Self-adaptive supporting structure for high-ground-stress soft rock large-deformation tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-adaptive supporting structure for a high-crustal-stress soft rock large-deformation tunnel, which comprises a tunnel initial spraying leveling layer, a first-layer slide rail steel beam, a steel clamp, a second-layer slide rail steel beam, a supporting steel frame support and a measuring module, telescopic gaps are reserved between the sliding rail steel beams of all the sections, and the first layer of sliding rail steel beams are tightly attached to a tunnel initial spraying leveling layer and spliced with the second layer of sliding rail steel beams in a multi-section mode to form a ring. According to the self-adaptive supporting structure for the high-crustal-stress soft rock large-deformation tunnel, extrusion is locally reduced through the steel beams, meanwhile, energy generated during deformation is absorbed in a layered mode, the energy of the steel beams is greatly reduced from the first layer to the second layer, the supporting structure is protected, the supporting structure design concept of soft-first-rigid-second-soft-rock large-deformation is met, and the self-adaptive supporting structure is suitable for the large-deformation tunnel of the high-crustal-stress soft rock large-deformation tunnel of the high-crustal-stress soft rock large-deformation tunnel. The stress level of the supporting structure is reduced through layered stress release, and the ideal supporting effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of support equipment, and in particular to an adaptive support structure for a high-ground stress soft rock large deformation tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction in soft rock areas has always faced the problem of large deformation of the tunnel. At present, underground space, as a living space in the 21st century besides the ground space, will be vigorously developed and utilized as a resource, which will have to face more and more high-stress soft rock tunnel problems. Due to the characteristics of high-stress soft rock tunnels with large deformation, long deformation duration, and uneven spatial distribution, the construction and subsequent adjustment are very difficult, which seriously threatens the safety during tunnel construction and operation.

[0003] At present, in order to deal with the problem of large deformation of tunnels in soft rock areas, early strong support and passive support are used to suppress the deformation of the surrounding rock. The early strong support method includes rigid primary support and rigid secondary support, but it has a greater impact on the surrounding rock around the tunnel, increasing the construction risk. Passive support is one of the earliest technologies used in soft rock stability control. It has the characteristics of small impact on the surrounding surrounding rock. However, when faced with large deformation, it is difficult to limit the displacement of the surrounding rock. The resistance is insufficient to limit the large deformation, and the support structure will collapse and fail. In addition, these two methods have the disadvantages of high support cost, difficult installation, and high labor intensity.

[0004] According to the above situation, following the concept of "flexible first, then hard", "disperse first, then release" and considering the characteristics of deformation in soft rock areas, an adaptive support structure for high-ground stress soft rock large deformation tunnels is developed, which is of great significance to ensure the overall stability of soft rock large deformation tunnels. To this end, we proposed an adaptive support structure for high-ground stress soft rock large deformation tunnels. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides an adaptive support structure for a high-in-situ stress soft rock large deformation tunnel, which solves the technical problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology in the prior art.

[0006] The solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: it includes a tunnel initial spraying leveling layer, a first layer of sliding rail steel beams, steel clamps, a second layer of sliding rail steel beams, a supporting steel frame support, and a measuring module. The first layer of sliding rail steel beams and the second layer of sliding rail steel beams are each divided into sections, and expansion gaps are reserved between the sliding rail steel beams of each section. The first layer of sliding rail steel beams is tightly attached to the tunnel initial spraying leveling layer, and is spliced ​​into a ring with the second layer of sliding rail steel beams in multiple sections. The first layer of sliding rail steel beams is connected to the second layer of sliding rail steel beams through steel clamps, and the two terminals are connected and fixed to the ground by supporting steel frame supports. Measuring modules are installed at both ends of each section in the groove of the second layer of sliding rail steel beams. The steel clamp includes an upper steel clamp cover and a lower steel clamp groove. The upper steel clamp cover and the lower steel clamp groove are connected by two pairs of screws and nuts, and buffer pads are installed on the surface of the screws.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0008] Furthermore, the first layer of slide rail steel beams has a stiffness greater than that of the second layer of slide rail steel beams, and the second layer of slide rail steel beams has flexible energy absorption performance.

[0009] Furthermore, the first layer of slide rail steel beams and the second layer of slide rail steel beams are both in an inverted "concave" shape, and the second layer of slide rail steel beams can be embedded in the first layer of slide rail steel beams to form a superposition.

[0010] Furthermore, the second layer of slide rail steel beam has a built-in measurement module, which is electrically connected to an external terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, the supporting steel frame support has a built-in buffer groove, a grouting area and a grouting port, and supporting nails are arranged at the bottom of the supporting steel frame support.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides an adaptive support structure for a high-stress soft rock large deformation tunnel, which has the following advantages:

[0013] The present invention is based on the soft rock large deformation support concept of "first give way and then resist" and "first disperse and then release". The original one-layer steel arch support is changed to a double-layer segmented setting, so that the arch can disperse energy when it starts to be stressed, and can effectively deform and expand, avoiding stress concentration and large deformation problems of initial support. At the same time, when the first-layer steel beam reaches the maximum expansion and contraction, the first-layer slide rail steel beam and the second-layer slide rail steel beam shrink into a whole, forming a double-layer steel arch, and the bottom support steel frame support is integrated with the ground through grouting, thereby achieving the effect of improving the overall support stiffness.

[0014] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation of the present invention is given in detail by the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structural adaptive support structure for a high-in-situ stress soft rock large deformation tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the steel clamp position in an adaptive support structure for a high-in-situ stress soft rock large deformation tunnel is provided;

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a first-layer sliding rail steel beam and a second-layer sliding rail steel beam in an adaptive support structure for a high-in-situ stress soft rock large deformation tunnel is provided;

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a supporting steel frame support in an adaptive supporting structure for a high ground stress soft rock large deformation tunnel is provided.

[0020] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0021] 1. Tunnel initial spraying leveling layer; 2. First layer of slide rail steel beam; 3. Steel clamp; 4. Second layer of slide rail steel beam; 5. Support steel frame support; 6. Measurement module; 7. Upper steel clamp cover; 8. Lower steel clamp groove; 9. Screws; 10. Nuts; 11. Buffer pads; 12. Buffer grooves; 13. Grouting area; 14. Grouting port; 15. Support nails. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is combined with Figure 1-4 The principles and features of the present invention are described, and the examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following paragraphs, the present invention is described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer according to the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a component centered. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0025] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive support structure for a high-in-situ stress soft rock large deformation tunnel, including a tunnel initial spraying leveling layer 1, a first-layer slide rail steel beam 2, a steel clamp 3, a second-layer slide rail steel beam 4, a support steel frame support 5, and a measurement module 6, which measures the telescopic displacement and load of the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4. The first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 and the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 are each divided into sections, and a telescopic gap is reserved between the slide rail steel beams of each section. The first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 and the tunnel initial spraying leveling layer 1 are Closely attached, and spliced ​​into a ring with the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 in multiple sections, the first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 is connected to the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 through a steel clamp 3, and the two terminals are connected and fixed to the ground by a supporting steel frame support 5, and a measurement module 6 is installed at both ends of each section in the groove of the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4, the steel clamp 3 includes an upper steel clamp cover 7 and a lower steel clamp groove 8, the upper steel clamp cover 7 and the lower steel clamp groove 8 are connected by two pairs of screws 9 and nuts 10, and a buffer pad 11 is installed on the surface of the screw 9

[0026] Preferably, the first layer of slide rail steel beam 2 has a stiffness greater than that of the second layer of slide rail steel beam 4, and the second layer of slide rail steel beam 4 has a flexible energy absorption performance. When the support structure is squeezed, the first layer of slide rail steel beam 2 first bears the energy generated by the squeezing, and performs local sliding to disperse the energy to the first layer of slide rail steel beam 2 section, and then disperses the energy to the adjacent second layer of slide rail steel beam 4 through the steel clamp 3 for secondary dispersion. After the second layer of slide rail steel beam 4 absorbs the energy, it begins to disperse the energy to the support steel frame support 5. When the sliding value of the first layer of slide rail steel beam 2 reaches the maximum, the adjacent first layer of slide rail steel beams 2 are tightly attached until all the first layer of slide rail steel beams 2 are a whole. At this point, the first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 and the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 form a two-layer arched steel beam, and its structural rigidity is further improved. The size of the first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 and the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4, the size of the steel clamp 3, the size of the support steel frame support 5 and the size of the measurement module 6 are determined according to the actual size of the tunnel and the predicted value of the surrounding rock displacement. The determination method is based on existing theories and experiments and will not be repeated here.

[0027] Preferably, the first layer of slide rail steel beams 2 and the second layer of slide rail steel beams 4 are both in an inverted "concave" shape, and the second layer of slide rail steel beams 4 can be embedded in the first layer of slide rail steel beams 2 to form a superposition.

[0028] Preferably, the second layer slide rail steel beam 4 has a built-in measuring module 6 which is electrically connected to an external terminal to transmit displacement and load signals in real time.

[0029] Preferably, the supporting steel frame support 5 has a built-in buffer groove 12, a grouting area 13 and a grouting port 14. A supporting nail 15 is arranged at the bottom of the supporting steel frame support 5. The supporting steel frame support 5 has a built-in buffer groove 12, which can fix the supporting structure during extrusion. The grouting area 13 is arranged, and after the structure is fixed, grouting is performed through the grouting port 14 to form a whole. Support nails 15 are arranged at the bottom to avoid lateral displacement caused by excessive extrusion.

[0030] The specific working principle and use method of the present invention are:

[0031] The present invention provides an adaptive support structure for a high-ground stress soft rock large deformation tunnel. The first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 is in close contact with the tunnel initial spraying leveling layer 1. When the first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 is locally squeezed from the upper part, it slides to disperse the extrusion energy to the first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 in this section, and then distributes the energy to the adjacent second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 through the steel clamp 3. The second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 receives the transmitted energy and begins to absorb and disperse the energy to the second-layer slide rail steel beam for secondary dispersion. After absorbing the energy, the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 transfers the energy to the support steel frame support 5. After the displacement of the first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 reaches the maximum, the adjacent first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 is in close contact until all the first-layer steel beams are integrated into a double-layer arched steel beam with the second-layer slide rail steel beam 3. At this point, the arch formed by the first-layer slide rail steel beam 2 and the second-layer slide rail steel beam 4 forms a two-layer arched steel beam, further improving the rigidity of the support structure.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present invention as shown in the drawings and described above. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with the profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive support structure for a high-stress soft rock large deformation tunnel, comprising a tunnel initial spraying leveling layer (1), a first-layer slide rail steel beam (2), a steel clamp (3), a second-layer slide rail steel beam (4), a support steel frame support (5), and a measurement module (6), characterized in that: The first-layer slide rail steel beam (2) and the second-layer slide rail steel beam (4) are each divided into sections, and expansion gaps are reserved between the slide rail steel beams of each section. The first-layer slide rail steel beam (2) is in close contact with the tunnel initial spraying leveling layer (1), and is spliced ​​into a ring with the second-layer slide rail steel beam (4) in multiple sections. The first-layer slide rail steel beam (2) is connected to the second-layer slide rail steel beam (4) through a steel clamp (3), and the two ends are connected and fixed to the ground by a supporting steel frame support (5). Measurement modules (6) are installed at both ends of each section in the groove of the second-layer slide rail steel beam (4). The steel clamp (3) includes an upper steel clamp cover (7) and a lower steel clamp groove (8). The upper steel clamp cover (7) and the lower steel clamp groove (8) are connected by two pairs of screws (9) and nuts (10), and a buffer pad (11) is installed on the surface of the screw (9).

2. According to claim 1, an adaptive support structure for a high-stress soft rock large deformation tunnel, characterized in that: The first layer of slide rail steel beams (2) has a greater rigidity than the second layer of slide rail steel beams (4), and the second layer of slide rail steel beams (4) have flexible energy absorption performance.

3. The adaptive support structure for a high-stress soft rock large deformation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first layer of slide rail steel beams (2) and the second layer of slide rail steel beams (4) are both in an inverted "concave" shape, and the second layer of slide rail steel beams (4) can be embedded in the first layer of slide rail steel beams (2) to form a superposition.

4. The adaptive support structure for a high-stress soft rock large deformation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second layer of slide rail steel beam (4) has a built-in measurement module (6) which is electrically connected to an external terminal.

5. The adaptive support structure for a high-stress soft rock large deformation tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting steel frame support (5) has a built-in buffer groove (12), a grouting area (13) and a grouting port (14), and a supporting nail (15) is arranged at the bottom of the supporting steel frame support (5).

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