Wedge-shaped expansion device and design method and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of orthodontic instruments, and provides a wedge-shaped arch expander which comprises two base plates which are respectively attached to two sides of an upper jaw surface and are divided by a palate center seam, the two base plates are provided with hoops which are worn on teeth, an orthodontic seam is reserved between the two base plates, an orthodontic wedge block is embedded in the orthodontic seam, and the orthodontic wedge block is embedded in the orthodontic wedge block. The two sides of the correcting wedge block abut against the inner sides of the two base supports; the matched wedge-shaped expansion device is obtained through the design method, teeth are corrected through the wedge-shaped expansion device, and the wedge-shaped expansion device can avoid the problem of correction dislocation caused by uneven stress in the tooth correction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of dental correction devices, and in particular to a wedge-shaped expander and a design method and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Malocclusion is an abnormality in the craniofacial shape and size, the relationship between the upper and lower jaws, the occlusion relationship, and the relationship between the craniofacial soft and hard tissues caused by genetics, environment or special reasons (such as teratogens leading to abnormal pregnancy and development, trauma to the craniofacial soft and hard tissues, etc.) during the growth and development of the dentofacial region.

[0003] Early dentofacial deformities are mainly caused by the misalignment of the upper and lower jaws due to insufficient transverse and longitudinal development of the dental arch. The transverse development of the dental arch / alveolar bone is insufficient, which is manifested as upright or inward teeth and alveolar bones, and unilateral or bilateral crossbite of the posterior teeth. The width of the dental arch is insufficient, which is manifested as crowded teeth, uneven arrangement, and misaligned teeth.

[0004] Correction of insufficient arch width requires expansion of maxillary and mandibular width and / or arch width. The growth of maxillary base bone width is mainly due to the lateral growth of the maxillary body and osteogenesis in the mid-palatal suture. Bony maxillary expansion often chooses to open the mid-palatal suture by gravity to expand the maxillary base bone.

[0005] During the replacement of deciduous and permanent teeth in children, crowding of the upper teeth mostly occurs in the front section of the dental arch, that is, from canine to canine section. It rarely occurs in the middle to back section of the dental arch due to the existence of residual space, resulting in the width of the dental arch being larger in the front section than in the back section.

[0006] The spiral expansion appliance is an orthodontic appliance that can be used to correct maxillary width abnormalities. Figure 1 The spiral expander shown includes two separate left bases 1 and right bases 2, and a spiral expansion spring 3 connected to the middle of the left and right bases. During the adjustment process, the bases on both sides are attached to the jaws with the middle suture 4 of the jaw as the dividing line, leaving an adjustment gap at the middle suture of the palate, and the spiral of the spiral expansion spring is rotated. The spiral expansion spring 3 applies lateral force to the bases on both sides. Since the spiral expansion spring 3 is a rigid part, the force on both sides of the jaw is a horizontal straight line force. In the process of restoring the width of the jaw, the jaw is not widened in the horizontal direction, but has a tendency to rotate around the spiral expansion spring, which causes the posterior teeth to have an undesirable tilt movement. And because the base has a tendency to rotate, the center seam between the two bases changes from a strip seam to a V-shaped seam, and the force surface direction of the base changes from the original vertical force to an inclined force. The spiral expander spring and the inside of the base are no longer in a vertical relationship, resulting in a longitudinal component of force between the spiral expander spring and the base. If under the action of this corrector, the base will pull the front teeth inward under the longitudinal component of force, causing maxillary correction dislocation. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention is intended to provide a wedge-shaped expander to solve the problem of jaw correction misalignment caused by the current use of spiral expander appliances.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a wedge-shaped expander, including two bases for respectively fitting on both sides of the maxillary surface and separated by the mid-palatal suture, the two bases are provided with clamps for wearing on the teeth, a correction seam is reserved between the two bases, a correction wedge is embedded in the correction seam, and the two sides of the correction wedge are abutted against the inner sides of the two bases.

[0009] The principle and advantage of this solution are: during use, the two bases are worn between the teeth through the clamps, the two bases are completely fitted on the maxillary surface, and the outer sides of the two bases are against the inner side of the gums; a correction gap is formed between the two bases. A correction wedge with a suitable angle value is selected according to the width of the maxillary bone that needs to be corrected. The correction wedge is inserted into the correction gap, and the position of the correction wedge in the correction gap is adjusted. The correction wedge applies an extrusion force extending outward evenly to the two sides of the base; the correction wedge is adjusted to apply an extrusion force to the bases on both sides in a face-to-face contact manner until the maxillary bone returns to the standard range, thereby completing the correction of the left and right developmental deformities of the wearer's maxilla.

[0010] Compared with the existing spiral expander, when applying the correction force, the wedge-shaped expander uses the wedge surfaces of the correction wedge block on both sides to form an even expansion force outward in a surface contact manner, changing the point force extrusion method of the spiral expander. This avoids the problem of unnecessary movement of the dentition during the spiral expander, thereby reducing the maxillary correction process and causing new dislocation problems.

[0011] Preferably, a guide rail is provided inside the base, a slide groove is provided on the guide rail, and edges are provided on both sides of the correction wedge, and the edges are clamped in the slide groove. The two sides of the correction wedge are clamped in the guide rail through the edges, so that the correction wedge will not be dislocated or slide laterally and fall off.

[0012] Preferably, a retaining spring is provided at the tail of the correction wedge, and both ends of the retaining spring are abutted against the side of the guide rail to prevent the correction wedge from withdrawing backwards.

[0013] Preferably, the mid-palatal suture is used as the dividing line, and the correction suture includes a left correction suture formed between the edge of the left base and the mid-palatal suture, and a right correction suture formed between the right base and the mid-palatal suture, and the angle between the left correction suture and the right correction suture is 0°~25°. According to the actual displacement of the wearer's maxilla, the left correction suture and the right correction suture select a suitable correction angle, and as the correction wedge gradually penetrates into the correction suture, both sides of the maxilla are corrected simultaneously. If there is no displacement on one side of the wearer's maxilla and there is an offset on the other side, the angle of the side without displacement is selected to be 0°, that is, the correction wedge is a plane on this side and no correction force is applied, and the angle value of the other side is selected according to the offset.

[0014] Preferably, the correction wedge uses the mid-palatal suture as the dividing line, including a left wedge embedded in the left correction seam, and a right wedge embedded in the right correction seam; the left wedge and the right wedge are separately spliced ​​or integrally formed. If separate splicing is chosen, the left wedge and the right wedge can be separately manufactured into two right-angled triangles of the same height according to needs. When in use, the left and right wedges can be separately selected and spliced ​​into a complete correction wedge. If integral molding is chosen, the mid-palatal suture needs to be used as a reference, and different angle values ​​need to be assigned to the two sides of the correction wedge to suit wearers with inconsistent correction widths on both sides.

[0015] Preferably, the clamp comprises a front clamp for fixing the two bases at the front teeth at the same time, and a side clamp for fixing the side teeth respectively. During use, the orthodontic appliance is worn in the oral cavity through the clamp.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific size of the wedge-shaped expander needs to be designed specifically according to the user's jaw displacement. Therefore, the present application provides a design method for a wedge-shaped expander, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Obtain a dental model of the user's entire dentition and alveolar base bone, and identify two reference planes, namely the mid-palatal suture plane and the occlusal plane; Step 2: Measure the dental model, using the mid-palatal suture plane as the dividing line, and obtain the width of the maxillary incisor crown on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, the width of the front dental arch on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, and the width of the posterior dental arch on both sides from the mid-palatal suture on the occlusal plane; Step 3: Compare with the maxillary healthy width standard to obtain the width deviation values ​​of the maxillary incisor crowns on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, the width deviation values ​​of the front dental arches on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, and the width deviation values ​​of the posterior dental arches on both sides from the mid-palatal suture; Step 4: Determine the correction seam to be reserved between the bases on both sides. The angle between the two sides of the correction seam and the mid-palatal suture is determined according to the deviation value corresponding to step 3. When the width deviation value is greater than 0 mm and less than 4 mm, the corresponding angle value is 10°, the deviation distance is greater than 4 mm and less than 8 mm, the corresponding angle value is 20°, and the deviation distance is greater than 8 mm, the corresponding angle value is 25°; Step 5: Design the surface shape of the bases on both sides according to the surface shape of the tooth model in step 1, so that the bases can fit on the maxillary surface of the oral cavity, design the width of the bases on both sides, so that the outer edges of the bases on both sides are against the inner side of the gums, and reserve the correction gap in step 4 between the bases on both sides; Step 6: Design the correction wedge block. According to the inclination angle of the inner side of the left and right bases, design the wedge block that fits the inner side of the left and right bases; Step 7: Design the clamps, which include a front clamp that clamps the two bases to the front teeth at the same time, and a side clamp that clamps the two bases to the side teeth respectively. A side clamp is installed on each side of the two bases, and the front sides of the two bases are connected through the front clamp; Step 8: Insert the correction wedge into the correction gap to complete the design of the wedge-shaped expander.

[0017] Preferably, in step 4, guide rails are fixedly installed on the inner sides of the two bases, slide grooves are provided on the guide rails, correction seams are formed between the guide rails, and edges are provided on both sides of the correction wedge, which are engaged with the slide grooves.

[0018] Preferably, in step six, the tail of the correction wedge is designed to abut against a retaining spring on the inner sides of the two bases, and the retaining spring is used to prevent the correction wedge from withdrawing backwards.

[0019] Furthermore, the wedge-shaped expander is used in the maxillary correction process, and the steps of its use are as follows; Step 1: Wear the two bases between the teeth through the clamps, the two bases are completely fitted on the upper jaw surface, and the outer sides of the two bases are against the inner side of the gums; a correction gap is formed between the two bases; Step 2: According to the position of the maxillary bone to be corrected and the width to be corrected at that position, a correction wedge matching the width to be corrected is selected; Step 3: insert the correction wedge into the correction seam, move the correction wedge to the position that needs correction, and apply a uniform extrusion force extending outward to the two sides of the base; Step 4: Before the maxillary bone position to be corrected is restored to the standard range, gradually move the correction wedge to the narrower side of the correction gap, and continue to apply uniform squeezing force to the position to be corrected; Step 5: After the maxillary bone recovers to the standard range, a retainer is used to maintain the restored maxillary bone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral expansion appliance in the background technology in the use state; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wedge-shaped expander in the use state in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3This is a flow chart of the steps for designing a wedge-shaped expander in Example 2; Figure 4 Flow chart of the steps of using a wedge-shaped expander in Example 3.

[0021] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification are: base 1, correction suture 2, spiral expansion spring 3, mid-palatal suture 4, correction wedge 5, back-stop spring 51, guide rail 6, clamp 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods: Embodiment 1: like Figure 2 The wedge-shaped expander shown in the figure comprises two bases 1, the two bases 1 are circumferentially mounted with clamps 7, a correction gap 2 is reserved between the two bases 1, a correction wedge 5 is embedded in the correction gap 2, a guide rail 6 is provided on the inner side of the base 1, a slide groove is provided on the guide rail 6, and clamping edges are provided on both sides of the correction wedge 5, which are clamped in the slide groove. A supporting arc surface is provided on the outer side of the base to abut against the inner side of the gum. The supporting arc surface abuts against the inner side of the gum to prevent the base from causing damage to the gum during the correction process.

[0023] The clamp 7 comprises a front clamp for fixing two bases at the front teeth part at the same time, and a side tooth clamp for fixing the side teeth respectively. During use, the orthodontic appliance is worn in the oral cavity through the clamp.

[0024] The correction wedge 5 takes the mid-palatal suture 4 as the dividing line, and includes a left wedge embedded in the left correction seam and a right wedge embedded in the right correction seam; the left wedge and the right wedge are integrally formed into a complete correction wedge 5, and the correction wedge is provided with edges on both sides that are slidably connected to the correction guide rail 6, and a back-stop spring 51 is provided at the tail of the correction wedge, and the two ends of the back-stop spring 51 are abutted against the side of the guide rail 6 to prevent the correction wedge 5 from retreating backwards.

[0025] During use, the two bases 1 are worn between the teeth through the clamps, the two bases 1 are completely fitted on the maxillary surface, and the outer sides of the two bases are against the inner side of the gums; according to the width that the wearer needs to correct, select a correction wedge with a suitable angle, and embed the correction wedge into the correction gap left in the center of the two bases, and the two oblique sides of the correction wedge are against the correction wedge. Adjust the position of the correction wedge on the correction guide rail, and the correction wedge applies a preset support force extending outward to the bases on both sides; by adjusting the correction wedge to advance into the correction gap, external force is gradually applied to the bases on both sides, and the external force is maintained at 500 grams to 800 grams until the maxilla returns to the standard range, and the correction of the left and right maxillary developmental deformities of the wearer is completed.

[0026] When the corrective force is applied to the maxilla, the wedge surfaces on both sides of the corrective wedge form an outward expansion force, which is evenly distributed on the inclined surface of the corrective wedge. The expansion force corrects the maxillary deviation in the form of surface force.

[0027] Embodiment 2: like Figure 3 As shown, the specific size of the wedge-shaped expander needs to be designed specifically according to the wearer's jaw displacement. A design method of a wedge-shaped expander in this embodiment includes the following steps: Step 1 S1: Obtain a dental model of the user's entire dentition and alveolar base bone, and identify two reference planes, namely the mid-palatal suture plane and the occlusal plane.

[0028] Step 2 S2: Measure the dental model, using the midpalatal suture plane as the dividing line, and obtain the width of the maxillary incisor crown on both sides from the midpalatal suture, the width of the front dental arch on both sides from the midpalatal suture, and the width of the posterior dental arch on both sides from the midpalatal suture on the occlusal plane.

[0029] Step 3 S3: Compare with the maxillary healthy width standard to obtain the width deviation values ​​of the maxillary incisor crowns on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, the width deviation values ​​of the front dental arches on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, and the width deviation values ​​of the posterior dental arches on both sides from the mid-palatal suture.

[0030] Step 4 S4: Determine the correction seam to be reserved between the bases on both sides. The angle between the two sides of the correction seam and the mid-palatal suture is determined according to the deviation value corresponding to step 3. When the width deviation value is greater than 0 mm and less than 4 mm, the corresponding angle value is 10°, the deviation distance is greater than 4 mm and less than 8 mm, the corresponding angle value is 20°, and the deviation distance is greater than 8 mm, the corresponding angle value is 25°.

[0031] Step 5 S5: Design the surface shape of the bases on both sides according to the surface shape of the tooth model in step 1, so that the bases can fit on the maxillary surface of the oral cavity, design the width of the bases on both sides, so that the outer edges of the bases on both sides are against the inner side of the gums, and reserve the correction gap in step 4 between the bases on both sides.

[0032] Step 6 S6: Design a correction wedge block. According to the inclination angle of the inner sides of the left and right bases, design a wedge block that fits the inner sides of the left and right bases.

[0033] Step seven S7: design a clamp, which includes a front clamp that clamps the two bases to the front teeth at the same time, and a side clamp that clamps the two bases to the side teeth respectively. A side clamp is installed on each side of the two bases, and the front sides of the two bases are connected through the front clamp.

[0034] Step eight S8: embed the correction wedge into the correction seam, thereby completing the design of the wedge-shaped expander.

[0035] Embodiment 3: like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a reference for the wedge-shaped expander in maxillary correction, and the steps of its use are as follows: Step 1 A1, wear the two bases between the teeth through the clamps, the two bases are completely fitted on the maxillary surface, and the outer sides of the two bases are against the inner side of the gums; a correction gap is formed between the two bases.

[0036] Step 2 A2, according to the position of the maxillary bone to be corrected and the width to be corrected at that position, select a correction wedge that matches the width to be corrected.

[0037] Step three A3, insert the correction wedge into the correction seam, move the correction wedge to the position that needs correction, and the correction wedge evenly applies an outward-extending squeezing force to both sides of the base.

[0038] Step 4 A4, before the maxillary bone to be corrected is restored to the standard range, move the correction wedge gradually to the narrower side of the correction gap, and continue to apply uniform squeezing force to the position to be corrected.

[0039] Step 5 A5: After the maxillary bone is restored to the standard range, a retainer is used to maintain the restored maxillary bone.

[0040] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A wedge-shaped expander, comprising two bases for respectively fitting on both sides of the maxillary surface separated by the mid-palatal suture, the two bases being provided with clamps for wearing on teeth, characterized in that: A correction seam is reserved between the two bases, a correction wedge is embedded in the correction seam, and two sides of the correction wedge are matched with the inner sides of the two bases.

2. The wedge-shaped expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide rail is arranged on the inner side of the base, a slide groove is arranged on the guide rail, and clamping edges are arranged on both sides of the correction wedge block, and the clamping edges are clamped in the slide groove.

3. The wedge-shaped expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tail of the correction wedge block is provided with a back-stop spring, and the two ends of the back-stop spring are abutted against the side of the guide rail to prevent the correction wedge block from backing out.

4. The wedge-shaped expander according to claim 3, characterized in that: Taking the mid-palatal suture as the dividing line, the correction suture includes a left correction suture formed between the left base edge and the mid-palatal suture, and a right correction suture formed between the right base and the mid-palatal suture, and the included angle between the left correction suture and the right correction suture is 0°~25°.

5. The wedge-shaped expander according to claim 3, characterized in that: The correction wedge block is divided by the mid-palatal suture, and includes a left wedge block embedded in the left correction suture and a right wedge block embedded in the right correction suture; the left wedge block and the right wedge block are separately spliced ​​or integrally formed.

6. The wedge-shaped expander according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamp comprises a front clamp which fixes two bases at the front teeth part at the same time, and a side tooth clamp which is respectively fixed at the side teeth.

7. A method for designing a wedge-shaped expander, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Obtain a dental model of the user's entire dentition and alveolar base bone, and identify two reference planes, namely the mid-palatal suture plane and the occlusal plane; Step 2: Measure the dental model, using the mid-palatal suture plane as the dividing line, and obtain the width of the maxillary incisor crown on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, the width of the front dental arch on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, and the width of the posterior dental arch on both sides from the mid-palatal suture on the occlusal plane; Step 3: Compare with the maxillary healthy width standard to obtain the width deviation values ​​of the maxillary incisor crowns on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, the width deviation values ​​of the front dental arches on both sides from the mid-palatal suture, and the width deviation values ​​of the posterior dental arches on both sides from the mid-palatal suture; Step 4: Determine the correction seam to be reserved between the bases on both sides. The angle between the two sides of the correction seam and the mid-palatal suture is determined according to the deviation value corresponding to step 3. When the width deviation value is greater than 0 mm and less than 4 mm, the corresponding angle value is 10°, the deviation distance is greater than 4 mm and less than 8 mm, the corresponding angle value is 20°, and the deviation distance is greater than 8 mm, the corresponding angle value is 25°; Step 5: Design the surface shape of the bases on both sides according to the surface shape of the tooth model in step 1, so that the bases can fit on the maxillary surface of the oral cavity, design the width of the bases on both sides, so that the outer edges of the bases on both sides are against the inner side of the gums, and reserve the correction gap in step 4 between the bases on both sides; Step 6: Design the correction wedge block. According to the inclination angle of the inner side of the left and right bases, design the wedge block that fits the inner side of the left and right bases; Step 7: Design the clamps, which include a front clamp that clamps the two bases to the front teeth at the same time, and a side clamp that clamps the two bases to the side teeth respectively. A side clamp is installed on each side of the two bases, and the front sides of the two bases are connected through the front clamp; Step 8: Insert the correction wedge into the correction gap to complete the design of the wedge-shaped expander.

8. The method for designing a wedge-shaped expander according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step four, guide rails are fixedly installed on the inner sides of the two bases, and slide grooves are provided on the guide rails. Correction seams are formed between the guide rails, and clamping edges are provided on both sides of the correction wedge blocks, and the clamping edges are engaged with the slide grooves.

9. The method for designing a wedge-shaped expander according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step six, the tail of the correction wedge is designed to abut against the retaining spring on the inner sides of the two bases, and the retaining spring is used to prevent the correction wedge from withdrawing backwards.

10. A method for using a wedge-shaped expander, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Wear the two bases between the teeth through the clamps, the two bases are completely fitted on the upper jaw surface, and the outer sides of the two bases are against the inner side of the gums; a correction gap is formed between the two bases; Step 2: According to the position of the maxillary bone that needs to be corrected and the width that needs to be corrected at that position, select a correction wedge that matches the width that needs to be corrected. Step 3: insert the correction wedge into the correction seam, move the correction wedge to the position that needs correction, and apply a uniform extrusion force extending outward to the two sides of the base; Step 4: Before the maxillary bone position to be corrected is restored to the standard range, gradually move the correction wedge to the narrower side of the correction gap, and continue to apply uniform squeezing force to the position to be corrected; Step 5: After the maxillary bone recovers to the standard range, a retainer is used to maintain the restored maxillary bone.

Images