Puncture sampling instrument with blood vessel avoiding function

Abstract

The invention provides a puncture sampling instrument with a blood vessel avoiding function, and relates to the field of medical instruments. The puncture sampling instrument comprises a sampling mechanism, a needle sheath mechanism and a detection mechanism, the sampling mechanism and the detection mechanism are both slidably arranged in the needle sheath mechanism in a sleeved mode, the detection mechanism comprises a detection needle, a transparent needle head is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the detection needle, and an inner covered groove is formed in the position, close to the middle, in the transparent needle head. An outer covered groove is formed in the position, close to the outer portion of the inner covered groove, in the transparent needle head, and an infrared generator is fixedly arranged in the inner covered groove. Sample collection can be achieved through the puncture technology, the wound area is remarkably reduced, damage to blood vessels and other key tissue is effectively avoided in the puncture process, it is ensured that the puncture sampling process is not interfered, and therefore the stability and safety of operation are improved, and the operation efficiency is improved. And a patient can obtain better treatment experience and good compliance of secondary biopsy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of medical devices, in particular to a puncture sampling device with the function of avoiding blood vessels. Background Art

[0002] The core purpose of lung lesion biopsy sampling is to perform pathological analysis to clarify the nature and cause of lung lesions. For detected lung masses or tumors, biopsy can identify the type, grade and other key pathological features of the tumor, thereby providing key information for the formulation of treatment plans. For patients suspected of having lung infection, inflammation or nodules, biopsy can help confirm whether there are problems such as bacterial, fungal or viral infections. Specific inflammation and fibrosis conditions can also be determined by biopsy to determine the pathological type, which helps to clarify the diagnosis and formulate treatment plans. In addition, for patients who may need lung transplantation, biopsy helps to assess the severity and nature of lung lesions and helps to determine whether they are suitable for lung transplantation. In summary, lung lesion biopsy sampling is crucial for doctors and patients. It can help doctors accurately understand the nature of lung lesions and provide patients with key information to formulate appropriate treatment plans.

[0003] In the prior art, the lung lesion biopsy sampling process includes the use of electronic fiber bronchoscopes and general anesthesia thoracoscopic biopsy techniques. Electronic fiber bronchoscopes cannot perform biopsy of peripheral masses in both lungs of patients to determine the pathology; laparoscopic technology involves making a small incision in the chest and inserting a thoracoscope for observation and sampling. These methods enable doctors to obtain tissue samples and then perform pathological examinations to confirm the nature and cause of lung lesions. However, surgery during general anesthesia not only has the risk of anesthesia accidents, but also has the potential to damage blood vessels in the lungs, causing massive bleeding and even requiring thoracotomy for rescue; in addition, not all patients can undergo surgery. Therefore, these may not only cause unnecessary physical harm to patients, but also higher surgical costs, resulting in extremely low cost-effectiveness of biopsy sampling. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a puncture sampling instrument with the function of avoiding blood vessels, which solves the problem that laparoscopic operation through incision may cause a larger trauma area in the lungs, and may damage the blood vessels in the lungs and cause massive bleeding during the operation, which may not only cause unnecessary physical and psychological harm to the patient, but also increase the cost of surgery, resulting in extremely low cost-effectiveness of biopsy sampling.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a puncture sampling device with a blood vessel avoidance function, comprising a sampling mechanism, a needle sheath mechanism and a detection mechanism, wherein the sampling mechanism and the detection mechanism are both slidably sleeved inside the needle sheath mechanism;

[0008] The detection mechanism includes a detection needle, an outer limit ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the detection needle near the lower end, a transparent needle head is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the detection needle, an inner dark groove is arranged at the middle position inside the transparent needle head, an outer dark groove is arranged inside the transparent needle head near the outer position of the inner dark groove, an infrared generator is fixedly arranged inside the inner dark groove, a carrying plate is fixedly arranged inside the outer dark groove, and a plurality of infrared receivers are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the carrying plate.

[0009] Preferably, transparent sealing rings are fixedly provided at the lower end of the transparent needle near the inner and outer dark grooves.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting threaded sleeve is rotatably provided on the outer portion of the detection needle near the upper end.

[0011] Preferably, a signal line is fixedly provided at the upper end of the detection needle, and one end of the signal line is connected to the infrared receiver and the infrared generator.

[0012] Preferably, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling needle, a sampling handle is fixedly provided at the upper end of the sampling needle, and a sampling groove is provided at the lower end of the sampling needle.

[0013] Preferably, the needle sheath mechanism comprises a puncture needle sheath, a detection connection groove is provided at the upper end of the outer portion of the puncture needle sheath, and an inner limit ring is fixedly provided at the lower end of the inner portion of the puncture needle sheath.

[0014] Preferably, a puncture handle is fixedly provided on the upper end of the outer portion of the puncture needle sheath, and a cutting head is fixedly provided on the lower end of the puncture needle sheath.

[0015] Working principle: When using this instrument for sampling, first obtain the best puncture position through imaging methods, then assemble the detection mechanism into the inside of the needle sheath mechanism. During the assembly process, insert the detection needle into the inside of the puncture needle sheath until the outer limit ring reaches the upper end of the inner limit ring, then rotate the connecting threaded sleeve to connect it with the detection connection groove. At this time, the connection between the detection mechanism and the needle sheath mechanism is completed, and then connect the signal line to the detection device. At this time, the doctor can hold the puncture handle to perform puncture. During the puncture process, start the infrared generator and infrared receiver inside the transparent needle. When the transparent needle enters the patient's chest, the infrared generator continuously emits infrared rays. When the infrared rays come into contact with the internal tissue of the patient's chest, they will be reflected back and received by the infrared receiver. The signal is received by the receiver, and then the signals received by multiple infrared receivers are transmitted to the detection equipment through the signal line. The detection equipment can obtain the actual situation of the front end of the transparent needle after calculation, so that the doctor can control the direction of the needle sheath mechanism according to the obtained tissue information, so as to avoid blood vessels and other tissues as much as possible and puncture the patient's lesion. Then, the connecting threaded sleeve is rotated in the reverse direction to pull the detection mechanism out of the needle sheath mechanism. At this time, the doctor can hold the sampling handle and insert the sampling needle into the puncture needle sheath. When the front end of the sampling needle contacts the lesion, it will be inserted forward to a certain depth so that the lesion tissue will enter the sampling slot. At this time, the sampling mechanism is pulled out to the outside. During the pulling out process, the lesion tissue inside the sampling slot will be cut off by the cutting head, thereby completing the sampling work.

[0016] (III) Beneficial effects

[0017] The present invention provides a puncture sampling device with a blood vessel avoidance function. It has the following beneficial effects: when using the device for puncture, by activating the infrared transmitter and receiver in the transparent needle, when the transparent needle penetrates into the patient's chest, the transmitter continues to emit infrared rays. Once these infrared rays come into contact with the patient's chest tissue, they will be reflected and captured by the receiver. The signals collected by multiple receivers are transmitted to the detection device through wires, and the latter can display the situation of the front end of the needle in real time by analyzing these signals. The doctor controls the path of the needle sheath accordingly to avoid blood vessels and other tissues as much as possible until the lesion is punctured. Subsequently, the detection mechanism is separated from the needle sheath by reversely rotating the connected threaded sleeve. At this time, the doctor can hold the sampling handle and insert the sampling needle into the needle sheath. When the front end of the sampling needle touches the lesion, it is pushed forward to a certain depth so that the lesion tissue enters the sampling groove. Finally, in the process of pulling out the sampling mechanism, the diseased tissue in the sampling groove will be removed by the cutting head, thus completing the sampling process. Finally, the sample can be collected through puncture technology, which significantly reduces the trauma area and effectively avoids damage to blood vessels and other key tissues during the puncture process, ensuring that the puncture sampling process is not disturbed, thereby improving the stability of the operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the axial side of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic axial view of the sampling mechanism of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is an axial schematic diagram of the needle sheath mechanism of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the needle sheath mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the axial side of the detection mechanism of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a partial exploded schematic diagram of the detection mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Among them, 1. sampling mechanism; 2. needle sheath mechanism; 3. detection mechanism; 101. sampling handle; 102. sampling needle; 103. sampling slot; 201. detection connection slot; 202. puncture handle; 203. puncture needle sheath; 204. cutting head; 205. inner limit ring; 301. signal line; 302. connecting threaded sleeve; 303. detection needle; 304. outer limit ring; 305. transparent needle head; 306. transparent sealing ring; 307. inner dark groove; 308. outer dark groove; 309. infrared generator; 310. carrier plate; 311. infrared receiver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example:

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a puncture sampling device with a blood vessel avoidance function, comprising a sampling mechanism 1, a needle sheath mechanism 2 and a detection mechanism 3, wherein the sampling mechanism 1 and the detection mechanism 3 are both slidably sleeved inside the needle sheath mechanism 2;

[0028] Specifically, in the above-mentioned specific embodiment, the device can firstly puncture the patient's lesion location smoothly through the coordinated use of the needle sheath mechanism 2 and the detection mechanism 3, and then remove the detection mechanism 3 and insert the sampling mechanism 1 into the interior of the needle sheath mechanism 2 to achieve sampling, thereby reducing the size of the wound area and improving the stability of the biopsy sampling work.

[0029] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the detection mechanism 3 includes a detection needle 303, an outer limit ring 304 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the detection needle 303 near the lower end, a transparent needle head 305 is fixedly arranged on the lower end of the detection needle 303, an inner dark groove 307 is arranged at the middle position inside the transparent needle head 305, an outer dark groove 308 is arranged near the outer position of the inner dark groove 307 inside the transparent needle head 305, an infrared generator 309 is fixedly arranged inside the inner dark groove 307, a carrying plate 310 is fixedly arranged inside the outer dark groove 308, a plurality of infrared receivers 311 are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the carrying plate 310, transparent sealing rings 306 are fixedly arranged inside the lower end of the transparent needle head 305 near the inner dark groove 307 and the outer dark groove 308, a connecting threaded sleeve 302 is rotatably arranged on the outer side of the detection needle 303 near the upper end, a signal line 301 is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the detection needle 303, and one end of the signal line 301 is connected to the infrared receiver 311 and the infrared generator 309;

[0030] Specifically, in the above-mentioned specific embodiment, during the puncture operation, it is first necessary to start the infrared generator 309 and the infrared receiver 311 inside the transparent needle 305. When the transparent needle 305 gradually penetrates into the patient's chest, the infrared generator 309 will continuously emit infrared rays. After these infrared rays come into contact with the tissue inside the patient's chest, they will be reflected back and received by the infrared receiver 311. At this time, the signals received by multiple infrared receivers 311 will be transmitted to the detection device through the signal line 301. The detection equipment will perform detailed calculations and analyses on the received signals to obtain the real-time situation of the front end of the transparent needle 305. In this way, the doctor can accurately control the direction of the needle sheath mechanism 2 according to the acquired tissue information, so as to avoid blood vessels and other important tissues as much as possible, ensuring the safety and accuracy of the operation.

[0031] Specifically, a computing system is set in the detection equipment, and the specific system framework includes:

[0032] Infrared emitter: emits infrared light through a transparent needle to illuminate the patient's internal tissues.

[0033] Infrared receiver: Receives infrared signals after being reflected by tissue.

[0034] Signal transmission line: transmits the received infrared signal to the detection equipment.

[0035] Detection equipment: Calculates and analyzes the received signals to determine the position of the transparent needle in the patient's body and the condition of the surrounding tissue.

[0036] principle:

[0037] Infrared signal transmission and reception: Infrared transmission and reception are achieved through infrared transmitters and receivers, and tissue information is obtained by utilizing the tissue's reflection characteristics of infrared rays.

[0038] Signal processing and analysis: After the detection device receives the infrared signal transmitted through the signal line, it uses relevant algorithms to process and analyze the signal to calculate the position of the transparent needle and the surrounding tissue conditions.

[0039] Needle sheath mechanism control: According to the acquired tissue information, the direction of the needle sheath mechanism is adjusted to avoid blood vessels and other important tissues to ensure the safety and accuracy of the operation.

[0040] The specific algorithm is as follows: Reflection feature extraction:

[0041] The amplitude and frequency of the infrared signal may vary depending on the tissue type. The received infrared signal is processed and analyzed to extract its spectral characteristics to identify the different frequency components in the reflected signal.

[0042] Tissue Characterization:

[0043] Based on the known tissue reflection characteristics, a recognition model or feature library is established. These feature libraries can help doctors determine the type of tissue in front of the transparent needle, such as blood vessels and nerve tissue.

[0044] Position calculation:

[0045] Using the identified tissue features and the known three-dimensional anatomical structure information, the real-time position of the front end of the transparent needle in the patient's body and the distribution of surrounding tissues are calculated through triangulation. During the calculation process, the intensity of the reflected light can be expressed as I. The intensity of the reflected light can be calculated using the following formula:

[0046] I=P / 4πr2

[0047] Specifically, I is the intensity of light, P is the power of the incident light, and r is the distance reached by the reflected light. By measuring the intensity of the reflected light, the type and location of the tissue can be determined;

[0048] And because the detectable range is limited, depending on multiple factors, including the intensity of the infrared light, the reflection and attenuation characteristics of the tissue, these signals need to be further analyzed to display the situation at the front end of the needle in real time;

[0049] Specifically, the infrared transmitter sends out a signal, which is reflected when it encounters tissue and captured by the receiver. This process can be expressed by the following formula:

[0050] I received =I emitted ×Ref l ect i onCoeff ici ent×e-μd

[0051] Among them, I received is the received infrared light intensity, I emitted is the intensity of the emitted infrared light, Ref l ect ionCoeff ici ent is the reflection coefficient of the tissue, μ is the attenuation coefficient of the tissue, and d is the distance from the needle to the tissue;

[0052] Therefore, assuming that the initial intensity of the infrared emitter is I0, the reflection coefficient of the tissue is α, and the attenuation coefficient is μ. The maximum detectable depth d max It can be estimated by the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, I min It is the minimum infrared light intensity that the detection equipment can identify;

[0055] The following are data on tissue reflections that may be encountered during chest puncture:

[0056] For skin tissue, a simplified model established by a rectangular cone dielectric rod probe was used to analyze and calculate the reflection coefficients of normal skin and tumor tissue. In the frequency range of 103 GHz to 103.5 GHz, the reflection coefficient amplitude of tumor tissue is larger than that of normal tissue, with a difference of 1 dB. The amplitude of their reflection coefficients varies between -7 and -9.5, and the reflection coefficient of vascular tissue is usually between 0.95 and 0.98.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the sampling mechanism 1 includes a sampling needle 102, a sampling handle 101 is fixedly provided at the upper end of the sampling needle 102, and a sampling groove 103 is opened at the lower end of the sampling needle 102;

[0058] Specifically, in the above-mentioned specific embodiment, during the sampling operation, the doctor can hold the sampling handle 101 and then insert the sampling needle 102 into the interior of the puncture needle sheath 203. When the front end of the sampling needle 102 contacts the target lesion, the doctor needs to pierce forward to a certain depth to ensure that the lesion tissue can smoothly enter the interior of the sampling groove 103. Once the lesion tissue successfully enters the interior of the sampling groove 103, the doctor can slowly and steadily pull out the sampling mechanism 1. During the pulling out process, the lesion tissue inside the sampling groove 103 will be accurately cut off by the cutting head 204, thereby successfully completing the entire sampling work.

[0059] like Figure 3 and 4As shown, the needle sheath mechanism 2 includes a puncture needle sheath 203, a detection connection groove 201 is opened at the upper end of the outer side of the puncture needle sheath 203, an inner limit ring 205 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the inner side of the puncture needle sheath 203, a puncture handle 202 is fixedly sleeved at the upper end of the outer side of the puncture needle sheath 203, and a cutting head 204 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the puncture needle sheath 203.

[0060] Specifically, in the above-mentioned specific embodiment, a safe channel can be set up for the sampling mechanism 1 through the puncture needle sheath 203, so that the sampling mechanism 1 can enter the patient's body to perform sampling. In the process of puncturing by the puncture needle sheath 203, the puncture handle 202 facilitates gripping and improves stability. The cutting head 204 facilitates insertion and can cooperate with the sampling slot 103 to achieve cutting sampling.

[0061] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A puncture sampling device with a blood vessel avoidance function, comprising a sampling mechanism (1), a needle sheath mechanism (2) and a detection mechanism (3), characterized in that: The sampling mechanism (1) and the detection mechanism (3) are both slidably mounted inside the needle sheath mechanism (2); The detection mechanism (3) comprises a detection needle (303), an outer limit ring (304) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the detection needle (303) near the lower end, a transparent needle head (305) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the detection needle (303), an inner dark groove (307) is arranged at the middle position inside the transparent needle head (305), an outer dark groove (308) is arranged inside the transparent needle head (305) near the outer position of the inner dark groove (307), an infrared generator (309) is fixedly arranged inside the inner dark groove (307), a carrying plate (310) is fixedly arranged inside the outer dark groove (308), and a plurality of infrared receivers (311) are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the carrying plate (310).

2. A puncture sampling device with blood vessel avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transparent sealing ring (306) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the transparent needle (305) near the inner dark groove (307) and the outer dark groove (308).

3. The puncture sampling device with blood vessel avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting threaded sleeve (302) is rotatably arranged on the outer side of the detection needle (303) near the upper end.

4. The puncture sampling device with blood vessel avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A signal line (301) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the detection needle (303), and one end of the signal line (301) is connected to the infrared receiver (311) and the infrared generator (309).

5. The puncture sampling device with blood vessel avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling mechanism (1) comprises a sampling needle (102), a sampling handle (101) is fixedly provided at the upper end of the sampling needle (102), and a sampling groove (103) is provided at the lower end of the sampling needle (102).

6. The puncture sampling device with blood vessel avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The needle sheath mechanism (2) comprises a puncture needle sheath (203), the upper end of the outer portion of the puncture needle sheath (203) is provided with a detection connection groove (201), and the lower end of the inner portion of the puncture needle sheath (203) is fixedly provided with an inner limit ring (205).

7. The puncture sampling device with blood vessel avoidance function according to claim 6, characterized in that: A puncture handle (202) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the puncture needle sheath (203), and a cutting head (204) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the puncture needle sheath (203).

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