Method for improving meteorological conditions of asparagus lettuce early sowing in cold area

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving meteorological conditions of asparagus lettuce early sowing in cold areas. The method for improving the meteorological conditions through early sowing of the asparagus lettuce in the cold and cool area comprises the following steps that S1, the sowing time is determined, wherein the sowing time is 10-15 days earlier than normal sowing time; s2, ditching and ridging: ridging in the north-south direction; s3, sowing: firstly, irrigating the furrows, and harrowing the soil in the furrows for sowing when the water completely infiltrates and the surface of the soil in the furrows is dry; s4, film covering: covering white mulching films among ridges after sowing; s5, field management: sprouting about ten days after sowing and film covering, enabling the asparagus lettuce seedlings to grow under the film from the sprouting of the seeds, putting the seedlings when 4-5 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning and final singling, and selecting and remaining one robust seedling in each hole. The method for improving the meteorological conditions of asparagus lettuce early sowing in the cold and cool area has the advantages that frost in the seedling period can be prevented, premature budding and flowering caused by high temperature in the stem expansion period are avoided, and meanwhile furrow sowing is not beneficial to water loss and has the effect of preserving soil moisture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lettuce planting, in particular to a method for early sowing of lettuce in cold areas to improve meteorological conditions. Background Art

[0002] Due to its cold and dry climate, the Qinghai Plateau often faces the risk of frost disasters during the seedling stage of lettuce planting, and often encounters meteorological disasters such as drought and high temperature during the stem expansion period, which affect the yield and quality of lettuce. This technology solves the threat of frost disasters during the seedling stage of lettuce planting, and high temperature and drought during the stem expansion period.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold areas to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold areas, which can prevent frost in the seedling stage and avoid premature budding and flowering caused by high temperature in the stem expansion stage, while furrow sowing is not conducive to water loss and can conserve moisture.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold regions provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: S1: Determine the sowing time: 10 to 15 days earlier than normal sowing; S2: Ditching and ridge-forming: ridge-forming in the north-south direction; S3: Sowing: First, water the furrows, wait for the water to completely seep in, and when the soil surface in the furrows is dry, you can rake the soil in the furrows to loosen it and sow the seeds; S4: Film covering: Cover the ridges with white film after sowing; S5: Field management: The seeds will germinate about ten days after sowing and covering with film. Lettuce grows under the film from seed germination to seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 4 to 5 true leaves, they will be planted and thinned out. One healthy seedling will be selected in each hole. After transplanting, the soil around the seedlings will be compacted. Normal field management will be carried out by fertilizing and weeding in the later stage. The seeds will be harvested when the top of the main stem is level with the tip of the highest leaf.

[0006] Preferably, in S2, the ridge-forming specifications are: ridge width 20 cm, ridge height 20 cm, ridge ditch width 15 cm, and the ridge length can be determined according to the actual situation of the plot.

[0007] Preferably, in S3, the plant spacing is controlled to be 30 cm during sowing, 4 to 5 seeds are planted in each hole during sowing, and the sowing depth is 0.5 to 1.0 cm.

[0008] Preferably, in S4, when laying the film, both sides of the ground film are placed on the ridge surface and compacted with soil, so that a cavity is formed in the ridge ditch under the film for the growth of seedlings.

[0009] Compared with the related art, the method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold regions provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention provides a method for improving meteorological conditions by early sowing of lettuce in cold regions, which can improve the ground temperature in the seedling stage and prevent late frost. After ridge formation, sowing is carried out in the ridge furrow and covered with mulch film, which can improve the soil temperature, generally 2-3°C higher than that of the open field, so that the lettuce is kept in the mulch film-covered furrow from the emergence of seedlings to the rosette stage, avoiding low temperature and frost in the seedling stage. The mulch film covering can also reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, which is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings and improves the potential for increasing production. Early sowing can avoid high temperature in the late growth period, control bolting and promote the thickening of stems, and reduce the risk of late frost due to the mulching technology. , raising the soil temperature can advance the sowing time by 10 to 15 days. Normally sown lettuce will cause the stem to shoot up in the later growth period because the average temperature is higher than its optimum temperature, and it will bud and bloom prematurely, making the stem slender and hollow. Early sowing advances the development period and avoids the adverse effects of high temperature during the long period of stem expansion and elongation. Furrow sowing can effectively store precipitation and increase soil moisture content. After planting seedlings, the furrow sowing method helps to collect precipitation on the ridge surface into the furrow and infiltrate into the soil, thereby increasing soil moisture content, enhancing soil water storage capacity, alleviating drought, and saving irrigation water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0011] The method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold areas includes the following steps:.

[0012] S1: Determine the sowing time: According to tests and field surveys, the average daily temperature for spring sowing of lettuce should be stable above 3°C. Mulching can increase the temperature by 2-3°C. According to the statistics of daily average temperature in the past 30 years, the difference of 2-3°C in the average daily temperature in spring is 10-15 days apart. Therefore, the sowing period of furrow sowing and mulching technology can be 10-15 days earlier than normal sowing.

[0013] S2: Trenching and ridge making: Artificial ridge making in north-south direction, with ridge width of 20cm, ridge height of 20cm, ridge ditch width of 15cm, and ridge length can be determined according to the actual situation of the plot.

[0014] S3: Sowing: 10 to 15 days earlier than the local conventional sowing time, first irrigate the furrows, wait for the water to completely infiltrate, and when the soil surface in the furrow is dry, you can rake the soil in the furrows and sow, with a spacing of 30 cm. When sowing, plant 4 to 5 seeds per hole, with a sowing depth of 0.5 to 1.0 cm.

[0015] S4: Film covering: After sowing, cover the ridges with white film. White film has good light transmittance and the ground temperature rises quickly, which is suitable for promoting the germination of lettuce seeds and the development of the root system. It can also help to understand the development of crops under the film and grasp the time of planting seedlings. When laying the film, the two sides of the film should be placed on the ridge surface and compacted with soil to prevent strong winds from lifting the film.

[0016] S5: Field management: Germination occurs about half a month after sowing and film covering. From seed germination to seedling lettuce growing under the film, it avoids the low temperature in the early stage. When the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, plant them and carry out thinning and finalization. Select one strong seedling per hole. After thinning, compact the soil around the seedlings to prevent the phenomenon of hanging seedlings caused by high temperature and rapid evaporation of soil moisture. Early sowing advances the stem expansion period and avoids the influence of high temperature weather. Furrow sowing can improve soil moisture conditions. At this time, water and fertilizer should be appropriately supplemented to make the stems grow thick. In the later stage, normal fertilization and weeding and other field management should be carried out. The top of the main stem of the plant is level with the tip of the highest leaf.

[0017] Compared with the related art, the method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold regions provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention provides a method for improving meteorological conditions by early sowing of lettuce in cold regions, which can improve the ground temperature in the seedling stage and prevent late frost. After ridge formation, sowing is carried out in the ridge furrow and covered with mulch film, which can improve the soil temperature, generally 2-3°C higher than that of the open field, so that the lettuce is kept in the mulch film-covered furrow from the emergence of seedlings to the rosette stage, avoiding low temperature and frost in the seedling stage. The mulch film covering can also reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, which is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings and improves the potential for increasing production. Early sowing can avoid high temperature in the late growth period, control bolting and promote the thickening of stems, and reduce the risk of late frost due to the mulching technology. , raising the soil temperature can advance the sowing time by 10 to 15 days. Normally sown lettuce will shoot up in the later growth period because the average temperature is higher than its optimum temperature, causing the stem to shoot up too high, prematurely bolting and budding, making the stem slender and hollow. Early sowing advances the development period and avoids the adverse effects of high temperature during the long period of stem expansion and elongation. Furrow sowing can effectively store precipitation and increase soil moisture content. After planting seedlings, the furrow sowing method helps to collect precipitation on the ridge surface into the furrow and infiltrate into the soil, thereby increasing soil moisture content, enhancing soil water storage capacity, alleviating drought, and saving irrigation water.

[0018] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold regions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Determine the sowing time: 10 to 15 days earlier than normal sowing; S2: Ditching and ridge-forming: ridge-forming in the north-south direction; S3: Sowing: First, water the furrows, wait for the water to completely seep in, and when the soil surface in the furrows is dry, you can rake the soil in the furrows to loosen it and sow the seeds; S4: Film covering: Cover the ridges with white film after sowing; S5: Field management: The seeds will germinate about ten days after sowing and covering with film. Lettuce grows under the film from seed germination to seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 4 to 5 true leaves, they will be planted and thinned out. One healthy seedling will be selected in each hole. After transplanting, the soil around the seedlings will be compacted. Normal field management will be carried out by fertilizing and weeding in the later stage. The seeds will be harvested when the top of the main stem is level with the tip of the highest leaf.

2. The method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cool areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the ridge-forming specifications are: ridge width 20 cm, ridge height 20 cm, ridge furrow width 15 cm, and the ridge length can be determined according to the actual situation of the plot.

3. The method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the plant spacing is controlled to be 30 cm during sowing, 4 to 5 seeds are sown in each hole during sowing, and the sowing depth is 0.5 to 1.0 cm.

4. The method for improving meteorological conditions for early sowing of lettuce in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, when laying the film, both sides of the ground film are placed on the ridge surface and compacted with soil, and a cavity is formed in the ridge ditch under the film for the seedlings to grow.