Device for absorbing carbon dioxide and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, and discloses a device for absorbing carbon dioxide and application thereof. The device is characterized by comprising a reaction absorption tower (4), a flue gas conveying pipeline (5), a circulating pipeline (8) and a micro-channel device (10), wherein a partition plate (9) is arranged in the reaction absorption tower (4), and the reaction absorption tower is divided into a reaction cavity (2) and a circulation cavity (15) by the partition plate; wherein a disperser (3) is arranged in the reaction absorption tower (4); wherein the microchannel device (10) is provided with a sudden expander (16). When the device is used for absorbing carbon dioxide, the effect of improving the carbon dioxide removal rate can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, and in particular to a device for absorbing carbon dioxide and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] As human beings’ demand for energy increases, a large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere, causing damage to the balance of the earth’s climate and ecosystem. 2 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing global warming have received more and more attention as strategic issues. In the future, fossil fuels will still be the main raw material for human energy acquisition, and the situation of carbon dioxide emission reduction is extremely severe.

[0003] The main ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions include improving energy efficiency, adjusting energy structure and carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). Among them, CCUS, as the most direct means to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, is not only most suitable for the terminal transformation of existing carbon dioxide emission devices, but also the main way to solve the carbon emissions of cement, steel, chemicals and other industries that are difficult to solve through new energy methods.

[0004] Currently CO 2 Separation technologies mainly include: absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, etc. At present, absorption is the most mature and widely used CO 2 Separation technology. Chemical absorption processes represented by ethanolamine (MEA) can recover high-purity CO 2 The operation of the amine solution absorption method is: the gas containing carbon dioxide is passed through the bottom of the absorption tower, the absorption liquid is added from the top, and a liquid film is formed on the surface of the filler in the absorption tower. The gas contacts the liquid film on the filler, and the carbon dioxide dissolves in the liquid film, thereby removing the carbon dioxide.

[0005] CN202211174120.4 discloses a micro-droplet enhanced carbon dioxide absorption device, comprising: a reactor and a micro-droplet atomization component; the micro-droplet atomization component comprises an atomizer and a controller, and the nozzle of the atomizer extends deep into the reactor; the reactor is connected to a catalyst delivery pipeline and a carbon dioxide delivery pipeline; a circulation pipeline is arranged on the outside of the reactor, the inlet of the circulation pipeline is connected to the bottom of the reactor, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the atomizer, and the liquid circulating in the circulation pipeline is dispersed and broken into micro-droplets by the atomizer and then enters the reactor.

[0006] CN202210560391.7 discloses a carbon dioxide enhanced reaction device and a reaction method, comprising a reaction absorption tower, a circulation pipeline is arranged on one side of the reaction absorption tower, and the inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline are both connected to the side wall of the reaction absorption tower; a liquid inlet and a gas inlet are arranged on the wall of the circulation pipeline, and a micro-interface unit is arranged in the circulation pipeline, which contains a gas to absorb CO 2 and / or with CO 2 The reacted liquid phase enters the circulation pipeline through the liquid inlet, containing CO 2 The gas enters the micro-interface unit from the gas inlet and is dispersed and broken into micro-bubbles at the micron level.

[0007] CN201310578461.2 discloses a method for enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by an ionic liquid emulsion liquid membrane, wherein a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion liquid membrane dispersion system containing an ionic liquid is prepared, the absorption rate of carbon dioxide by the absorbent is enhanced by dispersing oil droplets, and at the same time, the ionic liquid with high solubility in carbon dioxide in the oil film is used to accelerate the mass transfer of carbon dioxide in the liquid membrane and enter the inner water phase containing calcium hydroxide, thereby causing carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide to react to generate calcium carbonate. Subject to the limitation of the size of the inner water phase droplets, fine calcium carbonate particles are prepared under the condition that the inner water phase space is used as a soft template.

[0008] The advantage of the traditional packing method is that it can process a large amount of carbon dioxide, but it also has problems such as high energy consumption, small contact area between the liquid film on the packing surface and the gas, low absorption efficiency, and large amount of absorbent used.

[0009] Therefore, a device is needed to increase the contact area between phases, enhance heat and mass transfer, improve carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, and reduce energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of low raw material conversion rate, low reaction efficiency and low carbon dioxide removal rate in the prior art, and to provide a device for absorbing carbon dioxide and its application.

[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a device for absorbing carbon dioxide, characterized in that the device comprises: a reaction absorption tower 4, a flue gas delivery pipeline 5, a circulation pipeline 8 and a microchannel device 10;

[0012] The reaction absorption tower 4 is provided with a partition 9, which divides the reaction absorption tower into a reaction chamber 2 and a circulation chamber 15;

[0013] Wherein, a disperser 3 is provided in the reaction absorption tower 4;

[0014] The microchannel device 10 is provided with a sudden expander 16 .

[0015] The second aspect of the present invention provides a use of the device described in the first aspect of the present invention in absorbing carbon dioxide.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] (1) A microchannel device is provided in the device for absorbing carbon dioxide described in the present invention to break the gas into micron-sized bubbles. A sudden expander is installed at the outlet of the microchannel. Microbubbles generated when gas and liquid collide can be ejected from the outlet instantly without aggregation, thereby ensuring the dispersion effect and increasing the gas-liquid contact area.

[0018] (2) In the carbon dioxide absorption device of the present invention, a disperser is provided on the wall of the absorption tower, which can disperse the generated microbubbles into the liquid phase absorbent in a timely manner, thereby ensuring the dispersion effect and preventing the generated bubbles from directly impacting the absorption tower wall and causing the bubbles to coalesce. The microbubbles increase the mass transfer contact area between the gas and liquid phases by dozens of times, thereby improving the raw material conversion rate and reaction efficiency and strengthening the absorption of carbon dioxide.

[0019] (3) In the device for absorbing carbon dioxide described in the present invention, a partition is arranged in the reaction absorption tower to divide the absorption tower into a reaction chamber and a circulation chamber, thereby extending the reaction time, ensuring the full reaction of carbon dioxide in the flue gas, and improving the removal rate of carbon dioxide. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a method for enhancing the absorption of carbon dioxide in flue gas is provided for Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a microchannel device provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microchannel device provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0023] Description of Reference Numerals

[0024] 1-exhaust gas outlet; 2-reaction chamber; 3-disperser; 4-reaction absorption tower; 5-flue gas delivery pipeline; 6-exhaust port; 7-liquid sprayer; 8-circulation pipeline; 9-partition; 10-microchannel device; 11-liquid inlet; 12-heat exchanger; 13-liquid outlet; 14-circulation pump; 15-circulation chamber; 16-expander; 17-microchannel gas phase inlet; 18-microchannel liquid phase inlet; 19-gas phase interface connected to the microchannel; 20-filter; 21-liquid phase interface connected to the microchannel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0026] A first aspect of the present invention provides a device for absorbing carbon dioxide, wherein: Figure 1 As shown, the device comprises: a reaction absorption tower 4, a flue gas delivery pipeline 5, a circulation pipeline 8 and a microchannel device 10;

[0027] The reaction absorption tower 4 is provided with a partition 9, which divides the reaction absorption tower into a reaction chamber 2 and a circulation chamber 15;

[0028] Wherein, a disperser 3 is provided in the reaction absorption tower 4;

[0029] The microchannel device 10 is provided with a sudden expander 16 .

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the reaction absorption tower is connected to a flue gas delivery pipeline; a circulation pipeline is arranged outside the reaction absorption tower; the inlet of the circulation pipeline is connected to the bottom of the reaction absorption tower, and the outlet is connected to the microchannel device, the top of the reaction absorption tower and the lean and rich liquid inlet and outlet pipelines, the liquid containing absorbed carbon dioxide enters the circulation pipeline, the flue gas containing carbon dioxide is sheared into microbubbles in the microchannel device, released through the sudden expander, and then absorbed in the reaction absorption tower.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the material in the reaction chamber enters into the circulation chamber after the reaction, and the liquid in the circulation chamber enters into the circulation pipe.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the microchannel device 10 is arranged inside the reaction chamber 2 of the reaction absorption tower. The microchannel gas phase tube and the microchannel liquid phase tube arranged in the microchannel device are both variable in diameter, and the diameter becomes smaller at the gas phase inlet 17 and the liquid phase inlet 18, and the microchannel gas phase tube and the microchannel liquid phase tube are connected together, and then connected to the sudden expander 16; that is, the inner diameter of the channel of the microchannel gas phase tube and the microchannel liquid phase tube close to the sudden expander 16 is smaller (i.e., the gas phase inlet 17 and the liquid phase inlet 18), and the inner diameter of the channel of the end away from the sudden expander 16 is larger. This variable diameter mode can increase the flow rate of the gas flowing in the microchannel gas phase tube and the liquid flowing in the microchannel liquid phase tube at the gas phase inlet 17 and the liquid phase inlet 18 respectively, and then gather and flow out from the bubble outlet of the microchannel device 10 to the sudden expander 16, so that the collected gas and liquid generate more bubbles through the sudden expander 16 and enter the reaction chamber 2, so that the gas containing carbon dioxide is better dispersed in the reaction chamber, which is conducive to improving the absorption rate of carbon dioxide in the gas.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the flue gas conveying pipeline 5 is arranged to extend from the lower part of the reaction absorption tower 4 and communicate with the microchannel device 10.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the microchannel device 10 is disposed in the reaction chamber 2 to shear the flue gas containing carbon dioxide from the flue gas conveying pipeline 5 into microbubbles, which then enter the circulation pipeline 8 .

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the sudden expander 16 is disposed at the bubble outlet of the microchannel device 10;

[0036] Preferably, the opening angle of the sudden expander 16 is 120°-150°, so that the microbubbles generated when the gas and liquid collide can be ejected from the outlet instantly without aggregation, thereby ensuring the dispersion effect and increasing the gas-liquid contact area.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the disperser 3 is arranged on the tower wall of the reaction absorption tower 4 and is opposite to the bubble outlet of the microchannel device 10; the disperser can disperse the microbubbles into the liquid phase in a timely manner to prevent the generated bubbles from directly impacting the wall of the absorption tower and causing bubble aggregation.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the circulation pipe 8 is arranged on the outside of the reaction absorption tower 4, and is used to connect the circulation chamber 15 at the lower part of the reaction absorption tower 4, and connect the microchannel device 10 in the middle part of the reaction absorption tower 4, and extend to the top of the reaction chamber 2 at the upper part of the reaction absorption tower 4. At the same time, the circulation pipe 8 is also connected to the liquid phase inlet 11 of the microchannel device 10.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the circulation pipe 8 is provided with a liquid sprayer 7 located above the reaction chamber 2. By installing the liquid sprayer, it is beneficial to spray the liquid in the circulation pipe entering the absorption tower more evenly, and perform secondary absorption of the unabsorbed gas to enhance the absorption effect.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, a heat exchanger 12 and a circulation pump 14 are provided on the circulation pipeline 8; the heat exchanger 12 can timely remove the heat generated during the gas-liquid reaction and further reduce the liquid temperature; more preferably, the circulation pump 14 is arranged at the bottom of the input section of the circulation pipeline.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the microchannel device 10 further comprises a microchannel gas phase tube and a microchannel liquid phase tube which are arranged perpendicular to each other, wherein the gas phase interface 19 of the microchannel gas phase tube is connected to the flue gas delivery pipeline 5, the liquid phase interface 21 of the microchannel liquid phase tube is connected to the circulation pipeline 8, the gas phase inlet 17 of the microchannel gas phase tube intersects with the liquid phase inlet 18 of the microchannel liquid phase tube and is connected to the sudden expander 16; wherein the gas phase interface 19 of the microchannel gas phase tube is also provided with a filter 20; the gas in the gas pipeline is filtered by the gas filter 20 and then enters the microchannel device 10 to prevent impurities in the gas from clogging the channel. wherein the gas phase inlet 17 and the liquid phase inlet 18 are both provided relative to the circulation chamber 15 for entering gas or liquid.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the microchannel gas phase pipe is coaxially arranged with the sudden expander 16, such as Figure 2 As shown, two liquids shear the gas, bubbles are generated more frequently, bubble size is easy to control, and higher processing capacity is achieved; or, as Figure 3 As shown, the microchannel liquid phase tube is coaxially arranged with the sudden expander 16 .

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the liquid in the circulation pipeline 8 is an alkaline solution capable of absorbing carbon dioxide, for example, an absorption liquid for carbon dioxide capture, such as the MA solvent produced by Sinopec Nanjing Research Institute of Chemical Industry.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, a jacket, i.e., heat insulation cotton, is provided outside the reaction absorption tower 4 to prevent heat loss.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the reaction absorption tower 4 is provided with a tail gas outlet 1 at the top and an exhaust port 6 at the bottom.

[0046] The second aspect of the present invention provides a use of the device described in the first aspect of the present invention in absorbing carbon dioxide.

[0047] Combination Figure 1-Figure 3 The process of absorbing carbon dioxide on the device of the present invention is as follows:

[0048] (1) The gas containing carbon dioxide enters the microchannel device 10 through the flue gas conveying pipeline 5; the alkaline liquid (lean liquid) capable of absorbing carbon dioxide enters the circulation pipeline 8 through the liquid inlet 11, a part of which enters the microchannel device 10, and a part of which is sprayed down from the liquid sprayer 7 at the upper part of the absorption tower 4;

[0049] (2) The gas and liquid in the microchannel device 10 converge and enter and disperse in the reaction chamber 2 through the sudden expander 16 and the disperser 3, and the gas is absorbed by the lean liquid in the reaction chamber 2 to form a rich liquid;

[0050] (3) The rich liquid returns to the circulation pipeline 8 from the liquid outlet 13 through the circulation chamber 15 and then goes to the desorption tower.

[0051] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. In the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "connection", "connected", and "installation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to actual conditions.

[0052] In the present invention, the liquid that has not absorbed carbon dioxide is called lean liquid, and the liquid that has absorbed carbon dioxide is called rich liquid.

[0053] In the following examples, the carbon dioxide content in the gas was measured by a flue gas analyzer; the raw material MA solvent was a product produced by Sinopec Nanjing Chemical Research Institute.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] This embodiment provides a device for enhancing the absorption of carbon dioxide in flue gas, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a reaction absorption tower 4, the reaction absorption tower 4 is provided with a circulation pipeline 8, the inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline 8 are respectively connected with the lower part, the middle part and the upper part of the reaction absorption tower 4; the microchannel device 10 is connected with the liquid inlet 11 and the flue gas conveying pipeline 5; the lean liquid enters the circulation pipeline 8 through the liquid inlet 11, a part of it enters the microchannel device 10, and a part of it is sprayed down from the liquid sprayer 7 at the upper part of the absorption tower 4, and the rich liquid goes to the desorption tower through the liquid outlet 13.

[0056] Among them, in the microchannel device 10, the gas enters through the gas phase inlet 17 of the microchannel gas phase tube after being filtered by the gas filter 20, and the liquid enters through the liquid phase inlet 18 of the microchannel liquid phase tube in the microchannel device 10. At the bubble outlet of the microchannel device 10 (wherein, near the bubble outlet, the gas phase inlet 17 and the liquid phase inlet 18 are each smaller in diameter than the microchannel gas phase tube and the microchannel liquid phase tube, thereby increasing the flow rate of the contact between the gas and the liquid), the gas and the liquid contact each other, and the gas is dispersed into uniform microbubbles by relying on the shear force between the gas and liquid phases, and then enters the reaction chamber 2 through the sudden expander 16.

[0057] A vertical partition 9 is arranged in the reaction absorption tower 4, which divides the reaction absorption tower 4 into a reaction chamber 2 and a circulation chamber 15. The material in the reaction chamber 2 overflows from the upper part of the partition 9 into the circulation chamber 15. The inlet of the circulation pipeline 8 is connected to the circulation chamber 15, so that the material in the reaction chamber 2 can enter the circulation pipeline 8 through the circulation chamber 15.

[0058] Specifically, the gas is first absorbed in the reaction chamber 2. When the liquid in the reaction chamber 2 reaches a certain height, the liquid will overflow from the upper part of the partition into the circulation chamber 15. The liquid in the circulation chamber 15 then enters the circulation pipeline 8 for recycling. The purpose of recycling is to extend the reaction time, improve the utilization rate of the solvent, save the amount of solvent used, reduce energy consumption, and maximize the effect of the solvent.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, the structure of the microchannel device 10 is a "cross" shape, which is relatively more stable. The microchannel gas phase pipe is coaxially arranged with the sudden expander 16, and the two liquids shear the gas, so that the bubble generation frequency is higher, the bubble size is easy to control, and the processing capacity is higher. The microchannel device 10 used is installed in a vertical direction during installation, so that the liquid in the absorption tower 4 can avoid pressure on the bubble outlet, which is conducive to the timely ejection of bubbles.

[0060] In this embodiment, a sudden expander 16 is installed at the bubble outlet, so that the generated bubbles can be ejected instantly without aggregation, thereby ensuring the dispersion effect and improving the reaction efficiency. The outlet direction of the microchannel device 10 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the liquid in the circulation pipeline 8.

[0061] In this embodiment, a disperser 3 is installed at the position of the absorption tower 4 opposite to the bubble outlet. The disperser can disperse the bubbles coming out of the sudden expander 16 in time to prevent the bubbles from directly impacting the wall of the absorption tower 4, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced absorption efficiency caused by aggregation of bubbles when impacting the wall, increasing the gas-liquid mass transfer contact area and enhancing the absorption effect.

[0062] In this embodiment, the outlet of the circulation pipeline 8 is connected to the microchannel device 10 and the top of the absorption tower 4, and the top of the absorption tower 4 is connected to the liquid sprayer 7. The liquid is sprayed from top to bottom, which can reabsorb some of the unabsorbed gas and improve the absorption efficiency of the liquid.

[0063] In this embodiment, the liquid in the liquid pipeline is an alkaline liquid that can absorb carbon dioxide, specifically the MA solvent produced by Sinopec Nanjing Chemical Research Institute. Of course, other types of absorbents can also be used. The present invention does not make specific restrictions, as long as it can absorb carbon dioxide.

[0064] In this embodiment, a circulation pump 14 is installed on the circulation pipeline 8 , and a heat exchanger 12 is provided on the circulation pipeline 8 .

[0065] In order to prevent the microchannel device 10 from being blocked, a filter 20 is provided in the microchannel gas phase pipe, and the gas from the flue gas delivery pipeline 5 enters the gas phase inlet 17 after being filtered by the filter 20 .

[0066] In this embodiment, the top of the reaction absorption tower 4 is provided with an exhaust gas outlet 1, and the bottom is provided with an exhaust port 6.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the microchannel device in this embodiment adopts a "T" type structure. Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the gas channel and the liquid channel in the "T"-shaped structure of the microchannel device are perpendicular to each other, the microchannel liquid phase tube is coaxially arranged with the sudden expander 16, and the widths of the gas-liquid channels are variable.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] The only difference between this example and the first embodiment is that the sudden expander 16 is not provided in this example.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] The only difference between this example and Embodiment 1 is that the disperser 3 is not provided in this example.

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] The difference between this example and Example 2 is that the widths of the microchannel gas phase tube and the microchannel liquid phase tube are uniform and do not vary in diameter.

[0075] Carbon dioxide absorption effect test

[0076] The reaction systems of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used to absorb carbon dioxide in flue gas. 2 The content of CO at the tail gas outlet is 13.5wt%.2 The results are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Group Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 <![CDATA[CO 2 Content (wt%)]]> 0.51 0.65 1.23 1.39 1.09 Absorption rate (%) 96.21 95.18 90.92 89.68 91.86

[0079] It can be seen from the above table that the reaction system of the present invention can effectively reduce the content of carbon dioxide in flue gas, wherein the "cross"-shaped microchannel device 10 in Example 1 has the best absorption effect on carbon dioxide.

[0080] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the absorption effect of Example 1 is much better than that of Comparative Example 1. This is because in the reaction system of Example 1, a sudden expander 16 is provided at the bubble outlet of the microchannel gas, and the sudden expander 16 can instantly eject the bubbles generated by the microchannel without agglomeration at the gas outlet, and the gas can enter the liquid in the form of bubbles, which increases the gas-liquid interface contact area by dozens of times, and the reaction efficiency is higher.

[0081] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the carbon dioxide absorption effect of Example 1 is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 2, because Example 1 is equipped with a bubble disperser 3 at the position of the absorption tower opposite to the bubble outlet, and the disperser 3 can disperse the bubbles coming out of the sudden expander 16 in time to prevent the bubbles from directly impacting the wall of the absorption tower 4, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced absorption efficiency caused by aggregation when the bubbles impact the wall, increasing the gas-liquid mass transfer contact area, and enhancing the absorption effect.

[0082] Comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the carbon dioxide absorption rate of Example 2 is better than that of Comparative Example 3. In Comparative Example 3, the widths of the gas channel and the liquid channel are uniform without diameter change, and the number of bubbles generated is less than that of Example 2.

[0083] Compared with the reaction system in the prior art, the entire system structure of the enhanced carbon dioxide absorption method of the present invention is simple and can significantly improve the absorption rate of carbon dioxide.

[0084] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various technical features in any other suitable manner, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for absorbing carbon dioxide, characterized in that: The device comprises: a reaction absorption tower (4), a flue gas conveying pipeline (5), a circulation pipeline (8) and a microchannel device (10); Wherein, a partition (9) is arranged in the reaction absorption tower (4), and the partition divides the reaction absorption tower into a reaction chamber (2) and a circulation chamber (15); Wherein, a disperser (3) is arranged in the reaction absorption tower (4); Wherein, the microchannel device (10) is provided with a sudden expander (16).

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The flue gas delivery pipeline (5) is arranged to extend from the lower part of the reaction absorption tower (4) and is connected to the microchannel device (10).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The microchannel device (10) is arranged in the reaction chamber (2) and is used to shear the flue gas containing carbon dioxide from the flue gas conveying pipeline (5) into microbubbles, which then enter the circulation pipeline (8).

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The sudden expander (16) is arranged at the bubble outlet of the microchannel device (10); Preferably, the opening angle of the sudden expander (16) is 120°-150°.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The disperser (3) is arranged on the tower wall of the reaction absorption tower (4) and is opposite to the bubble outlet of the microchannel device (10).

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The circulation pipeline (8) is arranged on the outside of the reaction absorption tower (4), and is used to communicate with the circulation chamber (15) at the lower part of the reaction absorption tower (4), and to communicate with the microchannel device (10) at the middle part of the reaction absorption tower (4), and extends above the reaction chamber (2) at the upper part of the reaction absorption tower (4). At the same time, the circulation pipeline (8) is also connected to the liquid phase inlet (11) of the microchannel device (10); Preferably, the circulation pipeline (8) is provided with a liquid sprayer (7) located above the reaction chamber (2).

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The circulation pipeline (8) is provided with a heat exchanger (12) and a circulation pump (14).

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The microchannel device (10) further comprises a microchannel gas phase tube and a microchannel liquid phase tube which are arranged perpendicular to each other, wherein the gas phase interface (19) of the microchannel gas phase tube is in communication with the flue gas delivery pipeline (5), the liquid phase interface (21) of the microchannel liquid phase tube is in communication with the circulation pipeline (8), the gas phase inlet (17) of the microchannel gas phase tube intersects with the liquid phase inlet (18) of the microchannel liquid phase tube and is in communication with the sudden expander (16); wherein the gas phase interface (19) of the microchannel gas phase tube is also provided with a filter (20).

9. The device according to claim 8, wherein: The microchannel gas phase tube is coaxially arranged with the sudden expander (16), or the microchannel liquid phase tube is coaxially arranged with the sudden expander (16).

10. Use of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in absorbing carbon dioxide.

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