Preparation method of smelting furnace and heat exchange piece

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of industrial furnaces, and discloses a smelting furnace which is characterized in that the smelting furnace comprises a furnace body, the furnace body internally comprises a main cavity and a heat exchange cavity, and the main cavity communicates with the heat exchange cavity; the heating piece is used for injecting combustible materials, the combustible materials and the combustion-supporting gas are mixed and combusted to heat the main cavity, and overheated gas located in the main cavity is formed; the heat exchange piece is located in the heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange piece is made of a heat storage material, and a flow channel allowing gas to circulate is formed in the heat exchange piece; and the gas circulation assembly communicates with the heat exchange cavity. According to the smelting furnace and the preparation method of the heat exchange piece, overheated gas in a furnace body is used for heating combustion-supporting gas so as to reduce energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of industrial furnaces, and in particular to a method for preparing a smelting furnace and a heat exchange component. Background Art

[0002] Industrial furnaces play a key role in electronics, metallurgy, building materials, ceramics, glass, chemicals, magnetic materials, rare earth smelting, petrochemicals and other fields (such as calcination of metals and inorganic materials, and ceramic molding, etc.), among which the metallurgical industry accounts for the largest proportion of applications, up to 35%. The annual energy consumption of industrial furnaces accounts for about 1 / 4 of the total energy consumption in China, and the high energy consumption problem has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of my country's industry.

[0003] A smelting furnace is a type of industrial furnace. A smelting furnace refers to a device that melts metal ingots and some scrap metals and adds necessary alloy components, and then smelts them into the required alloys through operations such as slagging and refining. However, existing smelting furnaces also have the problem of high energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application mainly solves the technical problem of high energy consumption in the prior art and provides a smelting furnace and a method for preparing a heat exchanger that utilizes superheated gas in the furnace body to heat combustion-supporting gas to reduce energy consumption.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a smelting furnace in a first aspect, characterized in that the smelting furnace comprises: A furnace body, wherein the furnace body includes a main cavity and a heat exchange cavity, and the main cavity is connected to the heat exchange cavity; A heating element, wherein the heating element is used to inject combustibles, wherein the combustibles are mixed with the combustion-supporting gas to heat the main cavity and form superheated gas in the main cavity; A heat exchange element, the heat exchange element is located in the heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange element is formed of a heat storage material, and a flow channel for gas circulation is formed in the heat exchange element; A gas circulation component, the gas circulation component is connected to the heat exchange cavity; wherein, The gas circulation component includes a gas input mode and a gas output mode. In the gas output mode, the gas circulation component extracts the superheated gas in the main cavity, and when the superheated gas passes through the heat exchange element, the heat exchange element is heated; In the gas input mode, the gas circulation component inputs the combustion-supporting gas into the heat exchange cavity, and when the combustion-supporting gas passes through the heat exchange element, the heat exchange element heats the combustion-supporting gas.

[0006] In one possible implementation manner, more than two heat exchange cavities are disposed in the furnace body, and the heat exchange cavity is disposed on one side of the main cavity.

[0007] In one embodiment, the gas circulation component includes: An air intake system, the air intake system comprising an air intake pump and an air intake pipe, the air intake pump being connected to the air intake pipe; An air outlet system, the air outlet system comprising an air outlet pump and an air outlet pipe, the air outlet pump being connected to the air outlet pipe; A first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, the heat exchange cavity includes a first heat exchange cavity and a second heat exchange cavity, the first connecting pipe is connected to at least one of the first heat exchange cavities, and the second connecting pipe is connected to at least one of the second heat exchange cavities; A control valve, wherein the control valve is respectively connected to the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe, and under the control of the control valve, the air inlet pump is connected to one of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through the air inlet pipe, and the air outlet pump is connected to the other of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through the air outlet pipe.

[0008] In one embodiment, the control valve includes A control body, wherein the control body has a control cavity, and the control cavity is connected to the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, the air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe; A rotating body, the rotating body is rotatably connected in the control chamber, and under the rotation of the rotating body, the air intake pump is connected to one of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through an air intake pipe, and the air outlet pump is connected to the other of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through an air outlet pipe.

[0009] In one embodiment, the heat exchanger is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% to 50% aluminum oxide, 20% to 30% magnesium oxide, 10% to 15% zirconium oxide, 10% to 20% calcium silicate, and 1% to 3% silicon carbide or yttrium oxide modified additives; wherein, The silicon carbide is in the form of powder.

[0010] In one embodiment, the heat exchange element further includes a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is made of polyvinyl alcohol and / or starch particles.

[0011] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a heat exchanger, characterized in that the method is applied to the heat exchanger in Example 1, and the method for preparing the heat exchanger comprises: According to the composition ratio of the heat exchange element, the raw materials of the heat exchange element are mixed by wet ball milling process; mixing the pore former; Sintering is performed at a first temperature to form a porous structure.

[0012] In one embodiment, the pore structure consists of first pores and second pores, the diameter of the first pores is 1 mm to 2 mm, and the diameter of the second pores is 3 mm to 5 mm.

[0013] In one embodiment, the porosity of the heat exchange element is 50%-65%.

[0014] In one possible implementation manner, the pore structure consists of open pores and closed pores, the superheated gas and the combustion-supporting gas can flow through the open pores, and the closed pores are isolated from the heat exchange cavity.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, in the smelting furnace of the present application, the combustible material and the combustion-supporting gas are mixed and burned to heat the main cavity and form superheated gas in the main cavity. In the input mode of the gas circulation component, the gas circulation component extracts the superheated gas in the main cavity, and the superheated gas heats the heat exchanger when passing through the heat exchanger. In the output mode of the gas circulation component, the gas circulation component inputs the combustion-supporting gas into the heat exchanger cavity, and the heat exchanger heats the combustion-supporting gas when passing through the heat exchanger. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of the superheated gas is improved, and the temperature of the combustion-supporting gas is increased before the combustion-supporting gas enters the main cavity, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the smelting furnace.

[0016] Therefore, the present application has the characteristics of reasonable structure and convenient use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Attached Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the smelting furnace of the present application; Attached Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gas circulation component of the present application.

[0018] Description of the numbers in the figure: 10. Melting furnace; 100, furnace body; 110, main cavity; 120, heat exchange cavity; 121, first heat exchange cavity; 122, second heat exchange cavity; 200, heating element; 300. Combustibles; 400, combustion-supporting gas; 500, superheated gas; 600, heat exchange parts; 700, gas circulation assembly; 710, air intake pump; 720, air intake pipe; 730, air outlet pump; 740, air outlet pipe; 750, first connecting pipe; 760, second connecting pipe; 770, control valve; 771, control body; 772, rotating body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] The prior art has the technical problem that the existing smelting furnace has high energy consumption.

[0021] To this end, the present application provides a smelting furnace on one hand, wherein the smelting furnace comprises: A furnace body, wherein the furnace body includes a main cavity and a heat exchange cavity, and the main cavity is connected to the heat exchange cavity; A heating element, wherein the heating element is used to inject combustibles, wherein the combustibles are mixed with the combustion-supporting gas to heat the main cavity and form superheated gas in the main cavity; A heat exchange element, the heat exchange element is located in the heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange element is formed of a heat storage material, and a flow channel for gas circulation is formed in the heat exchange element; A gas circulation component, the gas circulation component is connected to the heat exchange cavity; wherein, The gas circulation component includes a gas input mode and a gas output mode. In the gas output mode, the gas circulation component extracts the superheated gas in the main cavity, and when the superheated gas passes through the heat exchange element, the heat exchange element is heated; In the gas input mode, the gas circulation component inputs the combustion-supporting gas into the heat exchange cavity, and when the combustion-supporting gas passes through the heat exchange element, the heat exchange element heats the combustion-supporting gas.

[0022] On the other hand, the present application provides a method for preparing a heat exchanger, characterized in that the heat exchanger is applied to the smelting furnace in Example 1, and the method for preparing the heat exchanger comprises: According to the composition ratio of the heat exchange element, the raw materials of the heat exchange element are mixed by wet ball milling process; mixing the pore former; Sintering is performed at a first temperature to form a porous structure.

[0023] Embodiment 1: Please refer to the attached Figure 1 To Attachment Figure 2As shown, a specific embodiment of the smelting furnace 10 of the present application is shown. In the prior art, the combustion-supporting gas 400 is directly injected into the main cavity 110 and mixed with the combustibles 300 for combustion. The combustion-supporting gas 400 injected into the main cavity 110 will cause the local temperature in the main cavity 110 to decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the local temperature in the main cavity 110 by increasing the input amount of the combustibles 300. However, when the input amount of the combustibles 300 increases, the input amount of the combustion-supporting gas 400 will also increase synchronously, thus forming a vicious circle. The smelting furnace 10 of the present application can heat the combustion-supporting gas 400 through the gas circulation component 700 and the heat exchange component 600, and input the heated combustion-supporting gas 400 into the main cavity 110 to avoid the situation where the temperature in the main cavity 110 is too low locally. The source of the heat of the combustion-supporting gas 400 is the superheated gas 500 in the smelting furnace 10. The superheated gas 500 in the smelting furnace 10 is generally exhaust gas. In this way, the temperature of the combustion-supporting gas 400 can be further increased without the aid of an external heat source, and the energy consumption of the smelting furnace 10 can be reduced by improving the local low temperature in the main cavity 110.

[0024] Attached Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smelting furnace 10 of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the smelting furnace 10 of the present application includes a furnace body 100, which is the main structure of the smelting furnace 10, and other structures of the smelting furnace 10 of the present application are arranged around the furnace body 100. A main cavity 110 is provided in the furnace body 100 of the present application, and the main cavity 110 is used for specific smelting work. During smelting, high temperature will be generated in the main cavity 110, and superheated gas 500 will be formed at the same time. A heat exchange cavity 120 is also provided in the furnace body 100 of the present application, and the heat exchange cavity 120 is connected with the main cavity 110. The heat exchange cavity 120 is used to carry a heat exchange component 600 to realize heat exchange between the superheated gas 500 and the combustion-supporting gas 400.

[0025] In one embodiment, the main cavity 110 is a square structure or a circular structure. However, the specific structure of the main cavity 110 is not limited to a square or a circular structure.

[0026] In one embodiment, the heat exchange cavity 120 is located outside the main cavity 110 .

[0027] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 As shown, the smelting furnace 10 of the present application further includes a heating element 200, which is used to inject combustibles 300 into the main cavity 110. The combustibles 300 and the combustion-supporting gas 400 are mixed and burned to heat the main cavity 110, and the smelting work of the smelting furnace 10 is carried out. While the smelting furnace 10 is carrying out the smelting work, superheated gas 500 is formed in the main cavity 110.

[0028] In one embodiment, the combustible 300 is a gaseous or liquid substance, and the heating element 200 is formed by a nozzle to spray the gaseous or liquid combustible 300. Furthermore, the combustible 300 is natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, diesel, or heavy oil.

[0029] In one embodiment, the combustion-supporting gas 400 is oxygen or a mixture of other oxygen.

[0030] In one embodiment, the superheated gas 500 refers to the waste gas generated after the combustible material 300 and the combustion-supporting gas 400 are mixed and burned. When the waste gas is used as the superheated gas 500, the waste gas can be reused without reducing the temperature of the furnace body 100.

[0031] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 As shown, the smelting furnace 10 of the present application further includes a heat exchanger 600, which is disposed in the heat exchange cavity 120. The heat exchanger 600 is made of a heat storage material, and a flow channel for gas flow is formed in the heat exchanger 600. The gas here refers to the superheated gas 500 and the combustion-supporting gas 400. When the superheated gas 500 flows into the heat exchanger 600, the heat exchanger 600 is used to absorb the heat in the superheated gas 500 to achieve heat storage of the heat exchanger 600. When the combustion-supporting gas 400 flows in the heat exchanger 600 cavity, the heat exchanger 600 transfers the heat to the combustion-supporting gas 400 to achieve heating of the combustion-supporting gas 400. The preparation method of the combustion-supporting gas 400 will be further described in Example 2.

[0032] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 The smelting furnace 10 of the present application further includes a gas circulation component 700, which is in communication with the heat exchange cavity 120, so as to introduce the combustion-supporting gas 400 into the heat exchange cavity 120 or to lead the superheated gas 500 out of the heat exchange cavity 120, so as to allow the superheated gas 500 and the combustion-supporting gas 400 to exchange heat in the heat exchange cavity 120 through the heat exchange element 600. The gas circulation component 700 includes a gas input mode and a gas output mode. In the gas output mode, the gas circulation component 700 extracts the superheated gas 500 in the main cavity 110, and when the superheated gas 500 passes through the heat exchange element 600, the heat exchange element 600 is heated. In the gas input mode, the gas circulation component 700 inputs the combustion-supporting gas 400 into the heat exchange cavity 120, and when the combustion-supporting gas 400 passes through the heat exchange element 600, the heat exchange element 600 is heated.

[0033] In the present application, the gas circulation component 700 includes a synchronous circulation mode and a switching circulation mode. The gas circulation component 700 includes at least two circulation branches. The synchronous circulation mode of the gas circulation component 700 means that at least two circulation branches synchronously operate the gas input mode or the gas output mode. The switching circulation mode of the gas circulation component 700 means that a part of the at least two circulation branches operates in one of the gas input mode and the gas output mode, and the other part operates in the gas output mode and the other of the gas input mode, and the two circulation branches switch back and forth between the gas input mode and the gas output mode.

[0034] The gas circulation component 700 operates the switching circulation mode through the following structure: Please refer to the attached Figure 1 As shown, the gas circulation assembly 700 includes an air intake system and an air outlet system. The air intake system includes an air intake pump 710 and an air intake pipe 720, and the air intake pump 710 is connected to the air intake pipe 720. The air outlet system includes an air outlet pump 730 and an air outlet pipe 740, and the air outlet pump 730 is connected to the air outlet pipe 740.

[0035] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 As shown, the gas circulation component 700 further includes a first connecting pipe 750 and a second connecting pipe 760 . The first connecting pipe 750 is connected to at least one heat exchange cavity 120 , and the second connecting pipe 760 is connected to at least one heat exchange cavity 120 .

[0036] In one embodiment, the first connecting pipe 750 and the second connecting pipe 760 are both connected to one heat exchange cavity 120 .

[0037] Please refer to the attached Figure 1As shown, the gas circulation component 700 includes a control valve 770, which is respectively connected to the first connecting pipe 750, the second connecting pipe 760, the air inlet pipe 720 and the air outlet pipe 740. Under the control of the control valve 770, the air inlet pump 710 is connected to one of the first connecting pipe 750 and the second connecting pipe 760 through the air inlet pipe 720, and the air outlet pump 730 is connected to the other of the first connecting pipe 750 and the second connecting pipe 760 through the air outlet pipe 740. In the present application, the heat exchange cavity 120 includes a first heat exchange cavity 121 and a second heat exchange cavity 122, the first connecting pipe 750 is connected to the first heat exchange cavity 121, and the second connecting pipe 760 is connected to the second heat exchange cavity 122. Under the switching of the control valve 770, when the air intake pump 710 is connected to the first heat exchange cavity 121 through the air intake pipe 720 and the first connecting pipe 750, the gas input mode is operated in the first heat exchange cavity 121, and at this time, the air outlet pump 730 is connected to the second heat exchange cavity 122 through the air outlet pipe 740 and the second connecting pipe 760, and the gas output mode is operated in the second heat exchange cavity 122. And under the switching of the control valve 770, when the air intake pump 710 is connected to the second heat exchange cavity 122 through the air intake pipe 720 and the second connecting pipe 760, the gas input mode is operated in the second heat exchange cavity 122, and at this time, the air outlet pump 730 is connected to the first heat exchange cavity 121 through the air outlet pipe 740 and the first connecting pipe 750, and the gas output mode is operated in the first heat exchange cavity 121.

[0038] When the gas circulation component 700 operates in the switching circulation mode, the smelting furnace 10 always operates in the gas input mode and the gas output mode at the same time, so as to ensure that the temperature in the main cavity 110 is constant.

[0039] Attached Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas circulation assembly 700 of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the control valve 770 of the present application includes a control body 771 , and a control cavity is provided in the control body 771 . The control cavity is connected to the first connecting pipe 750 , the second connecting pipe 760 , the air outlet pipe 740 and the air inlet pipe 720 .

[0040] Please refer to the attached Figure 2 As shown, the control valve 770 of the present application also includes a rotating body 772, which is rotatably connected in the control chamber, and under the rotation of the rotating body 772, the air intake pump 710 is connected to one of the first connecting pipe 750 and the second connecting pipe 760 through the air intake pipe 720, and the air outlet pump 730 is connected to the other of the first connecting pipe 750 and the second connecting pipe 760 through the air outlet pipe 740.

[0041] Further, the rotating body divides the control chamber into a first control chamber and a second control chamber. When the rotating body rotates, the first control chamber and the second control chamber will be relatively displaced relative to the air inlet pipe 720, the air outlet pipe 740, the first connecting pipe 750 and the second connecting pipe 760. That is, the rotating body includes two rotation angles, namely the first rotation angle and the second rotation angle. Further, at the first rotation angle, the air inlet pipe 720 is connected to the first connecting pipe 750 through the first control chamber, and the air outlet pipe 740 is connected to the second connecting pipe 760 through the second control chamber. At the second rotation angle, the air inlet pipe 720 is connected to the second connecting pipe 760 through the first control chamber, and the air outlet pipe 740 is connected to the first connecting pipe 750 through the second control chamber.

[0042] The gas circulation component operates in a synchronized circulation mode through the following structure: The gas circulation component includes two gas circulation branches, and the gas circulation branches include a pump body and a connecting pipe, and the pump body is connected to at least one heat exchange cavity through the connecting pipe. The pump body in the present application can realize suction or blowing at the same time. Furthermore, during specific operation, the two gas circulation branches can synchronously operate in gas output mode or gas input mode. Of course, the gas circulation component of this structure can also operate in switching circulation mode at the same time, that is, one of the gas circulation branches operates in gas output mode, and the other gas circulation branch operates in gas input mode.

[0043] In the present application, the heat exchanger is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% to 50% aluminum oxide, 20% to 30% magnesium oxide, 10% to 15% zirconium oxide, 40% to 50% calcium silicate, and 1% to 3% silicon carbide or yttrium oxide modified additive. In one embodiment, silicon carbide is powder.

[0044] Among them, the heat exchanger contains aluminum oxide, and the chemical formula of aluminum oxide is Al 2 O 3 Alumina accounts for 40%-50% of the mass of heat exchangers. Alumina is used as the main body in heat exchangers. Alumina has stronger high temperature resistance and good chemical stability. It will not react with other components due to high temperature.

[0045] The heat exchanger contains magnesium oxide, the chemical formula of which is MgO. The mass proportion of magnesium oxide in the heat exchanger is 20%-30%. The role of magnesium oxide in the heat exchanger is to increase the melting point and has excellent resistance to chemical corrosion.

[0046] The heat exchanger contains zirconium oxide, and the chemical formula of zirconium oxide is ZrO 2 The mass proportion of zirconium oxide in the heat exchanger is 10%-15%. The role of zirconium oxide in the heat exchanger is to provide thermal shock resistance and make the heat exchanger suitable for high temperature fluctuation environment.

[0047] The heat exchanger contains calcium silicate, and the chemical formula of calcium carbonate is CaSiO 3 Calcium carbonate accounts for 10%-20% of the mass of the heat exchanger. Calcium carbonate is used as a lightweight thermal insulation filler in the heat exchanger to reduce material density and improve thermal insulation performance, thereby enhancing the heat storage performance of the heat exchanger.

[0048] The heat exchanger also includes a reinforcing agent, which is silicon carbide or yttrium oxide. The chemical formula of silicon carbide is SiC, and the chemical formula of yttrium oxide is Y 2 O 3 The role of the enhancer in the heat exchanger is to improve the mechanical strength and thermal crack resistance of the heat exchanger.

[0049] Furthermore, the heat exchanger also includes a pore former, which is made of polyvinyl alcohol and / or starch particles. The addition of the pore former can form a pore structure in the heat exchanger, and the connection of each pore structure further forms a flow channel for gas circulation in the heat exchanger. The formation of the flow channel can enable the superheated gas to store heat in the heat exchanger and the combustion-supporting gas to absorb heat in the heat exchanger.

[0050] In one embodiment, the pore structure is composed of a first pore and a second pore, the diameter of the first pore is 1mm-2mm, the diameter of the second pore is 3mm-5mm, and the combustion-supporting gas and the superheated gas realize heat exchange in the first pore. The setting of the second pore has the following effects: first, the second gap with a large aperture helps the rapid diffusion and mixing of the combustion-supporting gas and the oxidant to improve the combustion efficiency; secondly, the setting of the second pore reduces the flow resistance and reduces the pressure loss of the airflow; finally, the second pore with a large aperture has better thermal shock tolerance at high temperature and is suitable for areas with intense combustion.

[0051] In one embodiment, the heating element and the heat exchange element are arranged correspondingly, so that the combustible material is injected into the heat exchange element and heated by the heat exchange element.

[0052] Furthermore, the porosity of the heat exchanger is 50%-60%. The pore structure consists of open pores and closed pores. The open pores can always flow superheated gas and combustion-supporting gas. The closed pores are isolated from the heat exchange cavity, that is, superheated gas and combustion-supporting gas cannot flow into the closed pores. The combination of closed pores and open pores is more conducive to heat storage and heat release of the heat exchanger. At the same time, after forming a porous structure, the heat exchanger can play the following roles: first, the heat exchanger preheats the combustion-supporting gas or combustible material so that it has a higher temperature when entering the furnace body, thereby less likely to have the problem of temperature drop; secondly, the heat exchanger can absorb and slowly release energy, making the temperature distribution in the furnace body more uniform, so as to reduce the supply of fuel.

[0053] Embodiment 2: The present application discloses a method for preparing a heat exchanger, and is applied to the heat exchanger in Example 1. The method for preparing the heat exchanger comprises the following steps: The first step is to mix the raw materials of the heat exchanger by wet ball milling according to the composition ratio of the heat exchanger in Example 1; The second step is to mix the pore-forming agent; The third step is to sinter at the first temperature to form a porous structure.

[0054] In one embodiment, the pore structure is composed of a first pore and a second pore, the diameter of the first pore is 1mm-2mmm, the diameter of the second pore is 3mm-5mm, the combustion-supporting gas and the superheated gas realize heat exchange in the first pore, and the second pore is set to reduce the resistance of the flow channel to the gas. Further, the porosity of the heat exchanger is 50%-60%. The pore structure is composed of open pores and closed pores. The open pores can always flow superheated gas and combustion-supporting gas, and the closed pores are isolated from the heat exchange cavity, that is, superheated gas and combustion-supporting gas cannot flow into the closed pores, and the combination of closed pores and open pores is more conducive to heat storage and heat release of the heat exchanger.

[0055] Performance Testing The heat exchanger prepared in Example 1-2 was tested for high temperature resistance, thermal conductivity, porosity, open porosity ratio, thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength.

[0056] (1) High temperature resistance: thermal gravimetric analysis test.

[0057] The heat exchanger of the present application reflects the degree of high temperature resistance through the mass change of the material at high temperature. The mass change of the material at high temperature is measured by a thermogravimetric balance and a differential thermal analyzer to evaluate its thermal stability, thermal decomposition temperature and thermal decomposition rate. For the heat exchanger, the higher the temperature during thermal decomposition, the better the high temperature resistance of the heat exchanger. ‌‌

[0058] Thermal conductivity: Steady-state method test. This method uses the equilibrium state in which the heat transfer rate is equal to the heat dissipation rate during the steady heat transfer process to calculate the thermal conductivity coefficient through the Fourier one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction model. For heat exchangers, the higher the thermal conductivity, the better the thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger.

[0059] Porosity: Density method. Porosity is calculated by measuring the density of the material. First, the apparent density of the material is measured, and then the porosity is calculated based on the theoretical density of the material. The formula is: Porosity = (1 - Apparent density / Theoretical density) × 100%. For heat exchangers, moderate porosity means better heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger.

[0060] Open porosity ratio: Archimedean method or gas displacement method. Archimedean method: The sample is completely immersed in a specific liquid, so that the pores are filled with liquid; the dry weight, wet weight and liquid displacement are measured. Calculate the open porosity: Vopen / Vtotal*100%, where Vopen is the volume of the open pores, which can be calculated by the volume immersed in the liquid, and Vtotal is the total volume of the sample (including the solid part and the pore part).

[0061] Gas displacement method: The porosity is indirectly calculated using the flow rate and pressure difference of gas passing through the material. Calculate the open porosity: Vaccessible pores / Vtotal*100%, where Vaccessible pores is the pore volume that the gas can enter, usually measured by pressure change and volume displacement method, and Vtotal is the total volume of the sample, which can be calculated by geometric size or density method.

[0062] Thermal shock resistance: Thermal shock test. The sample is subjected to a rapid temperature change environment in a short period of time to observe whether cracks, bubbles, etc. appear on the sample to evaluate its thermal shock resistance. For example, a thermal insulation film sample is placed in a thermal shock tester to observe whether cracks or bubbles appear. For heat exchangers, the thermal shock resistance of the heat exchanger is evaluated by the relative temperature when cracks or bubbles appear.

[0063] Mechanical strength: Tensile test with a universal material testing machine. Tensile strength is the ratio of the maximum tensile force that a material can withstand during the tensile process to the original cross-sectional area of ​​the sample. During the test, the sample is placed on a universal material testing machine, and a gradually increasing tensile force is applied until the sample breaks. The maximum tensile force before the break is recorded, and the tensile strength is calculated based on the original cross-sectional area of ​​the sample. For heat exchangers, the mechanical properties of heat exchangers are evaluated by tensile strength.

[0064] The performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1 Performance test results of heat exchange components in Examples 1-2

[0066] According to the test results in Table 1, the heat exchanger prepared in Example 2 has excellent performance in terms of high temperature resistance, thermal conductivity, porosity, open porosity ratio, thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength. It is used as a heat exchange material, which has broad prospects in the field of heat exchange based on smelting furnaces. Existing commonly used products include ceramic-based materials, metal-based materials, polymer-based materials and composite materials. Among them, the ceramic-based materials are aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and zirconium oxide, the metal-based materials are composed of stainless steel, nickel alloy, and aluminum alloy, the polymer-based materials are composed of polyurethane and polyacrylate, and the composite materials are composed of ceramic metal composite materials and porous carbon materials.

[0067] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0068] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0069] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A smelting furnace, characterized in that: The smelting furnace comprises: A furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a main cavity and a heat exchange cavity, and the main cavity is connected to the heat exchange cavity; A heating element, wherein the heating element is used to inject combustibles, wherein the combustibles are mixed with the combustion-supporting gas to heat the main cavity and form superheated gas in the main cavity; A heat exchange element, the heat exchange element is located in the heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange element is formed of a heat storage material, and a flow channel for gas circulation is formed in the heat exchange element; A gas circulation component, the gas circulation component is connected to the heat exchange cavity; wherein, The gas circulation component includes a gas input mode and a gas output mode. In the gas output mode, the gas circulation component extracts the superheated gas in the main cavity, and when the superheated gas passes through the heat exchange element, the heat exchange element is heated; In the gas input mode, the gas circulation component inputs the combustion-supporting gas into the heat exchange cavity, and when the combustion-supporting gas passes through the heat exchange element, the heat exchange element heats the combustion-supporting gas.

2. The smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: More than two heat exchange cavities are arranged in the furnace body, and the heat exchange cavity is arranged on one side of the main cavity.

3. The smelting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas circulation component comprises: An air intake system, the air intake system comprising an air intake pump and an air intake pipe, the air intake pump being connected to the air intake pipe; An air outlet system, the air outlet system comprising an air outlet pump and an air outlet pipe, the air outlet pump being connected to the air outlet pipe; A first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, the heat exchange cavity includes a first heat exchange cavity and a second heat exchange cavity, the first connecting pipe is connected to at least one of the first heat exchange cavities, and the second connecting pipe is connected to at least one of the second heat exchange cavities; A control valve, wherein the control valve is respectively connected to the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe, and under the control of the control valve, the air inlet pump is connected to one of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through the air inlet pipe, and the air outlet pump is connected to the other of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through the air outlet pipe.

4. The smelting furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control valve comprises A control body, wherein the control body has a control cavity, and the control cavity is connected to the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, the air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe; A rotating body, the rotating body is rotatably connected in the control chamber, and under the rotation of the rotating body, the air intake pump is connected to one of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through an air intake pipe, and the air outlet pump is connected to the other of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe through an air outlet pipe.

5. The smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% to 50% aluminum oxide, 20% to 30% magnesium oxide, 10% to 15% zirconium oxide, 10% to 20% calcium silicate, and 1% to 3% silicon carbide or yttrium oxide modified additives; wherein, The silicon carbide is in the form of powder.

6. The smelting furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat exchange element also includes a pore-forming agent, which is made of polyvinyl alcohol and / or starch particles. The mass percentage of the pore-forming agent in the heat exchange element is 10% to 50%.

7. A method for preparing a heat exchange component, characterized in that: The heat exchanger used in the smelting furnace of claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the heat exchanger comprises: According to the composition ratio of the heat exchange element, the raw materials of the heat exchange element are mixed by wet ball milling process; mixing the pore former; Sintering is performed at a first temperature to form a porous structure.

8. The method for preparing a heat exchange element according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pore structure consists of first pores and second pores, the diameter of the first pores is 1 mm to 2 mm, and the diameter of the second pores is 3 mm to 5 mm.

9. The method for preparing a heat exchanger according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the porosity of the heat exchanger is 50%-65%.

10. The method for preparing a heat exchange component according to claim 9, wherein the pore structure consists of open pores and closed pores, the superheated gas and the combustion-supporting gas can flow through the open pores, and the closed pores are isolated from the heat exchange cavity.

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