Multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector and method based on volute spiral spring

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector and method based on a volute spiral spring, the device comprises an energy conversion mechanism, a center shaft and an energy collection mechanism, the inner wall of a shell of the energy collection mechanism is provided with a ratchet wheel bidirectional converter, a driving small ball, a track and a volute spiral spring assembly, the driving small ball is arranged in the track, and the volute spiral spring assembly is arranged in the track. The ratchet wheel bidirectional converter can enable a driving disc in the energy conversion mechanism to rotate in one direction no matter which direction the small ball is driven to roll, the volute spiral spring assembly can convert the kinetic energy generated by anticlockwise rolling into elastic energy to be stored, and the elastic energy is released when the small ball is driven to roll clockwise. Compared with the prior art, large acceleration is provided for the driving ball, the driving ball can obtain higher maximum rotating speed under the condition of the same wave frequency and obtain large power output under the condition of lower wave frequency, meanwhile, energy loss is reduced through the volute spiral spring, and therefore high output is achieved within the wide frequency range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ocean energy collection, in particular to a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of Internet technology, the world is undergoing unprecedented changes. As an important part of this change, the importance of marine informatics is becoming increasingly prominent. By monitoring the ocean, we can better understand changes in the marine environment, predict natural disasters, protect the marine ecology, and promote sustainable marine economic development. With the rapid development of 5G network technology and wireless low-power sensor technology, more and more ocean monitoring systems are being used to monitor the marine environment, such as monitoring the growth status of marine plants, sea water temperature, and geological disasters. However, most sensors require batteries, and the development of these technologies is limited by the high cost, short life, inconvenient replacement, and environmental pollution of batteries. Therefore, how to use wave energy in the marine environment instead of chemical batteries to power the sensor system has become a research hotspot.

[0003] At present, the method of converting ocean wave energy into electrical energy using piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) uses the positive piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy in the ocean into electrical energy. It has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, high output voltage, low cost, and easy miniaturization. It has become a popular form of collecting ocean wave energy.

[0004] In piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs), piezoelectric cantilever beams are a typical energy harvesting device used to absorb external vibrations. Due to the limitations of piezoelectric materials and cantilever beam size, the resonant frequency of piezoelectric energy harvesters is usually high and difficult to match with low-frequency excitation. Only when the external excitation frequency is consistent with the resonant frequency of the cantilever beam can the device output energy efficiently. However, in nature, the frequency of waves is usually below 2Hz, which is much lower than the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever beam. This results in low output power of piezoelectric cantilever beam energy harvesters. Therefore, how to convert low-frequency wave signals into high-frequency signals that match the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever beam has become an important direction of current research.

[0005] In order to effectively absorb wave energy of lower frequencies, the internal circuits and conversion mechanisms of current piezoelectric energy harvesters are optimized for a specific frequency range. As a result, the piezoelectric energy harvester can only generate higher electrical energy output at a certain frequency, while the output will drop significantly at other frequencies. For example: a floating piezoelectric electromagnetic hybrid wave vibration energy harvester driven by a rotating swinging ball, when the external wave frequency is 1.4Hz, the piezoelectric module reaches the maximum output, but its output at other frequencies, especially at 0.4Hz, drops by 54%, far below the maximum output; a magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester driven by a rotating rolling ball, used to collect low-frequency multi-directional wave energy, reaches the maximum output when the external frequency is 0.9Hz, but at the lower 0.4Hz, the output drops by 67%, and the same is true at the higher frequency of 1.4Hz; a new type of hybrid electromagnetic and piezoelectric sensor - smart nodding duck (SND), under wave excitation, the electromagnetic generator of SND reaches the maximum output at a frequency of 0.8Hz, but it also has the problem of significant output drop at a wider bandwidth under a larger bandwidth. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy harvester based on a scroll spring, which can harvest energy at a lower frequency and achieve maximum power output, and maintain a higher output within a wider frequency range.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] A multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring, comprising an energy conversion mechanism and an energy collection mechanism of a cantilever beam structure, wherein the energy collection mechanism comprises: a central axis, one end of which is used to connect the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure; a shell, the shell comprising an inner upper cover and an inner lower cover, the inner upper cover being connected to the bottom of a support frame; the inner lower cover being connected to the inner upper cover; a track being provided on the inner wall of the shell, and also comprising: a ratchet two-way converter, comprising: a first ratchet sleeve being provided on the central axis, and having an interference fit with the central axis; a second ratchet being connected to the central axis through a ratchet bearing, and being located below the first ratchet, and having the ratchet teeth facing in the opposite direction to those of the first ratchet; an outer wheel being a tubular structure, and having ratchet claws provided on the inner wall, and the outer wheel sleeve being provided outside the two ratchet wheels, and being provided through The ratchet bearing is connected to the central axis, and the outer wheel rotates forward and reversely, respectively, to drive the first ratchet and the second ratchet to rotate; a driving ball is arranged in the track and connected to the outer side of the outer wheel through a ball bracket, and the driving ball rolls in the track driven by wave energy to drive the outer wheel to rotate; a volute spring assembly is used to tighten and store energy when the second ratchet rotates, and release energy when the first ratchet rotates to provide acceleration for the rotation of the first ratchet, including: a volute spring; an upper spring holder, connected to the bottom of the second ratchet, rotates with the second ratchet, and has an interference fit with the head of the volute spring; a lower spring holder is arranged at the bottom of the shell, has an interference fit with the end of the volute spring, and the end of the central axis is connected to the lower spring holder through a lower end bearing.

[0009] Furthermore, the energy conversion mechanism includes: a support frame, connected to the top of the housing of the energy collection mechanism through a third bolt, and the central axis is connected to the support frame through a bearing; a plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers are arranged on the support frame, and each of the cantilever beam structures includes: a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is vertically fixed on the support frame, and a response magnet is fixed on both sides of the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; a rotating disk is concentrically arranged in an annular array formed by a plurality of cantilever beam structures, and a plurality of excitation magnets are arranged on the circumference, and the excitation magnets are made of neodymium iron boron. The bottom center of the rotating disk is connected to one end of the central axis; the kinetic energy of driving the rotating disk to rotate is converted into electrical energy under the action of magnetic force through the piezoelectric ceramic sheet.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes an outer shell, which is spherical and includes: an upper shell and a lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are connected by a first bolt, and the support frame is fixed to the lower shell by a second bolt. The magnetoelectric wave energy harvester can be sealed in the spherical outer shell and does not come into direct contact with seawater. Therefore, it has great advantages in equipment anti-corrosion maintenance and installation.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple piezoelectric cantilever structures are symmetrically arranged on the support frame. When the energy harvesting device is excited, the strain on each piezoelectric cantilever is almost the same, thereby significantly improving the energy harvesting performance. On the other hand, the low-frequency input excitation of the waves is converted into high-frequency vibration, so that the characteristics of high power output can be exhibited in a low-frequency excitation environment.

[0012] Furthermore, since PZT piezoelectric ceramics have the characteristics of high voltage and low current, the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in parallel with a dual-crystal type to improve the utilization rate of the working area and the output current, thereby further optimizing the energy conversion efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the pawl is rotatably connected to the outer wheel by a screw, and a hole is opened on the inner wall of the outer wheel corresponding to the position of each pawl. A spring is arranged in the hole, one end of the spring is connected to the side wall of the pawl, and the other end is fixed in the hole; the spring is used to provide pre-tightening force for the pawl.

[0014] Furthermore, the track is a circular track and remains parallel to the support frame.

[0015] Furthermore, a method for collecting wave energy using a multi-directional low-frequency magneto-electric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring comprises the following steps:

[0016] When the shell of the energy collection mechanism is impacted by waves, the driving ball starts to roll in the track, thereby driving the outer wheel to rotate;

[0017] When the outer wheel rotates clockwise, the pawl will drive the first ratchet to rotate. Since the first ratchet is interference fit with the central shaft, the rotation of the first ratchet will drive the central shaft to rotate. At this time, the excitation magnet on the driving disk and the response magnet on the piezoelectric cantilever interact with each other under the action of magnetic force, so that the piezoelectric cantilever vibrates at a natural frequency, thereby converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. When the outer wheel rotates clockwise, the pawl slides with the second ratchet, and since the connection between the second ratchet and the central shaft is a ratchet bearing connection, the second ratchet remains stationary at this time.

[0018] When the outer wheel rotates counterclockwise, the pawl slides between the first ratchet and meshes with the second ratchet to rotate the second ratchet. Since the second ratchet is connected to the central axis by a ratchet bearing connection, the second ratchet is fixedly connected to the upper spring seat. When the second ratchet rotates, it drives the upper spring seat to rotate without driving the central axis to rotate. The rotation of the upper spring seat tightens the volute spring and stores energy in the volute spring. When the driving ball has a clockwise rotation tendency, the energy stored in the volute spring will be released, causing the second ratchet to rotate clockwise. At this time, the ratchet teeth of the second ratchet engage with the pawl below, causing the outer wheel to rotate clockwise, thereby providing an initial acceleration for the clockwise rotation of the driving ball.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention ensures that no matter which direction the driving ball rolls, the driving disk in the upper energy conversion mechanism can achieve unidirectional rotation through the ratchet bidirectional converter, avoiding the situation where energy loss is caused by reverse rotation before the forward rotation is completed. At the same time, the volute spring assembly can convert the kinetic energy generated by counterclockwise rolling into elastic energy for storage, and release it when the driving ball has a tendency to roll clockwise, providing the driving ball with a larger acceleration, so that it can obtain a higher maximum speed under the same wave frequency, and obtain a larger power output at a lower wave frequency. At the same time, the volute spring reduces energy loss, thereby achieving higher output in a wider frequency range.

[0021] 2. The energy collection mechanism of the present invention can convert the random excitation of waves in multiple directions into repeated tilting of the circular track in a certain direction. The driving method of the driving ball and the circular track enables it to respond quickly to the changes of waves, has high adaptability to complex waves, and can collect wave vibration energy in multiple directions.

[0022] 3. The present invention adopts a symmetrically arranged piezoelectric cantilever structure. When the collector is excited, the low-frequency input excitation of the waves is converted into high-frequency vibration, so that high-power output can be achieved under a low-frequency excitation environment, and the strain on each piezoelectric cantilever is almost the same, thereby significantly improving the energy collection performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a stereogram of the external structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the ratchet two-way converter, ball bracket, scroll spring assembly and central shaft structure of the present invention.

[0027] Among them, 1. upper shell, 2. first bolt member, 3. second bolt member, 4. lower shell, 5. rotating disk, 6. excitation magnet, 7. response magnet, 8. piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 9. bolt hole, 10. support frame, 11. inner upper cover, 12. central axis, 13. outer wheel, 14. ball bracket, 15. driving ball, 16. scroll spring, 17. inner lower cover, 18. third bolt member, 19. first ratchet, 20. pawl, 21. spring, 22. second ratchet, 23. upper spring holder, 24. gear bearing, 25. lower end bearing, 26. lower spring holder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Combine the following Figures 1 to 4 , the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0030] It should be noted that the circuit connections involved in the present invention all adopt conventional circuit connection methods and do not involve any innovation.

[0031] Example

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring includes an energy collection mechanism and an energy conversion mechanism of a cantilever beam structure. The energy collection mechanism includes: a central shaft 12, a shell, a ratchet two-way converter, a driving ball 15 and a scroll spring assembly. One end of the central shaft 12 is used to connect the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure. The energy collection mechanism collects wave energy and drives the central shaft 12 to rotate. Through the rotation of the central shaft 12, the kinetic energy is transmitted to the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy; the shell includes an inner upper cover 11 and an inner lower cover 11, and the inner upper cover 11 is connected to the bottom of the support frame 10; the inner lower cover 17 is connected to the inner upper cover 11; the inner wall of the shell is provided with a track, and is also provided with: a ratchet two-way converter, a driving ball 15 and a scroll spring assembly, as shown in FIG. Figure 4As shown, the ratchet two-way converter includes: a first ratchet 19, a second ratchet 22 and an outer wheel 13, the first ratchet 19 is sleeved on the central shaft 12 and is interference fit with the central shaft 12; the second ratchet 22 is connected to the central shaft 12 through a ratchet bearing 24, is located below the first ratchet 19, and has a ratchet tooth direction opposite to that of the first ratchet 19; the outer wheel 13 is a tubular structure, and a pawl 20 is provided on the inner wall, the pawl 20 is divided into two layers, corresponding to the first ratchet 19 and the second ratchet 22 respectively, and the pawls 20 of the two layers are in the same direction, the outer wheel 13 is sleeved outside the two ratchet wheels, and is connected to the central shaft 12 through a ratchet bearing 24, the first ratchet and the second ratchet correspond to the pawls of the upper layer and the pawls of the lower layer respectively, and the outer wheel 13 is used to drive the first ratchet 19 and the second ratchet 22 to rotate in forward and reverse directions respectively; as shown Figure 2 As shown, the driving ball 15 is arranged in the track, which is a circular track and is parallel to the support frame 10. The driving ball 15 is connected to the outer side of the outer wheel 13 through the ball bracket 14, and the driving ball 15 rolls in the track driven by wave energy to drive the outer wheel 13 to rotate; Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the volute spring assembly is used to tighten and store energy when the second ratchet 22 rotates, and release energy when the first ratchet 19 rotates to provide acceleration for the rotation of the first ratchet 19, including: a volute spring 16; an upper spring holder 23, connected to the bottom of the second ratchet 22, rotates with the second ratchet 22, and has an interference fit with the head of the volute spring 16; a lower spring holder 26 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the shell, has an interference fit with the end of the volute spring 16, and the end of the central shaft 12 is connected to the lower spring holder 26 through a lower end bearing 25.

[0033] In some embodiments, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the energy conversion mechanism includes: a support frame 10, a plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers and a rotating disk 5. The support frame 10 is connected to the top of the housing of the energy collection mechanism through a third bolt member 18, and the central axis 12 is connected to the support frame 10 through a bearing; a plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers are arranged on the support frame 10, and there are two main options for the placement of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8: horizontal placement and vertical placement. Since horizontal placement will not only increase the overall size of the device, but may also result in a smaller vibration amplitude under the same excitation conditions, thereby reducing the power output efficiency, each cantilever beam structure of this embodiment includes: a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8 is vertically fixed to the support frame 10 by inserting bolts in the bolt holes 9, and the response magnet 7 is fixed on both sides of the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8; the rotating disk 5 is concentrically arranged in a ring array formed by a plurality of cantilever beam structures, and a plurality of excitation magnets 6 are arranged on the peripheral side, and the material of the excitation magnet 6 is neodymium iron boron. The bottom center of the rotating disk 5 is connected to one end of the central axis 12; the kinetic energy of driving the rotating disk to rotate is converted into electrical energy by the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8 under the action of magnetic force.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in order to prevent the collector from direct contact with seawater and improve the advantages of equipment anti-corrosion maintenance and installation, the collector is sealed inside the outer shell. The outer shell is spherical and includes: an upper shell 1 and a lower shell 4. The upper shell 1 and the lower shell 4 are connected by a first bolt member 2, and the support frame 10 is fixed to the lower shell 4 by a second bolt member 3.

[0035] In some embodiments, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, multiple piezoelectric cantilever structures are symmetrically arranged on the support frame 10. When the energy harvesting device is excited, the strain on each piezoelectric cantilever is ensured to be almost the same, thereby significantly improving the energy harvesting performance. On the other hand, the introduction of magnetic excitation converts the low-frequency input excitation of the waves into high-frequency vibration, so that the characteristics of high power output can be exhibited in a low-frequency excitation environment.

[0036] Since PZT piezoelectric ceramics have the characteristics of high voltage and low current, the piezoelectric ceramic sheets 8 are connected in a parallel bimorph mode to improve the utilization of the working area and the output current, thereby further optimizing the energy conversion efficiency.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, the upper and lower large pawls 20 are both connected to the outer wheel 13 by screws. The upper and lower layered pawls 20 are designed so that they do not affect each other when they are working. A hole is opened on the inner wall of the outer wheel 13 corresponding to the position of each pawl 20. A spring 21 is arranged in the hole. One end of the spring 21 is connected to the side wall of the pawl 20, and the other end is fixed in the hole to provide pre-tightening force for the pawl 20.

[0038] In some embodiments, the performance of the energy harvesting device can be optimized under unstable wave conditions by adjusting the mass of the ball and the thickness of the volute spring 16, so that it can maintain efficient operation in a wider range of marine environments. After multiple simulation tests, the thickness of the volute spring 16 is designed to be 1.2 mm, and the mass of the driving ball 15 is 48.2 g.

[0039] The method for collecting wave energy by using the multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring comprises the following steps:

[0040] When the shell of the energy collection mechanism is impacted by waves, the driving ball 15 starts to roll in the track, thereby driving the outer wheel 13 to rotate;

[0041] When the outer wheel 13 rotates clockwise, the pawl 20 will drive the first ratchet 19 to rotate. Since the first ratchet 19 and the central shaft 12 are interference fit, the rotation of the first ratchet 19 will drive the central shaft 12 to rotate, thereby driving the driving disk 5 to rotate. At this time, the excitation magnet 6 on the driving disk 5 and the response magnet 7 on the piezoelectric cantilever interact with each other under the action of magnetic force, so that the piezoelectric cantilever vibrates at a natural frequency, thereby converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. When the outer wheel 13 rotates clockwise, the pawl 20 of the lower layer slides with the second ratchet 22, and since the second ratchet 22 and the central shaft 12 are connected by a ratchet bearing 24, the second ratchet 22 remains stationary at this time.

[0042] When the outer wheel 13 rotates counterclockwise, the upper pawl 20 slides with the first ratchet 19, and the lower pawl 20 engages with the second ratchet 22 to rotate the second ratchet 22. Since the second ratchet 22 is connected to the central shaft 12 by a ratchet bearing 24, the second ratchet 22 is fixedly connected to the upper spring seat 23. When the second ratchet 22 rotates, the upper spring seat 23 is driven to rotate, and the central shaft 12 will not be driven to rotate. The volute spring 16 is tightened by the rotation of the upper spring seat 23 to store energy in the volute spring 16. When the driving ball 15 has a clockwise rotation tendency, the energy stored in the volute spring 16 will be released, and the upper spring seat 23 rotates due to the released elastic energy, and drives the second ratchet 22 to rotate clockwise. At this time, the ratchet teeth of the second ratchet 22 engage with the pawl 20, causing the outer wheel 13 to rotate clockwise, thereby providing an initial acceleration for the clockwise rotation of the driving ball 15.

[0043] The above disclosures are only several preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring, comprising an energy conversion mechanism and an energy collection mechanism of a cantilever beam structure, characterized in that: The energy collection mechanism comprises: A central shaft (12), one end of which is used to connect to an energy conversion mechanism of a cantilever beam structure; A housing, wherein a track is provided, and further comprising: A ratchet two-way converter comprises: a first ratchet (19) sleeved on a central shaft (12) and having an interference fit with the central shaft (12); a second ratchet (22) connected to the central shaft (12) via a ratchet bearing (24), located below the first ratchet (19), and with the ratchet teeth facing in the opposite direction to those of the first ratchet (19); an outer wheel (13) having a tubular structure and a ratchet pawl (20) on the inner wall; the outer wheel (13) sleeved outside the two ratchet wheels and connected to the central shaft (12) via the ratchet bearing (24); the outer wheel (13) rotates forward and reversely, respectively, to drive the first ratchet (19) and the second ratchet (22) to rotate; A driving ball (15) is arranged in the track and connected to the outside of the outer wheel (13) through a ball bracket (14). The driving ball (15) rolls in the track by wave energy to drive the outer wheel (13) to rotate; The volute spring assembly is used for tightening and storing energy when the second ratchet (22) rotates, and releasing energy when the first ratchet (19) rotates to provide acceleration for the rotation of the first ratchet (19), comprising: a volute spring (16); an upper spring holder (23), connected to the bottom of the second ratchet (22), rotating with the second ratchet (22), and having an interference fit with the head of the volute spring (16); a lower spring holder (26) arranged at the bottom of the housing, having an interference fit with the end of the volute spring (16), and the end of the central shaft (12) is connected to the lower spring holder (26) through a lower end bearing (25).

2. A multi-directional low-frequency magneto-electric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy conversion mechanism comprises: A support frame (10) is connected to the top of the housing of the energy collection mechanism via a third bolt member (18), and the central shaft (12) is connected to the support frame (10) via a bearing; A plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers are arranged on a support frame (10), each of the cantilever beam structures comprising: a piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8), the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8) is vertically fixed on the support frame (10), and a response magnet (7) is fixed on both sides of the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8); The rotating disk (5) is concentrically arranged in an annular array formed by a plurality of cantilever beam structures, and a plurality of excitation magnets (6) are arranged on the circumference thereof. The bottom center of the rotating disk (5) is connected to one end of the central axis (12).

3. A multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an outer shell, which is spherical and includes: an upper outer shell (1) and a lower outer shell (4), the upper outer shell (1) and the lower outer shell (4) are connected by a first bolt member (2), and the support frame (10) is fixed to the lower outer shell (4) by a second bolt member (3).

4. The multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A plurality of piezoelectric cantilever structures are symmetrically arranged on a support frame (10).

5. The multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The piezoelectric ceramic sheets (8) are connected in a parallel bimorph manner.

6. The multi-directional low-frequency magneto-electric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratchet (20) is rotatably connected to the outer wheel (13) by means of a screw, and a hole is provided on the inner wall of the outer wheel (13) at a position corresponding to each ratchet (20), and a spring (21) is provided in the hole, one end of the spring (21) is connected to the side wall of the ratchet (20), and the other end is fixed in the hole.

7. The multi-directional low-frequency magneto-electric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The track is a circular track and remains parallel to the support frame (10).

8. The method for collecting wave energy using a multi-directional low-frequency magneto-electric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the shell of the energy collection mechanism is impacted by waves, the driving ball (15) starts to roll in the track, thereby driving the outer wheel (13) to rotate; When the outer wheel (13) rotates clockwise, the pawl (20) drives the first ratchet (19) to rotate. Since the first ratchet (19) and the central shaft (12) are in interference fit, the rotation of the first ratchet (19) drives the central shaft (12) to rotate, thereby transmitting kinetic energy to the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure, and converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy. When the outer wheel (13) rotates clockwise, the pawl (20) slides with the second ratchet (22), and since the second ratchet (22) and the central shaft (12) are connected by a ratchet bearing (24), the second ratchet (22) remains stationary at this time. When the outer wheel (13) rotates counterclockwise, the pawl (20) slides between the first ratchet (19) and meshes with the second ratchet (22), so that the second ratchet (22) rotates accordingly. Since the second ratchet (22) is connected to the central shaft (12) by a ratchet bearing (24), the second ratchet (22) is fixedly connected to the upper spring seat (23). When the second ratchet (22) rotates, the upper spring seat (23) is driven to rotate, but the central shaft (12) is not driven to rotate. The upper spring seat (23) is rotated to tighten the spiral spring (16) and store energy in the spiral spring (16). When the driving ball (15) has a clockwise rotation tendency, the energy stored in the spiral spring (16) is released, causing the second ratchet wheel (22) to rotate clockwise. At this time, the ratchet teeth of the second ratchet wheel (22) are engaged with the pawl (20), causing the outer wheel (13) to rotate clockwise, thereby providing an initial acceleration for the clockwise rotation of the driving ball (15).

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