Device and method for removing EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) glue in photovoltaic panel by wet method

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for removing EVA glue in a photovoltaic panel through a wet method, the device comprises a glue removing mechanism, a fixing net and a material discharging mechanism, and the glue removing mechanism comprises a wet method unsealing container, a screen drum and a first rotation driving part; the fixing net is used for fixing the photovoltaic module after the rigid structure is removed; and the material discharging mechanism is used for discharging the material deposited at the lower part in the unsealing container. The device and the method for removing the EVA glue in the photovoltaic panel by the wet method have the beneficial effects that the photovoltaic module of which the rigid structure is removed is fixed through the fixing net, then is wound into a barrel shape and then is loaded into the screen barrel, so that the occupied volume of the photovoltaic module can be reduced, a large water tank does not need to be used for removing the glue in the photovoltaic module, and the production cost is reduced. The screen drum is driven to rotate through the first rotation driving part, so that the photovoltaic module in the screen drum rotates and dispergation is carried out, and the purposes of efficient dispergation, improvement of the utilization rate of a dispergation agent, complete recovery of a backboard material, elimination of potential safety hazards and the like are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, and in particular to a device and method for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels. Background Art

[0002] my country ranks first in the world in photovoltaic installed capacity, and it is estimated that the scrap volume of photovoltaic laminates will reach 8 million tons / year in 2035. Photovoltaic modules contain waste glass (76.5%), silicon wafers (12.2%), PET (8.9%) and a small amount of metals. Their recycling is an important supplement to photovoltaic production raw materials. The recycling of retired photovoltaic laminates is the key to the closed-loop development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0003] The current wet recycling of waste photovoltaic glass has the disadvantage of slow kinetics. This is because the surface of the photovoltaic module that can be exposed to the solvent system is only a gap less than 2 mm wide, resulting in slow swelling kinetics. The decapsulation process usually takes more than 80 hours, which is inefficient.

[0004] In order to achieve the purpose of efficient unsealing, the contact surface between the solvent and the EVA glue of the laminate is increased to accelerate the dynamic process. Direct crushing, low-temperature unsealing, cutting, punching and other methods are usually used. However, the process has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and difficulty in completely separating the crushed materials.

[0005] The above problems can be solved after removing the rigid structure of waste photovoltaic modules. However, the currently commonly used wet reactor cannot accommodate a whole photovoltaic module, and cannot fully recycle the backplane material and increase the utilization efficiency of the debonding solution.

[0006] The reactor that can accommodate the entire component is usually in the form of a reaction tank (pool), which has a huge structure, is difficult to control the operating conditions, has a small adjustable capacity, is difficult to replace the degumming solution, and the flammable degumming agent in the large-capacity pool poses a huge safety hazard. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a device and method for wet-process debonding of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, so as to achieve the purposes of efficient debonding, improving the utilization rate of debonding agent, completely recovering backboard materials, and eliminating safety hazards.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a device and method for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, comprising: The degumming mechanism comprises a wet degumming container, a sieve drum and a first rotating driving member, wherein the wet degumming container is used to contain a degumming solution, the sieve drum is rotatably disposed in the wet degumming container, and the first rotating driving member is connected to the sieve drum and is used to drive the sieve drum to rotate; A fixed net, the fixed net is used to fix the photovoltaic assembly after the rigid structure is removed, and the fixed net is wound and inserted into the sieve drum; and A material discharge mechanism, wherein the inlet of the material discharge mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the unsealing container and is used to discharge the material precipitated at the lower part of the unsealing container.

[0009] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic assembly after the rigid structure is removed is fixedly connected to the fixing net via a plurality of fixing buckles.

[0010] In some embodiments, a plurality of sieve holes are evenly arranged on the sieve cylinder, and the glue removal mechanism includes a plurality of large bearings, the inner ring of each of the large bearings is fixedly mounted on the sieve cylinder, and the outer ring of each of the large bearings is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the wet desealing container.

[0011] In some embodiments, a central protrusion is formed on the inner bottom surface of the wet desealing container, and the glue removal mechanism also includes a bottom bearing, the inner ring of the bottom bearing is fixedly connected to the screen cylinder, and the outer ring of the bottom bearing is fixedly connected to the central protrusion.

[0012] In some embodiments, a clearance groove is provided on the outer wall of the wet desealing container, the first rotating driving member includes a ring gear, a first rotating driving motor and a gear, the ring gear is fixedly mounted on the sieve cylinder, the housing of the first rotating driving motor is fixed to the outer wall of the wet desealing container, the output shaft of the first rotating driving motor is fixedly connected to the gear, and the gear meshes with the ring gear after passing through the clearance groove.

[0013] In some embodiments, the wet desealing container is tilted; the material discharge mechanism includes a conveying cylinder, a central axis, a screw and a second rotating drive member, the conveying cylinder is tilted and fixed in the wet desealing container, a feed port is provided at the lower end of the conveying cylinder, a discharge port is provided at the upper end of the conveying cylinder, the central axis is rotatably arranged at the center of the conveying cylinder, the screw is arranged in the conveying cylinder and fixed to the central axis, and the second rotating drive member is connected to the central axis and is used to drive the central axis to rotate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the second rotary drive member is a second rotary drive motor, a housing of the second rotary drive motor is fixed to the wet desealing container, and an output shaft of the second rotary drive motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the central axis.

[0015] In some embodiments, the glue removal mechanism also includes a bracket, which includes a base and two groups of support columns, the lower ends of the two groups of support columns are fixed to the base, the upper ends of the two groups of support columns are respectively fixed to the two ends of the wet desealing container, and the lengths of the two groups of support columns are not equal.

[0016] In some embodiments, a drain port is provided at the lower end of the wet desealing container, and a drain valve is provided on the drain port.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for wet-processing the removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, which is applicable to the device for wet-processing the removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, and comprises the following steps: S1, fixing the photovoltaic assembly after removing the rigid structure on the fixed net, then winding the fixed net into a cylindrical shape, and then placing the wound fixed net into a sieve drum in a wet desealing container; S2, driving the screen drum to rotate through the first rotating driving member, so that the photovoltaic components in the screen drum rotate and debond, and as the debonding reaction occurs, the separated metal, glass, and silicon materials leave the screen drum and enter the wet debonding container, settle to the lower part of the wet debonding container, and then are taken out through the material discharge mechanism to enter the subsequent metal, glass, and silicon material recovery process; S3, after the degumming is completed, the fixed net is taken out from the sieve drum, the fixed net is unfolded, and then the swollen back sheet material of the photovoltaic module is taken out from the fixed net, and the swollen back sheet material of the photovoltaic module enters the subsequent PET recycling process; S4. Filter the debonding solution in the wet decapsulation container and obtain a powder material after drying. The powder material enters the subsequent metal, glass, silicon, and PVF material recovery process.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the device and method for wet-process debonding of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the photovoltaic components after the rigid structure is removed are fixed by a fixed net, then wound into a cylinder, and then loaded into a sieve drum, so that the volume occupied by the photovoltaic components can be reduced, thereby eliminating the need to use a large water tank to debond the photovoltaic components. The sieve drum is driven to rotate by the first rotating drive member to rotate the photovoltaic components in the sieve drum and debond, thereby achieving the purposes of efficient debonding, improving the utilization rate of the debonding agent, completely recovering the backboard material, and eliminating safety hazards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in a photovoltaic panel provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle area A; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle area B; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle area C; Figure 5 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of a process of a method for wet-processing EVA glue removal in a photovoltaic panel provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1-glue removal mechanism, 11-wet unsealing container, 111-center protrusion, 112-drain port, 113-drain valve, 12-sieve cylinder, 13-first rotating drive member, 131-gear ring, 132-first rotating drive motor, 133-gear, 14-large bearing, 15-bottom bearing, 16-bracket, 161-base, 162-support column, 2-fixed net, 21-fixed buckle, 3-material discharge mechanism, 31-conveyor cylinder, 311-feed port, 312-discharge port, 32-center axis, 33-spiral, 34-second rotating drive member, 4-photovoltaic module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels in one embodiment of the present invention. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels includes a glue removal mechanism 1, a fixing net 2 and a material discharge mechanism 3.

[0022] The debonding mechanism 1 comprises a wet debonding container 11, a sieve drum 12 and a first rotating driving member 13. The wet debonding container 11 is used to contain a debonding solution. The sieve drum 12 is rotatably disposed in the wet debonding container 11. The first rotating driving member 13 is connected to the sieve drum 12 and is used to drive the sieve drum 12 to rotate. The fixed net 2 is used to fix the photovoltaic module 4 after the rigid structure is removed. The fixed net 2 is rolled and plugged into the sieve drum 12. The apertures of the sieve holes of the fixed net 2 and the sieve drum 12 are not greater than 100 mm.

[0023] The inlet of the material discharge mechanism 3 is arranged at the lower part of the unsealing container 11 and is used to discharge the material precipitated at the lower part of the unsealing container 11 .

[0024] When in use, first, the photovoltaic assembly 4 after the rigid structure is removed is fixed on the fixed net 2, and then the fixed net 2 is wound into a cylindrical shape, and then the wound fixed net 2 is loaded into the sieve drum 12 in the wet decapsulation container 11; then the sieve drum 12 is driven to rotate by the first rotating drive member 13, so that the photovoltaic assembly 4 in the sieve drum 12 rotates and debonds, and as the debonding reaction occurs, the separated metal, glass, and silicon materials with a size less than 100 mm leave the sieve drum and enter the wet decapsulation container 11, settle to the lower part of the wet decapsulation container 11, and then are taken out by the material discharge mechanism 3 to enter the subsequent metal, glass, and silicon material recovery process; after the debonding is completed, the fixed net 2 is taken out from the sieve drum, the fixed net 2 is unfolded, and then the backboard material of the swollen photovoltaic assembly 4 is taken off from the fixed net 2, and the backboard material of the swollen photovoltaic assembly 4 enters the subsequent PET recovery process; finally, the debonding solution in the wet decapsulation container 11 is filtered, and a powder material is obtained after drying, and the powder material enters the subsequent metal, glass, silicon, and PVF material recovery process.

[0025] The beneficial effect of the technical solution provided by the present invention is: the photovoltaic component 4 after the rigid structure is removed is fixed by the fixed net 2, then wound into a cylindrical shape, and then loaded into the sieve drum 12, so that the occupied volume of the photovoltaic component 4 can be reduced, so that there is no need to use a large water tank to remove the glue from the photovoltaic component 4, and the sieve drum 12 is driven to rotate by the first rotating drive member 13 to rotate the photovoltaic component 4 in the sieve drum 12 and debond, so as to achieve the purposes of efficient debonding, improving the utilization rate of the debonding agent, completely recovering the backboard material, and eliminating safety hazards.

[0026] In one embodiment, see Figure 5 After the rigid structure is removed, the photovoltaic assembly 4 is fixedly connected to the fixing net 2 via a plurality of fixing buckles 21 .

[0027] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 4 A plurality of sieve holes are evenly arranged on the sieve drum 12, and the degumming mechanism 1 comprises a plurality of large bearings 14. The inner ring of each of the large bearings 14 is fixedly sleeved on the sieve drum 12, and the outer ring of each of the large bearings 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the wet desealing container 11, so that the sieve drum 12 can be rotatably arranged in the wet desealing container 11.

[0028] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 4 The inner bottom surface of the wet desealing container 11 is formed with a central protrusion 111, and the degumming mechanism 1 also includes a bottom bearing 15, the inner ring of the bottom bearing 15 is fixedly connected to the sieve drum 12, and the outer ring of the bottom bearing 15 is fixedly connected to the central protrusion 111. By providing the bottom bearing 15, the stability of the rotation process of the sieve drum 12 can be further improved.

[0029] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 A clearance groove is provided on the outer wall of the wet desealing container 11, and the first rotation driving member 13 includes a ring gear 131, a first rotation driving motor 132 and a gear 133. The ring gear 131 is fixedly sleeved on the sieve drum 12, and the housing of the first rotation driving motor 132 is fixed to the outer wall of the wet desealing container 11. The output shaft of the first rotation driving motor 132 is fixedly connected to the gear 133, and the gear 133 meshes with the ring gear 131 after passing through the clearance groove. When in use, the first rotation driving motor 132 drives the gear 133 to rotate, the gear 133 drives the ring gear 131 to rotate, and the ring gear 131 drives the sieve drum 12 to rotate.

[0030] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the wet desealing container 11 is tilted. In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the wet desealing container 11 is 10°~15°; the material discharge mechanism 3 includes a conveying cylinder 31, a central axis 32, a screw 33 and a second rotating driving member 34. The conveying cylinder 31 is tilted and fixed in the wet desealing container 11. A feed port 311 is provided at the lower end of the conveying cylinder 31, and a discharge port 312 is provided at the upper end of the conveying cylinder 31. The central axis 32 is rotatably arranged at the center of the conveying cylinder 31. The screw 33 is arranged in the conveying cylinder 31 and fixed to the central axis 32. The second rotating driving member 34 The driving member 34 is connected to the central shaft 32 and is used to drive the central shaft 32 to rotate. When in use, the first rotating driving member 13 drives the screen drum 12 to rotate so that the photovoltaic components 4 in the screen drum 12 rotate and perform debonding. As the debonding reaction occurs, the separated metal, glass, and silicon materials leave the screen drum and enter the wet debonding container 11, settle to the lower part of the wet debonding container 11, and enter the lower end of the conveying drum 31 through the feed port 311. The second rotating driving member 34 drives the central shaft 32 and the spiral 33 to rotate, thereby driving the material to rise along the conveying drum 31 and finally be discharged from the discharge port 312.

[0031] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The second rotary drive member 34 is a second rotary drive motor, a housing of the second rotary drive motor is fixed to the wet desealing container 11 , and an output shaft of the second rotary drive motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the central axis 32 .

[0032] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3The degumming mechanism 1 also includes a bracket 16, which includes a base 161 and two groups of support columns 162. The lower ends of the two groups of support columns 162 are fixed to the base 161, and the upper ends of the two groups of support columns 162 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the wet desealing container 11, and the lengths of the two groups of support columns 162 are not equal.

[0033] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 A drain port 112 is provided at the lower end of the wet desealing container 11, and a drain valve 113 is provided on the drain port 112. After the swelling is completed, the drain valve 113 is opened, and the drain port 112 is connected to the inlet of the filter to filter the solution in the wet desealing container 11. The filtered substance is dried to obtain a powder material, and the powder material enters the subsequent metal, glass, silicon, and PVF material recovery process.

[0034] Preferably, the materials of the parts in contact with the solution, such as the fixed net 2, the fixed buckle 21, the sieve cylinder 12, the wet desealing container 11, the conveying cylinder 31, the spiral 33, etc., are all 304 stainless steel.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for wet-processing the removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, which is applicable to the device for wet-processing the removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, and comprises the following steps: S1, fixing the photovoltaic assembly 4 after removing the rigid structure on the fixing net 2 (such as Figure 5 Then, the fixed net 2 is rolled into a cylindrical shape, and then the rolled fixed net 2 is loaded into the sieve cylinder 12 in the wet desealing container 11 (such as Figure 5 (b in Figure 1); S2, then the sieve drum 12 is driven to rotate by the first rotating driving member 13, so that the photovoltaic module 4 in the sieve drum 12 rotates and performs debonding. As the debonding reaction occurs, the separated metal, glass, and silicon materials leave the sieve drum and enter the wet debonding container 11, settle to the lower part of the wet debonding container 11, and are then taken out by the material discharging mechanism 3 to enter the subsequent metal, glass, and silicon material recovery process; S3, after the degumming is completed, the fixed net 2 is taken out from the sieve cylinder, the fixed net 2 is unfolded, and then the swollen backboard material of the photovoltaic module 4 is taken out from the fixed net 2, and the swollen backboard material of the photovoltaic module 4 enters the subsequent PET recycling process; S4, open the drain valve 113, connect the drain port 112 with the inlet of the filter, filter the solution in the wet desealing container 11, and dry the filtered substance to obtain a powder material, which enters the subsequent metal, glass, silicon, and PVF material recovery process.

[0036] The beneficial effect of the technical solution provided by the present invention is: the photovoltaic component 4 after the rigid structure is removed is fixed by the fixed net 2, then wound into a cylindrical shape, and then loaded into the sieve drum 12, so that the occupied volume of the photovoltaic component 4 can be reduced, so that there is no need to use a large water tank to remove the glue from the photovoltaic component 4, and the sieve drum 12 is driven to rotate by the first rotating drive member 13 to rotate the photovoltaic component 4 in the sieve drum 12 and debond, so as to achieve the purposes of efficient debonding, improving the utilization rate of the debonding agent, completely recovering the backboard material, and eliminating safety hazards.

[0037] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: include: The degumming mechanism comprises a wet degumming container, a sieve drum and a first rotating driving member, wherein the wet degumming container is used to contain a degumming solution, the sieve drum is rotatably disposed in the wet degumming container, and the first rotating driving member is connected to the sieve drum and is used to drive the sieve drum to rotate; A fixed net, the fixed net is used to fix the photovoltaic assembly after the rigid structure is removed, and the fixed net is wound and inserted into the sieve drum; and A material discharge mechanism, wherein the inlet of the material discharge mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the unsealing container and is used to discharge the material precipitated at the lower part of the unsealing container.

2. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic assembly after the rigid structure is removed is fixedly connected to the fixing net via a plurality of fixing buckles.

3. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sieve drum is evenly provided with a plurality of sieve holes, the degumming mechanism comprises a plurality of large bearings, the inner ring of each of the large bearings is fixedly sleeved on the sieve drum, and the outer ring of each of the large bearings is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the wet desealing container.

4. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner bottom surface of the wet desealing container is formed with a central protrusion, and the degumming mechanism further comprises a bottom bearing, the inner ring of the bottom bearing is fixedly connected to the screen drum, and the outer ring of the bottom bearing is fixedly connected to the central protrusion.

5. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clearance groove is provided on the outer wall of the wet desealing container, the first rotating driving member includes a gear ring, a first rotating driving motor and a gear, the gear ring is fixedly sleeved on the sieve drum, the housing of the first rotating driving motor is fixed to the outer wall of the wet desealing container, the output shaft of the first rotating driving motor is fixedly connected to the gear, and the gear meshes with the gear ring after passing through the clearance groove.

6. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wet desealing container is tilted; The material discharge mechanism includes a conveying cylinder, a central axis, a screw and a second rotating driving member. The conveying cylinder is tilted and fixed in the wet desealing container. A feed port is provided at the lower end of the conveying cylinder, and a discharge port is provided at the upper end of the conveying cylinder. The central axis is rotatably arranged at the center of the conveying cylinder. The screw is arranged in the conveying cylinder and fixed to the central axis. The second rotating driving member is connected to the central axis and is used to drive the central axis to rotate.

7. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second rotation driving member is a second rotation driving motor, a housing of the second rotation driving motor is fixed to the wet desealing container, and an output shaft of the second rotation driving motor is coaxially and fixedly connected to the central axis.

8. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The degumming mechanism also includes a bracket, which includes a base and two groups of support columns. The lower ends of the two groups of support columns are fixed to the base, and the upper ends of the two groups of support columns are respectively fixed to the two ends of the wet desealing container, and the lengths of the two groups of support columns are unequal.

9. The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid discharge port is provided at the lower end of the wet desealing container, and a liquid discharge valve is provided on the liquid discharge port.

10. A method for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: The device for wet-process removal of EVA glue in photovoltaic panels as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1, fixing the photovoltaic assembly after removing the rigid structure on the fixing net, then winding the fixing net into a cylindrical shape, and then placing the wound fixing net into a sieve drum in a wet desealing container; S2, driving the screen drum to rotate through the first rotating driving member, so that the photovoltaic components in the screen drum rotate and debond, and as the debonding reaction occurs, the separated metal, glass, and silicon materials leave the screen drum and enter the wet debonding container, settle to the lower part of the wet debonding container, and then are taken out through the material discharge mechanism to enter the subsequent metal, glass, and silicon material recovery process; S3, after the degumming is completed, the fixed net is taken out from the sieve drum, the fixed net is unfolded, and then the swollen back sheet material of the photovoltaic module is taken out from the fixed net, and the swollen back sheet material of the photovoltaic module enters the subsequent PET recycling process; S4. Filter the debonding solution in the wet decapsulation container and obtain a powder material after drying. The powder material enters the subsequent metal, glass, silicon, and PVF material recovery process.

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