Composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head and a using method thereof.The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head comprises at least two laser cladding heads, every two adjacent laser cladding heads are connected through a rotating structure, the rear laser cladding head can swing around the front laser cladding head through the rotating structure, and in the using state, the rear laser cladding head can swing around the front laser cladding head through the rotating structure. Therefore, the path of the rear laser beam is consistent with the path of the front laser beam. The adjacent laser cladding heads are connected through the rotating structure, one laser cladding head can swing around the other adjacent laser cladding head through the rotating structure, and therefore it is guaranteed that the walking tracks of the front laser cladding head and the rear laser cladding head can be consistent, and laser cladding multi-layer composite coating preparation is efficiently conducted with high quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular to a composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding technology is increasingly used in the field of surface wear and corrosion resistance because of its low dilution rate of the coating it produces and its high metallurgical bonding strength. In addition, the laser has a very wide controllable temperature range and can clad a wide variety of materials, such as various metals, alloys, ceramics, etc.

[0003] With the continuous development of society, composite multi-layer coatings with multiple functions have received more and more attention, and their application prospects and market potential are very considerable. For example, special coatings TiC / Al2O3, TiCN-TiN, Al2O3-TiN used in cutting tools, special coatings CrYN / TiBN used in marine engineering equipment, special coatings WN / Si, WC, AlMoCrFeNi used in valve bodies, etc. Double-layer or multi-layer composite coatings can absorb the strengths of each layer of coating, make up for the shortcomings of each layer of coating, and make the coating as a whole have multiple characteristics and functions.

[0004] According to the characteristics of laser cladding technology, laser cladding technology can be used to prepare high-performance coatings of more types of materials with high bonding strength in a green and efficient manner. Compared with traditional technologies such as electroplating, spray welding, thermal spraying, etc., it is more suitable for preparing high-performance multi-layer composite coatings. At present, most of the composite coatings prepared by laser cladding technology use multiple sets of laser cladding equipment and multiple robots for construction, or a set of laser cladding equipment is replaced with powder multiple times for construction. The former construction method requires large investment, multiple and complex equipment, high cost, and it is very easy for equipment to interfere with each other. The latter construction method is inefficient, the interval time between the previous layer of coating and the next layer of coating is long, and the coating is in contact with the air for too long and cannot be well protected. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple, stable and efficient laser cladding device that meets the preparation process of multi-layer composite coatings.

[0005] In the prior art, Chinese patent document CN115740805A, published (announcement) date: 2023.03.07, discloses a new gantry dual-robotic arm laser cladding equipment, which realizes dual laser cladding processing by providing a bidirectional symmetrical laser processing device under the gantry beam. However, the structure is complex and requires two sets of robotic arms. Although it can improve efficiency, the equipment cost is high, and the two sets of robotic arms need to be independently controlled, which makes the control more complicated.

[0006] In addition, in the Chinese patent document CN114214619A, the publication (announcement) date: 2022.03.22, a 10,000-watt ultra-high-speed cladding equipment and its cladding method are disclosed, the cladding equipment includes two identical first cladding heads, second cladding heads, nozzles, lasers, and six-axis manipulators; the first cladding head and the second cladding head are each provided with a nozzle below, and the first cladding head and the second cladding head are respectively connected to the same laser through an optical gate switch above, and the laser allocates the same light power to the first cladding head and the second cladding head; the first cladding head and the second cladding head are both connected to a six-axis manipulator. Its characteristics are: since the track spacing of the 10,000-watt ultra-high-speed cladding equipment is twice that of the single laser head, the translation speed is also twice, and the efficiency is doubled compared to the single laser head cladding; its disadvantages are: since there is no adjustment relationship between the two cladding heads, and there is a distance between the laser beams of the two cladding heads, during the laser cladding process, the trajectory between the two cladding heads cannot be guaranteed to be consistent in real time. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the current technical problems, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head and a method of using the same. Adjacent laser cladding heads are connected by a rotating structure, and one of the laser cladding heads can swing around another adjacent laser cladding head through the rotating structure, thereby ensuring that the walking trajectories of the front and rear cladding heads are consistent.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head, comprising at least two laser cladding heads, adjacent to each other through a rotating structure, the rear laser cladding head can swing around the front laser cladding head through the rotating structure, so that the path of the rear laser beam is consistent with that of the front laser beam when in use.

[0009] The rotating structure includes a connector 1 and a connector 2 respectively arranged on two adjacent laser cladding heads, a first motor and a rotating shaft are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the connector 1, the output shaft of the first motor moves through the upper end of the connector 1 and is fixedly connected to the connector 2, the rotating shaft moves through the lower end of the connector 1 and is fixedly connected to the connector 2, and when the output shaft of the first motor rotates, the laser cladding head connected to the connector 2 is driven to swing.

[0010] The output shaft of the first motor passes through the through hole at the upper end of connector one and is connected to the bearing in the through hole; the rotating shaft passes through the through hole at the lower end of the connector, is connected to the bearing in the through hole, and is threadedly fixed to connector two.

[0011] A spacing adjustment device is also installed between the laser cladding heads, and the spacing adjustment device is used to adjust the spacing between two adjacent laser cladding heads.

[0012] The spacing adjustment device includes multiple sliding structures, which include a first slide plate and a second slide plate. The first slide plate and the second slide plate are L-shaped structures respectively. One ends of the first slide plate and the second slide plate are connected by mutually buckled sliding guides, and the other ends of the first slide plate and the second slide plate are respectively fixedly connected to two adjacent laser cladding heads. A boss is installed on the first slide plate, a second motor is installed on the second slide plate, and a threaded transmission rod is installed on the output shaft of the second motor, and the threaded transmission rod is threadedly connected to the boss.

[0013] The laser cladding head comprises a first cladding head body, a laser channel is axially arranged in the middle of the first cladding head body, a first powder feeding channel is arranged on the outside of the laser channel, and a first focusing mirror is installed in the laser channel; the laser channel comprises an upper cylindrical section and a lower conical section.

[0014] A first protective gas channel is provided on the first cladding head body in the radial direction below the first focusing mirror, and the first protective gas channel is connected from the outside of the first cladding head body to the inside of the laser channel.

[0015] The first focusing lens is installed in a first focusing lens sleeve, which is slidably installed in the cylindrical section of the laser channel. The first focusing lens sleeve is connected to the first cladding head body through an adjustment structure, and the upper and lower positions of the first focusing lens sleeve are adjusted through the adjustment structure.

[0016] The adjustment structure includes a rack structure axially arranged outside the upper end of the first focusing lens sleeve and a third motor installed on the upper end of the first cladding head body. A gear is installed on the output shaft of the third motor, and the gear is meshed with the rack structure for transmission.

[0017] The method for using the composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head comprises adjusting the path of the rear laser cladding head, and / or adjusting the cooling time of the front cladding layer, and / or adjusting the defocus amount; Among them, the method for adjusting the path of the laser cladding head is as follows: During the movement process, according to the movement trajectory of the front laser cladding head, the angle of the rear laser cladding head is adjusted in real time through the rotating structure, and the movement trajectory of the rear laser cladding head is changed to ensure that the movement trajectory of the rear laser cladding head is consistent with the movement trajectory of the front laser cladding head; The method for adjusting the cooling time of the previous cladding layer is: Determine the cooling time of the front cladding layer when the rear cladding layer begins to be prepared, then calculate the distance between the front laser beam and the rear laser beam according to the moving speed of the laser cladding head, and then adjust the distance between adjacent laser cladding heads by the distance adjustment device; The method of adjusting the defocus amount is: According to the material properties of the cladding material and the substrate, the height position of the first focusing lens sleeve is adjusted by adjusting the structure, thereby adjusting the height position of the first focusing lens, so that there is a height difference between the focus of the front laser beam and the focus of the rear laser beam. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, adjacent laser cladding heads are connected by a rotating structure, and one of the laser cladding heads can swing around another adjacent laser cladding head through the rotating structure, thereby ensuring that the walking trajectories of the front and rear cladding heads are consistent, and laser cladding multi-layer composite coatings can be prepared efficiently and with high quality.

[0018] 2. In the present invention, a spacing adjustment device is installed between adjacent laser cladding heads, and the spacing adjustment device is used to adjust the spacing between two adjacent laser cladding heads, so as to meet the cooling time of the cladding layers of adjacent laser cladding heads.

[0019] 3. The first protective gas channel of the present invention is mainly used to transmit inert protective gas to the laser channel. The first protective gas channel has two functions: one is to make the laser channel have a positive pressure to prevent the cladding smoke from entering the laser channel and interacting with the laser beam to change the properties of the laser beam, thereby affecting the effect of laser cladding; the other is to diffuse the inert protective gas around the laser molten pool to prevent the high-temperature material in the molten pool from reacting with the air and affecting the quality of the cladding layer.

[0020] 4. The first focusing lens of the present invention is installed in the first focusing lens sleeve, which is connected to the first cladding head body through an adjustment structure. The upper and lower positions of the first focusing lens sleeve are adjusted by adjusting the structure, thereby adjusting the defocus amount of each laser cladding head. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the spacing adjustment device of the present invention.

[0024] Reference numerals: First cladding head body 1, first powder feeding channel 2, first focusing mirror 3, first shielding gas channel 4, front laser beam 5, third motor 6, first focusing mirror sleeve 7, connector one 8, first motor 9, connector two 10, threaded transmission rod 11, second motor 12, rotating shaft 13, third shielding gas channel 14, second focusing mirror sleeve 15, fourth motor 16, second cladding head body 17, second powder feeding channel 18, second focusing mirror 19, second shielding gas channel 20, rear laser beam 21, front cladding layer 22, rear cladding layer 23, substrate 24; The first slide plate 8-1, the second slide plate 8-2, and the boss 8-3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head, comprising at least two laser cladding heads, wherein the adjacent laser cladding heads are connected by a rotating structure, and the rear laser cladding head can swing around the front laser cladding head through the rotating structure, so that the path of the rear laser beam is consistent with that of the front laser beam when in use.

[0027] Adjacent laser cladding heads are connected by a rotating structure, and one of the laser cladding heads can swing around another adjacent laser cladding head through the rotating structure to ensure that the walking trajectories of the front and rear cladding heads are consistent, thereby efficiently and high-quality laser cladding multi-layer composite coating preparation.

[0028] In this embodiment, see Figure 1 The rotating structure includes a connector 1 8 and a connector 2 10 respectively arranged on two adjacent laser cladding heads. The upper and lower ends of the connector 1 8 are respectively installed with a first motor 9 and a rotating shaft 13. The output shaft of the first motor 9 moves through the upper end of the connector 1 8 and is fixedly connected to the connector 2 10. The rotating shaft 13 moves through the lower end of the connector 1 8 and is fixedly connected to the connector 2 10. When the output shaft of the first motor 9 rotates, the laser cladding head connected to the connector 2 10 is driven to swing. In this embodiment, the connector 1 8 is a "convex"-shaped structure, and the connector 2 10 is a "concave"-shaped structure. The connector 1 8 is inserted and installed in the connector 2 10.

[0029] Furthermore, the output shaft of the first motor 9 passes through the through hole at the upper end of the connector 1 8 and is connected to the bearing in the through hole; the rotating shaft 13 passes through the through hole at the lower end of the connector 1 8 and is connected to the bearing in the through hole and is threadedly fixedly connected to the connector 2 10. Through the above structure, when the output shaft of the first motor 9 rotates forward and reversely, it can flexibly drive the laser cladding head connected to the connector 2 10 to swing.

[0030] Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned structure, the rotating structure may also adopt other structures, for example, two adjacent laser cladding heads are hinged by connector 1 8 and connector 2 10, and then an electric push rod is installed on one of the laser cladding heads, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod is connected to the outer wall of the other laser cladding head, and the rear laser cladding head is pushed to swing by the telescopic end of the electric push rod.

[0031] Embodiment 2: Based on Example 1, see Figure 1 A spacing adjustment device is also installed between adjacent laser cladding heads, and the spacing adjustment device is used to adjust the spacing between two adjacent laser cladding heads to meet the cooling time of the cladding layers of adjacent laser cladding heads.

[0032] In this embodiment, see Figure 1 , 2 The spacing adjustment device includes a plurality of sliding structures, the sliding structures include a first slide plate 8-1 and a second slide plate 8-2, the first slide plate 8-1 and the second slide plate 8-2 are L-shaped structures respectively, one end of the first slide plate 8-1 and the second slide plate 8-2 are connected by a sliding guide that fits with each other, and the other ends of the first slide plate 8-1 and the second slide plate 8-2 are respectively fixedly connected to two adjacent laser cladding heads, a boss 8-3 is installed on the first slide plate 8-1, a second motor 12 is installed on the second slide plate 8-2, a threaded transmission rod 11 is installed on the output shaft of the second motor 12, and the threaded transmission rod 11 is threadedly connected with the boss 8-3.

[0033] When in use, the second motor 12 is started, and the output shaft of the second motor 12 rotates, thereby driving the threaded transmission rod 11 to rotate. Since the threaded transmission rod 11 is threadedly connected with the boss 8-3, the first slide 8-1 and the second slide 8-2 slide toward or away from each other. When sliding toward each other, the distance between two adjacent laser cladding heads decreases, and when sliding away from each other, the distance between two adjacent laser cladding heads increases.

[0034] Specifically, the first slide 8-1 and the second slide 8-2 can be connected by a sliding guide through a dovetail slide groove structure, or can be connected by a sliding guide in a manner of matching a linear guide rail and a slide rail. For example, two linear guide rails are installed on the long side sections of the first slide 8-1 and the second slide 8-2, and two slide rails are installed on the short side ends of the first slide 8-1 and the second slide 8-2, and the slide rails are connected by sliding cooperation with the linear guide rails.

[0035] Embodiment 3: On the basis of Example 1 or Example 2, the laser cladding head includes a first cladding head body 1, a laser channel is axially arranged in the middle of the first cladding head body 1, a first powder feeding channel 2 is arranged on the outside of the laser channel of the first cladding head body 1, and a first focusing lens 3 is installed in the laser channel; the laser channel includes a cylindrical section in the upper section and a conical section in the lower section.

[0036] exist Figure 1 In the figure, it is shown that the composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head of the present application includes a joint of two laser cladding heads. Specifically, the two laser cladding heads include a first cladding head body 1, a first powder feeding channel 2, a first focusing mirror 3, a first protective gas channel 4, a third motor 6, a first focusing mirror sleeve 7, a second focusing mirror sleeve 15, a fourth motor 16, a second cladding head body 17, a second powder feeding channel 18, a second focusing mirror 19, and a second protective gas channel 20.

[0037] The cylindrical section is used to transmit the parallel beams of the front laser beam 5 and the rear laser beam 21 , and the diameter of the conical section gradually decreases from top to bottom, and is mainly used to transmit the focused beams of the front laser beam 5 and the rear laser beam 21 .

[0038] The first powder feeding channel 2 and the second powder feeding channel 18 are used to transport carrier gas and cladding material powder.

[0039] The first focusing lens 3 is a convex lens, which is used for focusing the laser beam.

[0040] Further, see Figure 1 A first protective gas channel 4 is provided on the first cladding head body 1 radially below the first focusing lens 3, and the first protective gas channel 4 is connected from the outside of the first cladding head body 1 to the laser channel. The first protective gas channel 4 is mainly used to transmit inert protective gas to the laser channel. The first protective gas channel 4 has two functions: one is to make the laser channel positively pressurized to prevent the cladding smoke from entering the laser channel and reacting with the laser beam to change the properties of the laser beam, thereby affecting the effect of laser cladding; the other is to diffuse the inert protective gas around the laser molten pool to prevent the high-temperature material in the molten pool from reacting with the air and affecting the quality of the cladding layer.

[0041] Embodiment 4: Based on Example 3, see Figure 1 The first focusing lens 3 is installed in the first focusing lens sleeve 7, the first focusing lens sleeve 7 is slidably installed in the cylindrical section of the laser channel, and the first focusing lens sleeve 7 is connected to the first cladding head body 1 through an adjustment structure. The upper and lower positions of the first focusing lens sleeve 7 are adjusted by adjusting the structure, thereby realizing the adjustment of the defocus amount of each laser cladding head.

[0042] Specifically, in Figure 1 In the embodiment, the adjustment structure includes a rack structure axially arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the first focusing lens sleeve 7 and a third motor 6 installed on the upper end of the first cladding head body 1. A gear is installed on the output shaft of the third motor 6, and the gear is meshed with the rack structure for transmission.

[0043] When in use, the third motor 6 rotates, thereby driving the gear to rotate. Since the gear is engaged with the rack structure, the first focusing lens sleeve 7 is driven to move up and down.

[0044] In addition to the above structure, other structures can also be used for the adjustment structure. For example, a push rod device is installed on the first cladding head body 1, and the telescopic end of the push rod device is connected to the outer wall of the first focusing lens sleeve 7. The first focusing lens sleeve 7 is pushed and pulled up and down by the telescopic end of the push rod device.

[0045] Embodiment 5: Based on Examples 1-4, see Figure 1 A third protective gas channel 14 is provided between adjacent laser cladding heads, and the lower end of the third protective gas channel 14 extends to between the lower ends of adjacent laser cladding heads. The third protective gas channel 14 introduces an inert protective gas, and its main function is to ensure that there is an interval between the preparation of the front cladding layer 22 and the preparation of the rear cladding layer 23. After the inert protective gas is introduced between the adjacent laser cladding heads, the front cladding layer 22 is always protected by the inert gas, so as to prevent the front cladding layer 22 from contacting with the air and causing an oxidation reaction.

[0046] Specifically, in the present embodiment, a plurality of third protective gas passages 14 are provided, and the third protective gas passages 14 penetrate the connector 2 10 and the connector 1 8 from top to bottom.

[0047] Embodiment 6: Based on Examples 1-5, the method for using the composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head includes adjusting the path of the rear laser cladding head, and / or adjusting the cooling time of the front cladding layer 22, and / or adjusting the defocus amount.

[0048] Among them, the method for adjusting the path of the laser cladding head is as follows: During the movement, according to the movement trajectory of the front laser cladding head, the angle of the rear laser cladding head is adjusted in real time by the rotating structure, and the movement trajectory of the rear laser cladding head is changed to ensure that the movement trajectory of the rear laser cladding head is consistent with the movement trajectory of the front laser cladding head.

[0049] Combined with Example 1 and the attached Figure 1 When in use, the robot arm is fixedly installed on the first cladding head body 1. During the laser cladding processing, the output shaft of the first motor 9 rotates forward and reversely, thereby driving the second cladding head body 17 to swing, thereby changing the moving trajectory of the second cladding head body 17, ensuring that the moving trajectory of the second cladding head body 17 is consistent with the moving trajectory of the first cladding head body 1.

[0050] The method for adjusting the cooling time of the front cladding layer 22 is: The cooling time of the front cladding layer 22 is determined when the rear cladding layer 23 begins to be prepared, and then the distance between the front laser beam 5 and the rear laser beam 21 is calculated according to the moving speed of the laser cladding head, and then the distance between adjacent laser cladding heads is adjusted by the distance adjustment device.

[0051] Combined with Example 2 and the attached Figure 1 When the distance between the first cladding head body 1 and the second cladding head body 17 needs to be adjusted, the second motor 12 is started, and the output shaft of the second motor 12 rotates, thereby driving the threaded transmission rod 11 to rotate. Since the threaded transmission rod 11 is threadedly connected with the boss 8-3, the first slide 8-1 and the second slide 8-2 slide toward or away from each other. When sliding toward each other, the distance between the two adjacent laser cladding heads decreases, and when sliding away from each other, the distance between the two adjacent laser cladding heads increases.

[0052] The method of adjusting the defocus amount is: According to the material properties of the cladding material and the substrate 24 , the height position of the first focusing lens sleeve 7 is adjusted by adjusting the structure, thereby adjusting the height position of the first focusing lens 3 , so that there is a height difference between the focus of the front laser beam 5 and the rear laser beam 21 .

[0053] Combined with Example 4 and the attached Figure 1 When the height position of the first focusing mirror 3 needs to be adjusted, the third motor 6 rotates, thereby driving the gear to rotate. Since the gear is engaged with the rack structure, the first focusing mirror sleeve 7 is driven to move up and down, thereby driving the first focusing mirror 3 to move up and down.

Claims

1. A composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head, comprising at least two laser cladding heads, characterized in that: The adjacent laser cladding heads are connected via a rotating structure, and the rear laser cladding head can swing around the front laser cladding head via the rotating structure, so that the path of the rear laser beam is consistent with that of the front laser beam in the use state.

2. The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating structure comprises a connector 1 (8) and a connector 2 (10) respectively arranged on two adjacent laser cladding heads; a first motor (9) and a rotating shaft (13) are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the connector 1 (8); the output shaft of the first motor (9) movably passes through the upper end of the connector 1 (8) and is fixedly connected to the connector 2 (10); the rotating shaft (13) movably passes through the lower end of the connector 1 (8) and is fixedly connected to the connector 2 (10); when the output shaft of the first motor (9) rotates, the laser cladding head connected to the connector 2 (10) is driven to swing.

3. The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output shaft of the first motor (9) passes through the through hole at the upper end of the connector one (8) and is connected to the bearing in the through hole; the rotating shaft (13) passes through the through hole at the lower end of the connector one (8) and is connected to the bearing in the through hole and is threadedly fixedly connected to the connector two (10).

4. The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spacing adjustment device is also installed between the laser cladding heads, and the spacing adjustment device is used to adjust the spacing between two adjacent laser cladding heads.

5. The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spacing adjustment device comprises a plurality of sliding structures, the sliding structures comprising a first slide plate (8-1) and a second slide plate (8-2), the first slide plate (8-1) and the second slide plate (8-2) being L-shaped structures respectively, one end of the first slide plate (8-1) and the second slide plate (8-2) being connected in a sliding guide manner that is mutually buckled, and the other ends of the first slide plate (8-1) and the second slide plate (8-2) being respectively fixedly connected to two adjacent laser cladding heads, a boss (8-3) being mounted on the first slide plate (8-1), a second motor (12) being mounted on the second slide plate (8-2), a threaded transmission rod (11) being mounted on the output shaft of the second motor (12), and the threaded transmission rod (11) being threadedly matched with the boss (8-3).

6. A composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The laser cladding head comprises a first cladding head body (1), a laser channel is axially arranged in the middle of the first cladding head body (1), a first powder feeding channel (2) is arranged on the outside of the laser channel of the first cladding head body (1), and a first focusing lens (3) is installed in the laser channel; the laser channel comprises an upper cylindrical section and a lower conical section.

7. The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first protective gas channel (4) is provided on the first cladding head body (1) in a radial direction below the first focusing mirror (3), and the first protective gas channel (4) is connected from the outside of the first cladding head body (1) to the inside of the laser channel.

8. The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first focusing lens (3) is mounted in a first focusing lens sleeve (7), the first focusing lens sleeve (7) is slidably mounted in a cylindrical section of the laser channel, the first focusing lens sleeve (7) is connected to the first cladding head body (1) via an adjustment structure, and the upper and lower positions of the first focusing lens sleeve (7) are adjusted via the adjustment structure.

9. The composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adjustment structure comprises a rack structure axially arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the first focusing lens sleeve (7) and a third motor (6) mounted on the upper end of the first cladding head body (1); a gear is mounted on the output shaft of the third motor (6), and the gear meshes with the rack structure for transmission.

10. The method for using the composite coating laser cladding integrated cladding head according to claim 8, characterized in that: Including adjusting the path of the rear laser cladding head, and / or adjusting the cooling time of the front cladding layer (22), and / or adjusting the defocus amount; Among them, the method for adjusting the path of the laser cladding head is as follows: During the movement process, according to the movement trajectory of the front laser cladding head, the angle of the rear laser cladding head is adjusted in real time through the rotating structure, and the movement trajectory of the rear laser cladding head is changed to ensure that the movement trajectory of the rear laser cladding head is consistent with the movement trajectory of the front laser cladding head; The method for adjusting the cooling time of the front cladding layer (22) is as follows: Determining the cooling time of the front cladding layer (22) when the rear cladding layer (23) begins to be prepared, then calculating the distance between the front laser beam (5) and the rear laser beam (21) according to the moving speed of the laser cladding head, and then adjusting the distance between adjacent laser cladding heads by a distance adjustment device; The method of adjusting the defocus amount is: According to the material properties of the cladding material and the substrate (24), the height position of the first focusing lens sleeve (7) is adjusted by adjusting the structure, thereby adjusting the height position of the first focusing lens (3), so that there is a height difference between the focal points of the front laser beam (5) and the rear laser beam (21).

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