invention has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 92.5% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and is slightly flammable in WCF.

[0230] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0231] Point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

[0232] Point S(21.9,39.7,38.4) and

[0233] Point T(8.6,51.6,39.8)

[0234] Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments PS, ST and TP connecting these three points or on the above line segments,

[0235] The above line segment PS is composed of

[0236] Coordinates(0.0064y 2 -0.7103y+40.1,y,-0.0064y 2 -0.2897y+59.9)

[0237] It is indicated that

[0238] The above line segment ST is composed of

[0239] Coordinates(0.0082y 2 -1.8683y+83.126,y,-0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874)

[0240] Indicated, and

[0241] It is preferred that the line segment TP is a straight line. When the above conditions are met, the refrigerant of the present invention has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 92.5% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and is slightly flammable according to ASHRAE.

[0242] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0243] Point a(71.1,0.0,28.9),

[0244] Point c(36.5,18.2,45.3),

[0245] Point f(47.6,18.3,34.1) and

[0246] Point d(72.0,0.0,28.0)

[0247] The four points are connected by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da, or on the line segments.

[0248] The above line segment ac is

[0249] Coordinates(0.0181y 2 -2.2288y+71.096,y,-0.0181y 2 +1.2288y+28.904)

[0250] It is indicated that

[0251] The above line segment fd is given by

[0252] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -1.7y+72,y,-0.02y 2 +0.7y+28)

[0253] Indicated, and

[0254] The line segments cf and da are preferably straight lines. The refrigerant of the present invention, when satisfying the above conditions, has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 85% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and is slightly flammable (2L class) according to the ASHRAE standard.

[0255] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0256] Point a(71.1,0.0,28.9),

[0257] Point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),

[0258] Point e(51.4,14.6,34.0) and

[0259] Point d(72.0,0.0,28.0)

[0260] The four points are connected by line segments ab, be, ed, and da, or on the line segments.

[0261] The above line segment ab is

[0262] Coordinates(0.0181y 2 -2.2288y+71.096,y,-0.0181y 2 +1.2288y+28.904)

[0263] It is indicated that

[0264] The above line segment ed is

[0265] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -1.7y+72,y,-0.02y 2 +0.7y+28)

[0266] Indicated, and

[0267] The refrigerant of the present invention preferably has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 85% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and is slightly flammable (2L class) according to the ASHRAE standard when the above conditions are met.

[0268] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0269] Point g(77.5,6.9,15.6),

[0270] Point iI(55.1,18.3,26.6) and

[0271] Point j (77.5.18.4,4.1)

[0272] The three points are connected by line segments gi, ij and jk, respectively, within the range of the figure enclosed or on the above line segments, and the above line segment gi is composed of

[0273] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -2.4583y+93.396,y,-0.02y 2 +1.4583y+6.604)

[0274] Indicated, and

[0275] The above line segments ij and jk are preferably straight lines. When the above conditions are met, the refrigerant of the present invention has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 95% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and is unlikely to undergo changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and has excellent stability.

[0276] For the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, if the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0277] Point g(77.5,6.9,15.6),

[0278] Point h(61.8,14.6,23.6) and

[0279] Point k(77.5,14.6,7.9)

[0280] The three points are connected by line segments gh, hk and kg, respectively, within the range of the figure enclosed or on the above line segments, and the above line segment gh is composed of

[0281] Coordinates(0.02y 2 -2.4583y+93.396,y,-0.02y 2 +1.4583y+6.604)

[0282] Indicated, and

[0283] It is preferred that the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the above conditions are met, the refrigerant of the present invention has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 95% or more based on R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, is unlikely to undergo changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and has excellent stability.

[0284] The refrigerant of the present invention may contain other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf within the range that does not impair the above-mentioned characteristics or effects. From this aspect, the refrigerant of the present invention preferably contains 99.5% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, more preferably 99.75% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99.9% by mass or more relative to the entire refrigerant.

[0285] The additional refrigerant is not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range. The mixed refrigerant may contain one type of additional refrigerant alone or two or more types.

[0286] 1.2 use

[0287] The refrigerant of the present invention can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerator.

[0288] The composition of the present invention is suitable for use as a refrigerant substitute for R410A.

[0289] 2. Refrigerant composition

[0290] The refrigerant composition of the present invention contains at least the refrigerant of the present invention and can be used for the same purpose as the refrigerant of the present invention. In addition, the refrigerant composition of the present invention can be further used to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerator by mixing with at least a refrigerator oil.

[0291] The refrigerant composition of the present invention contains at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant of the present invention. As required, the refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain at least one of the following other components. As described above, when the refrigerant composition of the present invention is used as a working fluid in a refrigerator, it is usually mixed with at least refrigeration machine oil for use. Therefore, the refrigerant composition of the present invention preferably does not substantially contain refrigeration machine oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition of the present invention, the content of refrigeration machine oil relative to the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0 to 0.1% by mass.

[0292] 2.1 Water

[0293] The refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain a trace amount of water. The water content in the refrigerant composition is preferably less than 0.1% by mass relative to the entire refrigerant. By making the refrigerant composition contain a trace amount of water, the intramolecular double bonds of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds contained in the refrigerant are stabilized, and in addition, it is not easy to cause oxidation of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds, so the stability of the refrigerant composition is improved.

[0294] 2.2 Tracer

[0295] In order to track the changes of the refrigerant composition of the present invention when it is diluted, contaminated, or undergoes other changes, a tracer is added to the refrigerant composition of the present invention at a detectable concentration.

[0296] The refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain a single type of tracer, or may contain two or more types of tracers.

[0297] The tracer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used tracers. It is preferred that a compound that cannot become an impurity that is inevitably mixed into the refrigerant of the present invention be selected as the tracer.

[0298] Examples of the tracer include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N2O), etc. As the tracer, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, and fluoroethers are particularly preferred.

[0299] Specifically, the following compounds are preferred as the tracer.

[0300] FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF4)

[0301] HCC-40 (Methyl Chloride, CH3Cl)

[0302] HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF3)

[0303] HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH3Cl)

[0304] HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF3CHF2)

[0305] HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CH2F)

[0306] HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF2CHF2)

[0307] HFC-143a(1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF3CH3)

[0308] HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF2CH2F)

[0309] HFC-152a(1,1-difluoroethane, CHF2CH3)

[0310] HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH2FCH2F)

[0311] HFC-161 (Ethyl fluoride, CH3CH2F)

[0312] HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2) HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF3) HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CHFCHF2) HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF3CHFCF3) HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2)

[0313] HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH2ClF)

[0314] CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF2=CClF)

[0315] HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF3OCHF2) HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF3OCH2F) HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF3OCH3)

[0316] HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF3OCHFCF3) HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF3OCH2CF3)

[0317] The tracer compound can be present in the refrigerant composition at a combined concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) by weight to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a combined concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a combined concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

[0318] 2.3 UV fluorescent dye

[0319] The refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain one type of ultraviolet fluorescent dye alone, or may contain two or more types.

[0320] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0321] Examples of the ultraviolet fluorescent dye include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene and fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. As the ultraviolet fluorescent dye, one or both of naphthalimide and coumarin are particularly preferred.

[0322] 2.4 Stabilizer

[0323] The refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain one type of stabilizer alone, or may contain two or more types of stabilizers.

[0324] The stabilizer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from stabilizers generally used.

[0325] Examples of the stabilizer include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

[0326] Examples of the nitro compound include aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane, and aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene.

[0327] Examples of the ethers include 1,4-dioxane and the like.

[0328] Examples of the amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

[0329] In addition, butylhydroxyxylene, benzotriazole, etc. are mentioned.

[0330] The content of the stabilizer is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass, based on the entire refrigerant.

[0331] 2.5 Inhibitor

[0332] The refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain a single polymerization inhibitor or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

[0333] The polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

[0334] Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

[0335] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass, based on the entire refrigerant.

[0336] 3. Working fluid containing refrigeration oil

[0337] The working fluid containing refrigeration oil of the present invention comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition of the present invention and refrigeration oil, and is used as a working fluid in a refrigerator. Specifically, the working fluid containing refrigeration oil of the present invention is obtained by mixing refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerator with a refrigerant or a refrigerant composition. The working fluid containing refrigeration oil generally contains 10 to 50% by mass of refrigeration oil.

[0338] 3.1 Refrigeration oil

[0339] The composition of the present invention may contain one type of refrigeration oil alone, or may contain two or more types of refrigeration oil.

[0340] The refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used refrigerating machine oils. In this case, a refrigerating machine oil that is more excellent in improving the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture can be appropriately selected as needed.

[0341] As the base oil of the refrigerating machine oil, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE) and polyvinyl ether (PVE) is preferable.

[0342] The refrigerating machine oil may contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper passivators, rust inhibitors, oiliness agents, and defoaming agents.

[0343] As the refrigerating machine oil, from the viewpoint of lubrication, a refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 5 to 400 cSt is preferred.

[0344] The working fluid containing refrigerator oil of the present invention may further contain at least one additive as required. Examples of the additive include the following compatibilizers.

[0345] 3.2 Compatibilizer

[0346] The working fluid containing refrigerator oil of the present invention may contain one type of compatibilizer alone, or may contain two or more types of compatibilizers.

[0347] The compatibilizer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used compatibilizers.

[0348] Examples of the compatibilizer include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. As the compatibilizer, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers are particularly preferred.

[0349] 4. How to operate a refrigerator

[0350] The method for operating a refrigerator of the present invention is a method for operating a refrigerator using the refrigerant of the present invention.

[0351] Specifically, the method for operating a refrigerator of the present invention includes a step of circulating the refrigerant of the present invention in the refrigerator.

[0352] Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, it should be understood that various changes can be made to the mode and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims.

[0353] Example

[0354] The following examples are given to further explain the present invention in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0355] The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is set as WCF. According to the ASHRAE34-2013 standard, leakage simulation is carried out according to the NIST standard reference database Refleak version 4.0 under the conditions of equipment, storage, transportation, leakage and recharge, and the most flammable fraction is taken as WCFF.

[0356] It should be noted that the burning rate test uses Figure 1The device shown is carried out as follows. First, the mixed refrigerant used is made to have a purity of 99.5% or more, and the cycle of freezing, suction and thawing is repeated until no trace of air is seen on the vacuum gauge, thereby degassing. The combustion rate is measured by a closed method. The initial temperature is the ambient temperature. Ignition is carried out by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of the sample cell. The duration of the discharge is 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy is typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame is visualized using a Schlieren photograph. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) with two acrylic windows for passing light is used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp is used as the light source. The Schlieren image of the flame is recorded at a frame rate of 600 fps using a high-speed digital camera and saved in a PC. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0357]

Table 1

[0358]

[0359]

Table 2

[0360]

[0361]

Table 3

[0362]

[0363] From these results, it can be seen that when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % is x, y and z respectively, when the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, Figure 2 In the three-component composition diagram, when the coordinates (x, y, z) are on the line segment connecting points I, J, K and L or on the lower side of the line segment, WCF is slightly flammable.

[0364] In addition, these results show that Figure 2 In the three-component composition diagram, when the above coordinates (x, y, z) are on the line segment connecting point M, point M', point W, point J, point N and point P or on the lower side of the line segment, it is ASHRAE slightly flammable.

[0365] HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf were mixed according to the mass % shown in Tables 4 to 32 based on their total, to prepare a mixed refrigerant. For each mixed refrigerant in Tables 4 to 32, the coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigeration capacity ratio were calculated based on R410. The calculation conditions are as follows.

[0366] Evaporation temperature: 5℃

[0367] Condensation temperature: 45℃

[0368] Overheat: 5K

[0369] Supercooling degree: 5K

[0370] Compressor efficiency 70%

[0371] These values ​​are shown in Tables 4 to 32 together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

[0372]

Table 4

[0373]

[0374]

Table 5

[0375]

[0376]

Table 6

[0377]

[0378]

Table 7

[0379]

[0380]

Table 8

[0381]

[0382]

Table 9

[0383]

[0384]

Table 10

[0385]

[0386]

Table 11

[0387] project unit Comparative Example 21 Comparative Example 22 Embodiment 29 Comparative Example 23 Embodiment 30 Comparative Example 24 Comparative Example 25 Comparative Example 26 HFO-1132(E) quality% 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 quality% 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf quality% 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP - 71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8 99.5 99.2 99.1 Refrigeration capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 61.8 68.3 74.3 79.7 84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4

[0388]

Table 12

[0389]

[0390]

Table 13

[0391]

[0392]

Table 14

[0393]

[0394]

Table 15

[0395] project unit Comparative Example 46 Comparative Example 47 Comparative Example 48 Comparative Example 49 Embodiment 36 Embodiment 37 Embodiment 38 Comparative Example 50 HFO-1132(E) quality% 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 quality% 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf quality% 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP - 204 204 204 204 239 238 238 238 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4 Refrigeration capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3 93.7 98.6

[0396]

Table 16

[0397] project unit Comparative Example 51 Comparative Example 52 Comparative Example 53 Comparative Example 54 Embodiment 39 Comparative Example 55 Comparative Example 56 Comparative Example 57 HFO-1132(E) quality% 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 R32 quality% 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf quality% 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP - 237 237 272 272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6 99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 Refrigeration capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 103.2 107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3

[0398]

Table 17

[0399] project unit Embodiment 40 Embodiment 41 Comparative Example 58 Comparative Example 59 Comparative Example 60 Embodiment 42 Comparative Example 61 Comparative Example 62 HFO-1132(E) quality% 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 quality% 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf quality% 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP - 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5 Refrigeration capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4 97.8 102.9 107.5

[0400]

Table 18

[0401] project unit Comparative Example 63 Comparative Example 64 Comparative Example 65 Comparative Example 66 Embodiment 43 Embodiment 44 Embodiment 45 Embodiment 46 HFO-1132(E) quality% 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 quality% 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf quality% 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 GWP - 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 Refrigeration capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6 86.0

[0402]

Table 19

[0403] project unit Embodiment 47 Embodiment 48 Embodiment 49 Embodiment 50 Embodiment 51 Embodiment 52 Embodiment 53 Embodiment 54 HFO-1132(E) quality% 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 quality% 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf quality% 45.0 42.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP - 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 Refrigeration capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0 83.5

[0404]

Table 20

[0405]

[0406]

Table 21

[0407]

[0408]

Table 22

[0409]

[0410]

Table 23

[0411]

[0412]

Table 24

[0413]

[0414]

Table 25

[0415]

[0416]

Table 26

[0417]

[0418]

Table 27

[0419]

[0420]

Table 28

[0421]

[0422]

Table 29

[0423]

[0424]

Table 30

[0425]

[0426]

Table 31

[0427]

[0428]

Table 32

[0429] project unit Embodiment 151 Embodiment 152 HFO-1132(E) quality% 25.0 28.0 R32 quality% 49.0 49.0 R1234yf quality% 26.0 23.0 GWP - 332 332 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 100.3 100.1 Refrigeration capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 99.8 101.3

[0430] From these results, it can be seen that when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their total is represented by x, y and z respectively, in the three-component composition diagram in which the total of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0431] Point I(72.0,0.0,28.0),

[0432] Point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

[0433] Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and

[0434] Point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7)

[0435] The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments IJ, JN, NE and EI respectively connecting these four points or on the above line segments (except the points on the line segment EI).

[0436] The above line segment IJ is composed of

[0437] Coordinates(0.0236y 2 -1.7616y+72.0,y,-0.0236y 2 +0.7616y+28.0)

[0438] It is indicated that

[0439] The above line segment NE is composed of

[0440] Coordinates(0.012y 2 -1.9003y+58.3,y,-0.012y 2 +0.9003y+41.7)

[0441] Indicated, and

[0442] When the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80% or more, the GWP is 125 or less, and the WCF is slightly flammable.

[0443] In addition, for the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0444] Point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

[0445] Point M'(39.2,5.0,55.8),

[0446] Point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

[0447] Point V(11.0,18.1,70.9) and

[0448] Point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4)

[0449] The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG and GM respectively connecting these five points or on the above line segments (except the points on the line segment GM).

[0450] The above line segment MM' is composed of

[0451] Coordinates (0.132y 2 -3.34y+52.6,y,-0.132y 2 +2.34y+47.4)

[0452] It is indicated that

[0453] The above line segment M'N is composed of

[0454] Coordinates(0.0596y 2 -2.2541y+48.98,y,-0.0596y 2 +1.2541y+51.02)

[0455] It is indicated that

[0456] The above line segment VG is

[0457] Coordinates(0.0123y 2 -1.8033y+39.6,y,-0.0123y 2 +0.8033y+60.4)

[0458] Indicated, and

[0459] When the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, it can be seen that the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 70% or more, the GWP is 125 or less, and it is slightly flammable according to ASHRAE.

[0460] Furthermore, for the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0461] Point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

[0462] Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and

[0463] Point U(3.9,36.7,59.4)

[0464] Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments ON, NU and UO connecting these three points or on the above line segments,

[0465] The above line segment ON is composed of

[0466] Coordinates(0.0072y 2 -0.6701y+37.512,y,-0.0072y 2 -0.3299y+62.488)

[0467] It is indicated that

[0468] The above line segment NU is

[0469] Coordinates(0.0083y 2 -1.7403y+56.635,y,-0.0083y 2 +0.7403y+43.365)

[0470] Indicated, and

[0471] When the line segment UO is a straight line, it can be seen that the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80% or more, the GWP is 250 or less, and it is slightly flammable according to ASHRAE.

[0472] In addition, for the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0473] Point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

[0474] Point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

[0475] Point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

[0476] Point L(28.9,51.7,19.4) and

[0477] Point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6)

[0478] The five points are connected by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK and KQ, or on the line segments.

[0479] The above line segment QR is

[0480] Coordinates(0.0099y 2 -1.975y+84.765,y,-0.0099y 2 +0.975y+15.235)

[0481] It is indicated that

[0482] The above line segment RT is

[0483] Coordinates(0.0082y 2 -1.8683y+83.126,y,-0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874)

[0484] It is indicated that

[0485] The above line segment LK is

[0486] Coordinates(0.0049y 2 -0.8842y+61.488,y,-0.0049y 2 -0.1158y+38.512)

[0487] It is indicated that

[0488] The above line segment KQ is

[0489] Coordinates(0.0095y 2 -1.2222y+67.676,y,-0.0095y 2 +0.2222y+32.324)

[0490] Indicated, and

[0491] When the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 92.5% or more, the GWP is 350 or less, and the WCF is slightly flammable.

[0492] Furthermore, for the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100 mass %, the coordinates (x, y, z) are

[0493] Point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

[0494] Point S(21.9,39.7,38.4) and

[0495] Point T(8.6,51.6,39.8)

[0496] Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments PS, ST and TP connecting these three points or on the above line segments,

[0497] The above line segment PS is composed of

[0498] Coordinates(0.0064y 2 -0.7103y+40.1,y,-0.0064y 2 -0.2897y+59.9)

[0499] It is indicated that

[0500] The above line segment ST is composed of

[0501] Coordinates(0.0082y 2 -1.8683y+83.126,y,-0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874)

[0502] Indicated, and

[0503] When the line segment TP is a straight line, it is found that the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 92.5% or more, the GWP is 350 or less, and it is slightly flammable according to ASHRAE.

[0504] Explanation of symbols

[0505] 1: Sample pool

[0506] 2: High-speed camera

[0507] 3: Xenon lamp

[0508] 4: Collimating lens

[0509] 5: Collimating lens

[0510] 6: Ring filter.

Claims

1. A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein: The composition is used as a replacement refrigerant for R410A. The refrigerant contains trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (R1234yf), and contains 99.5% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf in total relative to the entire refrigerant. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y and z, in a three-component composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, the coordinates (x, y, z) are located at the position where Point I(72.0,0.0,28.0), Point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and Point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7) The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments IJ, JN, NE and EI respectively connected by these four points, or on the line segments, except for the points on the line segment EI. The line segment IJ is composed of Coordinates(0.0236y 2 -1.7616y+72.0,y,-0.0236y 2 +0.7616y+28.0) It is indicated that The line segment NE is composed of Coordinates(0.012y 2 -1.9003y+58.3,y,-0.012y 2 +0.9003y+41.7) Indicated, and The line segments JN and EI are straight lines, The composition further contains 0.1 mass % or less of water based on the entire refrigerant.

2. A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein: The composition is used as a replacement refrigerant for R410A. The refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, and contains 99.5% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf in total relative to the entire refrigerant. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), Point M'(39.2,5.0,55.8), Point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), Point V(11.0,18.1,70.9) and Point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4) The points are within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG and GM respectively connected by these five points, or on the line segments, except for the points on the line segment GM. The line segment MM' is composed of Coordinates(0.132y 2 -3.34y+52.6,y,-0.132y 2 +2.34y+47.4) It is indicated that The line segment M'N is composed of Coordinates(0.0596y 2 -2.2541y+48.98,y,-0.0596y 2 +1.2541y+51.02) It is indicated that The line segment VG is composed of Coordinates(0.0123y 2 -1.8033y+39.6,y,-0.0123y 2 +0.8033y+60.4) Indicated, and The line segments NV and GM are straight lines, The composition further contains 0.1 mass % or less of water based on the entire refrigerant.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein The line segment MM′ and the line segment M′N are defined as shown in FIG. 2 .

4. A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein: The composition is used as a replacement refrigerant for R410A. The refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, and contains 99.5% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf in total relative to the entire refrigerant. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), Point N(27.7,18.2,54.1) and Point U(3.9,36.7,59.4) Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments ON, NU and UO connecting these three points or on the line segments, The line segment ON consists of Coordinates(0.0072y 2 -0.6701y+37.512,y,-0.0072y 2 -0.3299y+62.488) It is indicated that The line segment NU is composed of Coordinates(0.0083y 2 -1.7403y+56.635,y,-0.0083y 2 +0.7403y+43.365) Indicated, and The line segment UO is a straight line, The composition further contains 0.1 mass % or less of water based on the entire refrigerant.

5. A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein: The composition is used as a replacement refrigerant for R410A. The refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, and contains 99.5% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf in total relative to the entire refrigerant. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), Point R(25.5,36.8,37.7) and Point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6) Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments QR, RK and KQ connecting these three points or on the line segments, The line segment QR is composed of Coordinates(0.0099y 2 -1.975y+84.765,y,-0.0099y 2 +0.975y+15.235) It is indicated that The line segment KQ is given by Coordinates(0.0095y 2 -1.2222y+67.676,y,-0.0095y 2 +0.2222y+32.324) Indicated, and The line segment RK is a straight line, The composition further contains 0.1 mass % or less of water based on the entire refrigerant.

6. A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein: The composition is used as a replacement refrigerant for R410A. The refrigerant contains HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, and contains 99.5% by mass or more of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf in total relative to the entire refrigerant. In the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on the total mass % thereof are denoted as x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram in which the total mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, the coordinates (x, y, z) are Point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), Point S(21.9,39.7,38.4) and Point T(8.6,51.6,39.8) Within the range of the figure enclosed by the line segments PS, ST and TP connecting these three points or on the line segments, The line segment PS is composed of Coordinates(0.0064y 2 -0.7103y+40.1,y,-0.0064y 2 -0.2897y+59.9) It is indicated that The line segment ST is composed of Coordinates(0.0082y 2 -1.8683y+83.126,y,-0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874) Indicated, and The line segment TP is a straight line, The composition further contains 0.1 mass % or less of water based on the entire refrigerant.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The composition further contains refrigerator oil, and the composition is used as a working fluid for a refrigerator.

8. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a refrigerant substitute for R410A.

9. A refrigerator comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a working fluid.

10. A method, which is a method for operating a refrigerator, wherein: The method comprises the step of circulating the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a working fluid in a refrigerator.

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