Production process and application of complete feed containing fermented feed
By fermenting the full-price or partial-price materials, and mixing them with corn flour and granulating them, the problem of inconvenient application of fermented feed in the breeding farm is solved, and automated feeding and improvement of the growth performance of soil roosters is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411624885.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
The actual application of existing fermented feed in farms is not common, mainly due to its high moisture content, it is difficult to feed through the automatic feeding system, and it is inconvenient to produce and add on-site.
Compound bacterial species are used to ferment full-price or partial-price materials to make fermentation products, and mix them with corn flour to reduce the moisture content, and enter the granulation process to form pelletized feed that is easy to feed.
It realizes automatic feeding of fermented feed, simplifies the production process, improves the growth performance of the earthen rooster, and improves the carcass traits and meat quality.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0005134474480000071 
Figure BDA0005134474480000101
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of feed preparation, and more specifically, to a preparation process of a complete feed containing fermented feed and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, the use of fermented feed in animal husbandry has gradually increased, and has achieved certain results in replacing antibiotics, improving growth performance and product quality. Fermentation of feed can improve the flavor and palatability of feed, degrade macromolecules and anti-nutritional factors, and produce small peptides to improve the digestibility of feed, enhance the immunity of animals, and improve the intestinal function of animals. In terms of usage, fermented feed can be fed in the form of liquid feed due to its high water content (it is used in pigs, but not in poultry), but most of them are added to complete feed in a certain proportion for feeding. This method of making it on-site at the farm and temporarily adding it to the feed when it is used will increase the workload of the breeders, and it is not convenient to directly add powdered fermented feed to the complete feed for feeding through an automatic feeding system. The above two reasons have led to the fact that fermented feed is currently more common in research reports, and its actual application in production is not common. Summary of the invention
[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a complete feed containing fermented feed for breeding of native roosters in the later growth period and a preparation method thereof, wherein a composite strain is used to ferment complete feed or non-complete feed, and after the fermentation product is supplemented with some nutrients [the final amount of the added amount is 10% (air-dried basis)], it is first mixed with corn flour in the complete feed to reduce the water content of the mixture to 15-18%, and then enters the granulation process, and is mixed with other ingredients for granulation and then fed. The feed production process of the present invention can be completed in a feed factory, is suitable for feeding with an automatic feeding system, and can improve the growth performance of native roosters, and also has a trend of improving carcass traits and meat quality, and can simultaneously meet the different needs of chicken producers, distributors and consumers, and has a good prospect of use.
[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0005] A process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed, wherein 10% fermented feed (air-dried basis) is added to the complete feed, mixed and then hot granulated;
[0006] The fermented feed is prepared by adding a fermentation agent to complete feed or incomplete feed, fermenting the feed for 5 days, and adding 10% corn flour and 1% premix.
[0007] Preferably, the production process of complete feed containing fermented feed is as follows: take part of complete feed or incomplete feed, add 0.1% fermentation agent to the complete feed or incomplete feed, add water to the humidity of about 60%, put it into a fermentation bag and ferment it at 30°C for 5 days;
[0008] Then, corn flour is added to the fermented complete feed or incomplete feed according to the air-dried basis weight to reduce the moisture content to below 20%, and then the complete feed containing fermented feed is mixed with other remaining complete feed or incomplete feed ingredients and pelletized to obtain complete feed.
[0009] Preferably, the starter ingredients include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, complex enzyme preparation, and carrier.
[0010] Preferably, the total amount of lactic acid bacteria and saccharomyces cerevisiae in the starter is ≥ 10 billion cfu / g, and the moisture content is < 9.0%.
[0011] Preferred: The formula of complete feed is: 63% corn, 10% second flour, 5% bran, 11% soybean meal, 1% fish meal, 4% corn gluten meal, 2.5% yeast powder, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% stone powder, 0.3% salt, and 1% premix.
[0012] Preferred: The formula of incomplete feed is: ryegrass, bran, corn flour, soybean meal, molasses, and cellulase.
[0013] The invention discloses an application of a complete feed containing fermented feed, which is applied to the later-stage feeding of native roosters.
[0014] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the fermented complete material or incomplete material is first mixed with corn flour to reduce the moisture content to below 20%, so that the corn flour can directly enter the granulation process, which is convenient for production.
[0015] The complete feed provided by the invention is added with fermented feed, which has the advantages of improving the growth performance of native roosters and also has a tendency to improve the carcass traits and meat quality.
[0016] The fermented feed of the present invention is added into complete feed to prepare pellet feed, which is convenient to transport, store and use, and is convenient for promotion and application in breeding farms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example embodiments. It should be understood that the discussion of these embodiments is only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of protection of the contents of this specification. Each example may omit, replace or add various processes or components as needed. In addition, the features described relative to some examples may also be combined in other examples.
[0018] Example 1
[0019] In this embodiment, a process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed is proposed, wherein 10% fermented feed (air-dried basis) is added to the complete feed, mixed and then hot granulated;
[0020] The fermented feed is prepared by adding a fermentation agent to the complete feed, fermenting it for 5 days, and adding 10% corn flour and 1% premix.
[0021] The specific process of making complete feed containing fermented feed is as follows: take part of the complete feed, add 0.1% fermentation agent to the complete feed, add water to the complete feed until the humidity is about 60%, put it into a fermentation bag and ferment it at 30°C for 5 days;
[0022] Then corn flour is added to the fermented complete feed according to the air-dried basis weight to reduce the moisture content to below 20%, and then it enters the granulation process and is mixed with other remaining complete feed ingredients and granulated to obtain a complete feed containing fermented feed.
[0023] The fermentation agent ingredients include saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, complex enzyme preparation and carrier.
[0024] The total amount of lactic acid bacteria and brewer's yeast in the starter is ≥10 billion cfu / g, and the moisture content is <9.0%.
[0025] The formula of complete feed is: 63% corn, 10% second flour, 5% bran, 11% soybean meal, 1% fish meal, 4% corn gluten meal, 2.5% yeast powder, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% stone powder, 0.3% salt, and 1% premix.
[0026] Example 2
[0027] A process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed, wherein 10% fermented feed (air-dried basis) is added to the complete feed, mixed and then hot granulated;
[0028] The fermented feed is prepared by adding a fermentation agent to an incomplete feed, fermenting it for 5 days, and adding 10% corn flour and 1% premix.
[0029] The specific process of making complete feed containing fermented feed is as follows: take part of incomplete feed, add 0.1% fermentation agent to the incomplete feed, add water to the humidity of about 60%, put it into a fermentation bag and ferment it at 30°C for 5 days;
[0030] Then, corn flour is added to the fermented incomplete feed according to the air-dried basis weight to reduce the moisture content to below 20%, and then the fermented incomplete feed enters the granulation process and is mixed with other remaining incomplete feed ingredients and granulated to obtain a complete feed containing fermented feed.
[0031] The fermentation agent ingredients include saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, complex enzyme preparation and carrier.
[0032] The total amount of lactic acid bacteria and brewer's yeast in the starter is ≥10 billion cfu / g, and the moisture content is <9.0%.
[0033] The formula of incomplete feed is: ryegrass, bran, corn meal, soybean meal, molasses, and cellulase.
[0034] Example 3
[0035] In this embodiment, an application of a complete feed containing fermented feed is proposed, which is applied to the later breeding of native roosters.
[0036] Example 4
[0037] Step 1: Production of fermented feed using non-complete feed as raw materials
[0038] Cut ryegrass into 1-2 cm lengths, mix the ingredients according to the following formula (20 catties ryegrass, 20 catties bran, 20 catties corn flour, 37.1 catties soybean meal, 2 catties molasses, 400 g cellulase, 50 g starter), until it can be formed into a ball with a small amount of water seeping out (humidity is about 60%), put it into a fermentation bag with a breathing valve, ferment at 30°C for 5 days, and set aside.
[0039] Step 2: Preparation of full price ingredients
[0040] The complete feed for native roosters was prepared according to the following formula: 62% corn, 10% second flour, 5% bran, 11% soybean meal, 1% fish meal, 4% corn gluten meal, 2.5% yeast powder, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% stone powder, 0.3% salt and 1% premix.
[0041] Step 3: Preparation of pellet feed for native roosters in the later growth period containing fermented feed
[0042] Take part of the fermented feed, add 10% corn flour on an air-dried basis to make up for the energy loss during the fermentation process, add 1% premix to make up for other nutrients, mix it with corn flour at a ratio of 10%, 20%, and 30% (air-dried basis) to reduce the moisture content to below 20%, and then add it to the granulation process and mix it with other ingredients to make granular feed.
[0043] Step 4: Feeding test
[0044] Fifty healthy 85-day-old Huainan grass-fed roosters were randomly divided into five groups (control group and experimental group), with 10 in each group, and pre-fed for 6 days. During the pre-feeding period, they were fed with a basic diet. During the pre-feeding period, ivermectin-albendazole was used for deworming, and each group was fed with a corresponding diet after the start of the experiment. The control group was fed with a complete formula feed, and the experimental group diets contained 10%, 20%, and 30% fermented feed (air-dried basis) and 20% fermented feed (unpelleted), respectively, and were fed for 36 days (from 90 days to 125 days of age). The chickens in each group were raised in the same chicken house, and each chicken was raised in a single cage, with free access to food and water.
[0045] Each chicken was weighed before and after the formal experiment (fasted for 12 hours) to calculate the average daily weight gain. The feed intake of each native rooster during the experiment was recorded to calculate the average daily feed intake. The feed-to-weight ratio was calculated based on the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake.
[0046] At the end of the experiment, 5 local roosters were slaughtered in each group according to the method of "GB / T19478P-2018 Chicken Slaughter Operation Procedure for Livestock and Poultry", and the live weight, carcass weight, half-eviscerated weight, full-eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight and breast muscle weight were weighed in turn, and the slaughter rate, half-eviscerated rate, full-eviscerated rate, leg muscle rate and breast muscle rate were calculated.
[0047] Meat quality determination:
[0048] (1) Flesh color
[0049] After slaughter, use a scalpel to remove the left breast muscle, within the middle 1 / 3 area of the surface of the chicken breast near the ribs. The sample surface must be flat, and try to avoid visible fat and connective tissue during testing. Compare the meat color detector with its corresponding standard colorimetric plate for calibration. Then place the lens of the meat color detector on the surface of the meat, press it tightly, and do not allow light to leak. After testing, record the brightness L*, redness a*, and yellowness b* values of the meat sample. Test at least 3 points for each sample and take the average value as its L*, a*, and b*.
[0050] (2) Drip loss rate
[0051] Take a breast muscle sample, trim it into a meat sample of 3cm×3cm×2.5cm shape, weigh it (m1), hook one end of the meat strip with a thin wire, hang it in a plastic cup, seal it with plastic wrap, tie the cup mouth tightly so that the meat strip cannot touch the cup wall, put the cup in a 4℃ refrigerator for 24h, take out the meat strip, dry the surface moisture with ordinary absorbent paper, and weigh it for the second time (m2), calculate the drip loss rate according to the formula "drip loss rate = (m1-m2) / m1×100%".
[0052] (3) pH 45 min
[0053] Place the left pectoralis major muscle 45 minutes after slaughter flat on a tray, insert the calibrated testo-205-pH meter probe directly into the pectoralis major muscle, at least immersing the pH meter probe, and record the data after the measuring instrument data stabilizes. Test 3 positions for each sample and take the average value as the pH 45 min value of the left pectoralis muscle.
[0054] (4) Breast muscle tasting score
[0055] Cut the rooster breast muscle into 1cm pieces 3 Weigh a certain amount of meat cubes of different sizes, add 10 times the volume of water, boil for 3 minutes after the water boils, remove from the pot, cool until it is no longer hot, and then have 10 trained staff taste it. Evaluate the meat and soup based on the four dimensions of aroma, umami, juiciness, and tenderness, with each item having a maximum of 5 points and a minimum of 1 point. Also give an overall impression score (maximum 5 points, minimum 1 point).
[0056] Statistical analysis:
[0057] All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison were performed using the DPS data processing system. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference, and P < 0.01 indicated an extremely significant difference.
[0058] Test results:
[0059] As shown in Table 1, compared with the basic diet group, the feed-to-weight ratio was reduced by 15.4% (p<0.05), the muscle pH45 min value was significantly increased (p<0.05), the meat color b* value was significantly reduced (p<0.05), the average daily weight gain was increased by 10.4% (p>0.05), the average daily feed intake was reduced by 7.1% (p>0.05), the semi-eviscerated rate was increased by 1.1% (p>0.05), and the full eviscerated rate was increased by 1.8% (p>0.05). The meat quality taste scores all showed an upward trend (p>0.05). The growth performance of the 20% fermented feed (non-pelleted) was relatively poor. These results show that the addition of 10% pelleted fermented feed to the diet can significantly improve the growth performance of native roosters, and at the same time, there is a trend of improving carcass traits and meat quality. Although adding 20% pelleted fermented feed had an improvement trend on growth performance, it reduced carcass traits and meat quality indicators. Adding 30% pelleted fermentation failed to improve the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of native roosters at the same time. It can be seen that adding 10% fermented feed made from incomplete feed as raw materials and pelleting it has the best effect on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of native roosters.
[0060] Table 1 Effects of adding fermented feed containing incomplete feed as raw materials to the diet on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of native roosters in the late growth period
[0061]
[0062] Note: Data in the same row marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05), and data marked with different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (p<0.01). The same applies below.
[0063] Example 5
[0064] Step 1: Preparation of fermented feed with complete feed as raw material
[0065] Prepare the complete feed for native roosters according to the following formula: 62% corn, 10% second flour, 5% bran, 11% soybean meal, 1% fish meal, 4% corn gluten meal, 2.5% yeast powder, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% stone powder, 0.3% salt, and 1% premix. Mix 99.9 catties of complete feed and 50 grams of fermentation agent, add appropriate amount of water to about 60% humidity, put into fermentation bag, ferment at 30℃ for 5 days, and set aside. The fermented feed is golden yellow and has a strong wine aroma.
[0066] Step 2: Preparation of pellet feed for local roosters in the later growth period containing fermented complete feed
[0067] Take part of the fermented complete feed and add 10% corn flour on an air-dried basis to make up for the energy loss during the fermentation process, and add 1% premix to make up for other nutrients. Mix with corn flour at a ratio of 10%, 20%, and 30% (air-dried basis) to reduce the moisture content to below 20%, and then enter the granulation process to mix with other ingredients in the complete feed and granulate.
[0068] Step 3: Feeding test
[0069] Fifty healthy 87-day-old Huainan grass-fed roosters were randomly divided into five groups (control group and experimental group), with 10 in each group, and pre-fed for 10 days. During the pre-feeding period, they were fed with a basic diet. During the pre-feeding period, ivermectin-albendazole was used for deworming, and each group was fed with a corresponding diet after the start of the experiment. The control group was fed with a complete feed, and the experimental group was fed with a complete feed containing 10%, 20%, and 30% fermented feed (air-dried basis) and 20% fermented feed (ungranulated) for 30 days (from 96 days to 125 days of age). The chickens in each group were raised in the same chicken house, and each chicken was raised in a single cage, with free access to food and water.
[0070] The growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of native roosters were determined according to the method in Example 1.
[0071] Test results:
[0072] As shown in Table 2, compared with the basic diet group, the feed-to-weight ratio was reduced by 14.3% (p>0.05), the muscle pH 45 min value was reduced (p>0.05), and the muscle drip loss was significantly reduced (p<0.05). At the same time, the average daily weight gain increased by 16.8% (p>0.05), the average daily feed intake increased by 0.08% (p>0.05), the semi-eviscerated rate increased by 3.1% (p>0.05), and the fully eviscerated rate increased by 1.3% (p>0.05). The meat color L* value and a* value showed an improvement trend (p>0.05), and the meat color b* value showed no improvement trend (p>0.05). In the meat taste score, the aroma and umami taste showed an improvement trend (p>0.05), but the juiciness, tenderness and overall scores showed a downward trend (p>0.05). The growth performance of the diet with 20% fermented feed (unpelleted) was poor. These results show that adding 10% fermented complete feed to the diet has a tendency to improve the growth performance and carcass traits of native roosters, and has a tendency to improve the meat color and drip loss in meat quality indicators. Adding other levels of fermented complete feed failed to improve the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of native roosters at the same time. It can be seen that adding 10% fermented complete feed to the diet and pelleting has the best effect on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of native roosters.
[0073] Table 2 Effects of adding fermented complete feed to the diet on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of day-old native roosters
[0074]
[0075] Summarize:
[0076] It can be seen from the above examples that the appropriate addition ratio of fermented feed to the diet of native roosters is 10%, and it is feasible to use the traditional hot granulation process to process the complete feed containing fermented feed.
[0077] The above describes an embodiment of the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present embodiment, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms, all of which are within the protection of the present embodiment.
Claims
1. A process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed, characterized in that: The complete feed is added with 10% fermented feed, mixed and then hot granulated; The fermented feed is prepared by adding a fermentation agent to complete feed or incomplete feed, fermenting the feed for 5 days, and adding 10% corn flour and 1% premix.
2. The process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed and its application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The production process of complete feed containing fermented feed is as follows: take part of complete feed or incomplete feed, add 0.1% fermentation agent to the complete feed or incomplete feed, add water to the humidity of about 60%, put it into a fermentation bag and ferment it at 30℃ for 5 days; Then, corn flour is added to the fermented complete feed or incomplete feed according to the air-dried basis weight to reduce the moisture content to below 20%, and then the complete feed containing fermented feed is mixed with other remaining complete feed or incomplete feed ingredients and pelletized to obtain complete feed.
3. The process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed and its application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ingredients of the fermentation agent include saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, complex enzyme preparation and carrier.
4. The process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed and its application according to claim 3, characterized in that: The total amount of lactic acid bacteria and brewer's yeast in the starter is ≥10 billion cfu / g, and the moisture content is <9.0%.
5. The process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed and its application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula of complete feed is: 63% corn, 10% second flour, 5% bran, 11% soybean meal, 1% fish meal, 4% corn gluten meal, 2.5% yeast powder, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1% stone powder, 0.3% salt, and 1% premix.
6. The process for producing a complete feed containing fermented feed and its application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula of incomplete feed is: ryegrass, bran, corn meal, soybean meal, molasses, and cellulase.
7. An application of a complete feed containing fermented feed, characterized in that: Used in the later breeding of native roosters.