Active roadway constant temperature control system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of temperature control systems, and particularly discloses an active roadway constant temperature control system, which is characterized in that by arranging a moving gap between a heat removal outer layer and a heat removal inner layer, heat transfer between surrounding rocks and a roadway is reduced, the influence of the surrounding rocks on the temperature of the roadway is reduced, and the constant temperature of the roadway is conveniently maintained; besides, during heat recovery, a pushing mechanism is used for achieving contact heat transfer between the heat removal middle layer and one of the heat removal outer layer and the heat removal inner layer, independent heat exchange and recovery of heat of the surrounding rock and the roadway are achieved, and the probability that the temperature of the roadway is prone to losing when the surrounding rock and the roadway with great difference in heat transfer coefficient are subjected to synchronous heat removal and cooling is reduced; meanwhile, the problem that the temperature difference is too large after synchronous heating and cooling is avoided, the constant temperature of the roadway is conveniently maintained, and the regulation and control difficulty for maintaining the constant temperature of the roadway is reduced; in addition, through the heat-taking outer layer and the heat-taking inner layer which are filled with the phase-change materials, heat storage and heat preservation can be conveniently conducted on surrounding rocks and roadways, and the constant-temperature adjusting difficulty is lowered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of temperature control systems, and more specifically to an active tunnel constant temperature control system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of underground space development activities such as tunnel engineering, mineral mining, and urban subway transportation, maintaining the stability of the internal temperature of the tunnel has become one of the key technical problems that need to be solved urgently. The main causes of the increase in tunnel temperature include geothermal effect, heating of electromechanical equipment, heat release from process operations, and heat emission from personnel. According to relevant safety regulations in my country, the temperature of the underground working environment shall generally not exceed 26°C, because the high temperature working environment will not only significantly reduce labor productivity, but also pose a threat to the health of workers. In extreme cases, it may even induce heat stroke and shock. Specifically, based on 26°C as the benchmark, for every 1°C increase in ambient temperature, labor productivity will decrease by 6% to 8%; when the ambient temperature rises to above 30°C, the decline in labor productivity will be more significant.

[0003] Using a heat pump system to recover and reuse excess heat energy inside the tunnel is considered a feasible solution. However, most current heat pump systems extract heat from both the tunnel air and the surrounding rock when in operation. Given the significant differences in heat conduction characteristics between tunnel air and surrounding rock, this indiscriminate heat extraction method can easily lead to overcooling of the tunnel or surrounding rock, which in turn hinders the realization of constant tunnel temperature control. Therefore, developing a new heat pump system that can selectively and efficiently extract heat from the tunnel or surrounding rock is of vital importance to ensure that the tunnel temperature remains constant. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an active tunnel constant temperature control system, which can achieve independent heat extraction and cooling of the surrounding rock and tunnel heat.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] An active tunnel constant temperature control system, comprising a heat exchange layer installed between a primary lining layer and a secondary lining layer of the tunnel, the heat exchange layer comprising a heat extraction outer layer abutting against an inner wall of the primary lining layer, a heat extraction inner layer abutting against an outer wall of the secondary lining layer, and a heat extraction middle layer arranged between the heat extraction outer layer and the heat extraction inner layer, the heat extraction middle layer being a hollow structure and filled with a heat exchange agent, the heat extraction middle layer being connected to a heat pump device through a pipeline, and the heat pump device allowing the heat exchange agent to circulate between the heat extraction middle layer and the heat pump device to recover heat; A moving gap is formed between the outer heat-taking layer and the inner heat-taking layer for the middle heat-taking layer to move, and a driving mechanism is provided in the moving gap for driving the middle heat-taking layer to contact and transfer heat with one of the outer heat-taking layer and the inner heat-taking layer; a first temperature sensor is installed in the outer heat-taking layer, and a second temperature sensor is installed in the inner heat-taking layer; both the outer heat-taking layer and the inner heat-taking layer are filled with phase change materials, and the heat pump device, the driving mechanism, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are all connected to the same central controller.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, both the outer heat extraction layer and the inner heat extraction layer are filled with phase change materials.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the pushing mechanism includes a through tube that passes through the heat-taking middle layer and is fixedly connected thereto, a guide plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the through tube, the guide plate passes through support rods that extend to both sides of the heat-taking middle layer, the outer ends of the support rods are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat-taking outer layer, and the inner ends of the support rods are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heat-taking inner layer; a magnetic ring is fixedly connected inside the guide plate, and an electromagnetic coil is provided inside the support rod for driving the magnetic ring to move in and out.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the through tube is a vertical circular tubular structure, the guide disk is a circular disk structure with a central opening, the support rod is a vertical circular rod, and the support rod sleeve is provided with a first spring and a second spring located on both sides of the guide disk.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the pushing mechanism is an electric telescopic rod installed on both sides of the heat-taking middle layer. The electric telescopic rod is nested and fixed in the heat-taking outer layer or the heat-taking inner layer, and the electric telescopic rod is used to push the heat-taking middle layer inward and outward.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the heat extraction middle layer is a hollow annular structure, and is made of elastic heat conductive material.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves equidistantly distributed around the circumference are provided on the circumferential outer wall and the circumferential inner wall of the heat extraction middle layer.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, a partition plate is fixedly connected to the heat extraction middle layer for isolating the inner cavity of the heat extraction middle layer, a portion of the heat extraction middle layer located on one side of the partition plate is provided with a liquid inlet hole, a portion of the heat extraction middle layer located on the other side of the partition plate is provided with a liquid outlet hole, the liquid inlet hole is connected to a liquid inlet pipe connected to the heat pump device, and the liquid outlet hole is connected to a liquid outlet pipe connected to the heat pump device.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present invention, the heat pump device includes an evaporator, a condenser and a heat user, and both the evaporator and the condenser are provided with a first heat exchange chamber and a second heat exchange chamber which are fitted to each other, and the inlet and outlet ends of the first heat exchange chamber of the evaporator are respectively connected with the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe is respectively installed with a lane side circulation pump and a lane side valve; the inlet and outlet ends of the first heat exchange chamber of the condenser are respectively connected with the second heat exchange chamber of the evaporator through a pair of pipes, and the pipes located on both sides of the condenser are respectively installed with a compressor and an expansion valve; the heat user is connected with the second heat exchange chamber of the condenser through a pair of pipes, and the pair of pipes located at both ends of the heat user are respectively installed with a user side valve and a user side heat exchange pump.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the active tunnel constant temperature control system includes the following steps when controlling the temperature of the tunnel: Step 1: Monitor the temperature of the surrounding rock through the first temperature sensor, obtain the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock and send it back to the central controller; monitor the temperature in the tunnel through the second temperature sensor, obtain the real-time temperature of the tunnel and send it back to the central controller; Step 2: When the real-time temperature of the tunnel is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 3; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel and the temperature of the surrounding rock is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 4; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 5; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 6; Step three, the controller starts the pushing mechanism, the pushing mechanism pushes the heat extraction middle layer to move toward the heat extraction inner layer and makes the heat extraction middle layer fit with the heat extraction inner layer, then the controller starts the heat pump device, the heat pump device injects the heat exchanger into the inner cavity of the heat extraction middle layer and makes the heat exchanger circulate between the heat extraction middle layer and the heat pump device, and transfers the heat of the heat extraction inner layer to the heat pump device through the heat exchanger in the heat extraction middle layer, so as to realize the cooling of the heat extraction inner layer and the cooling of the roadway; when the real-time temperature of the roadway drops to the roadway temperature, the controller starts the pushing mechanism again, so that the heat extraction middle layer and the heat extraction outer layer fit with each other for heat transfer, until the surrounding rock temperature also drops to the set temperature of the roadway, and then starts the pushing mechanism again and turns off the heat pump device, so that the heat extraction middle layer and the heat extraction outer layer are out of contact; Step 4: The central controller starts the driving mechanism and the heat pump device, so that the heat-collecting middle layer and the heat-collecting inner layer are in contact with each other for heat transfer, until the real-time temperature of the lane drops to the set temperature of the lane, and then stops the operation; Step 5: The central controller starts the pushing mechanism, so that the heat-taking middle layer first moves to the heat-taking outer layer to exchange heat with it, and then moves to the heat-taking inner layer to exchange heat with it, and transfers the heat of the surrounding rock into the tunnel through the heat-taking middle layer; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel reaches the set temperature of the tunnel, the pushing mechanism is closed, so that the heat-taking middle layer is located in the middle of the moving gap; when the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is equal to the real-time temperature of the tunnel and is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, the pushing mechanism and the heat pump device are started, so that the heat-taking middle layer and the heat-taking inner layer are attached, and then the heat pump device heats the heat exchanger, and heats the tunnel through the heat-taking middle layer until the real-time temperature of the tunnel rises to the set temperature, and then the heat pump device is closed and the heat-taking middle layer is separated from the heat-taking inner layer; Step six, start the pushing mechanism and the heat pump device to make the heat-taking middle layer fit with the heat-taking inner layer, then the heat pump device heats the heat exchanger, and heats the tunnel through the heat-taking middle layer until the real-time temperature of the tunnel rises to the set temperature, and then turn off the heat pump device and separate the heat-taking middle layer from the heat-taking inner layer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) The present invention reduces the heat transfer between the surrounding rock and the tunnel by setting a moving gap between the outer heat extraction layer and the inner heat extraction layer, reduces the influence of the surrounding rock on the tunnel temperature, and facilitates maintaining the constant temperature of the tunnel; in addition, when recovering heat, a pushing mechanism is used to realize contact heat transfer between the middle heat extraction layer and one of the outer heat extraction layer and the inner heat extraction layer, thereby realizing separate heat exchange recovery of the surrounding rock and the tunnel, reducing the probability of tunnel temperature loss caused by the surrounding rock and the tunnel having large differences in heat transfer coefficients when the two are heated and cooled simultaneously, and at the same time, avoiding the problem of excessive temperature difference after the two are heated and cooled simultaneously, thereby facilitating maintaining the constant temperature of the tunnel and reducing the difficulty of regulating and controlling the tunnel to maintain a constant temperature.

[0017] (2) The present invention facilitates heat storage and insulation of surrounding rocks and tunnels by filling the outer heat extraction layer and the inner heat extraction layer with phase change materials, reduces heat transfer, and facilitates improving heat recovery efficiency when heat recovery is performed alone, thereby improving the efficiency of constant temperature regulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the active tunnel constant temperature control system in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the heat pump device in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the adjustment process of the active tunnel constant temperature control system in the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the through-tube in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the support rod in the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of contact heat exchange between the heat extraction middle layer and the heat extraction inner layer in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the contact heat exchange between the heat extraction middle layer and the heat extraction outer layer in the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of the numbers in the figure: 1. primary lining layer; 2. heat extraction outer layer; 3. heat extraction middle layer; 301. partition plate; 302. arc-shaped groove; 4. heat extraction inner layer; 5. secondary lining layer; 6. liquid inlet hole; 7. liquid outlet hole; 8. liquid inlet pipe; 9. heat pump device; 10. liquid outlet pipe; 11. driving mechanism; 12. tunnel side circulation; 13. tunnel side valve; 14. evaporator; 15. compressor; 16. condenser; 17. expansion valve; 18. user side valve; 19. heat user; 20. user side circulation pump; 21. through pipe; 22. support rod; 23. guide plate; 24. first spring; 25. second spring; 26. magnetic ring; 27. electromagnetic coil; 28. first temperature sensor; 29. ​​second temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "mounted / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] See also Figure 1-8 In one embodiment of the present invention, an active tunnel constant temperature control system includes a heat exchange layer installed between a primary lining layer 1 and a secondary lining layer 5 of the tunnel, the heat exchange layer includes a heat extraction outer layer 2 abutting against the inner wall of the primary lining layer 1, a heat extraction inner layer 4 abutting against the outer wall of the secondary lining layer 5, and a heat extraction middle layer 3 arranged between the heat extraction outer layer 2 and the heat extraction inner layer 4, the heat extraction middle layer 3 is a hollow structure and is filled with a heat exchange agent, the heat extraction middle layer 3 is connected to a heat pump device 9 through a pipeline, and the heat pump device 9 allows the heat exchange agent to circulate between the heat extraction middle layer 3 and the heat pump device 9 to recover heat; A moving gap is formed between the heat-extracting outer layer 2 and the heat-extracting inner layer 4 for the heat-extracting middle layer 3 to move, and a pushing mechanism 11 is provided in the moving gap to push the heat-extracting middle layer 3 to contact and transfer heat with one of the heat-extracting outer layer 2 and the heat-extracting inner layer 4; a first temperature sensor 28 is installed in the heat-extracting outer layer 2, and a second temperature sensor 29 is installed in the heat-extracting inner layer 4; The heat extraction outer layer 2 and the heat extraction inner layer 4 are both filled with phase change materials, and the heat pump device 9, the driving mechanism 11, the first temperature sensor 28 and the second temperature sensor 29 are all connected to the same central controller.

[0024] Specifically, by setting a moving gap between the heat-taking outer layer 2 and the heat-taking inner layer 4, the heat transfer between the surrounding rock and the tunnel is reduced (there is a moving gap between the surrounding rock and the tunnel, and the two are not in direct contact), the influence of the surrounding rock on the tunnel temperature is reduced, and it is convenient to maintain the constant temperature of the tunnel; in addition, when recovering heat, the pushing mechanism 11 is used to realize the contact heat transfer between the heat-taking middle layer 3 and one of the heat-taking outer layer 2 and the heat-taking inner layer 4, so as to realize the separate heat exchange recovery of the heat of the surrounding rock and the tunnel, and reduce the probability of the tunnel losing temperature when the surrounding rock and the tunnel with large differences in heat transfer coefficients are heated and cooled synchronously, and at the same time, avoid the problem of excessive temperature difference after the two are heated and cooled synchronously, so as to maintain the constant temperature of the tunnel and reduce the difficulty of regulating and controlling the tunnel to maintain a constant temperature.

[0025] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , when controlling the temperature of the tunnel, the following steps are included: Step 1: Monitor the temperature of the surrounding rock through the first temperature sensor 28, obtain the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock and send it back to the central controller, and monitor the temperature in the tunnel through the second temperature sensor 29, obtain the real-time temperature of the tunnel and send it back to the central controller; It should be noted that the primary lining layer 1 is a concrete layer cast on the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. The heat of the surrounding rock is transferred to the heat extraction outer layer 2 through the primary lining layer 1. The first temperature sensor 28 is installed in the heat extraction outer layer 2. Therefore, the real-time temperature of the heat extraction outer layer 2 monitored by the first temperature sensor 28 is defined as the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock. Similarly, the real-time temperature of the heat extraction inner layer 4 monitored by the second temperature sensor 29 is defined as the real-time temperature of the tunnel. Step 2: When the real-time temperature of the tunnel is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 3; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel and the temperature of the surrounding rock is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 4; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 5; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 6; Step three, the controller starts the pushing mechanism 11, the pushing mechanism 11 pushes the heat-taking middle layer 3 to move toward the heat-taking inner layer 4 and makes the heat-taking middle layer 3 fit with the heat-taking inner layer 4, then the controller starts the heat pump device 9, the heat pump device 9 injects the heat exchange agent into the inner cavity of the heat-taking middle layer 3 and makes the heat exchange agent circulate between the heat-taking middle layer 3 and the heat pump device 9, and transfers the heat of the heat-taking inner layer 4 to the heat pump device 9 through the heat exchange agent in the heat-taking middle layer 3, so as to achieve the cooling of the heat-taking inner layer 4 and the cooling of the roadway; when the real-time temperature of the roadway drops to the roadway temperature, the controller starts the pushing mechanism 11 again, so that the heat-taking middle layer 3 and the heat-taking outer layer 2 fit together for heat transfer, until the surrounding rock temperature also drops to the roadway set temperature, and starts the pushing mechanism 11 again and turns off the heat pump device 9, so that the heat-taking middle layer 3 and the heat-taking outer layer 2 are out of contact; Step 4: the central controller starts the driving mechanism 11 and the heat pump device 9, so that the heat extraction middle layer 3 and the heat extraction inner layer 4 are in contact and heat transfer, until the real-time temperature of the lane drops to the set temperature of the lane, and then stops the operation; Step five, the central controller starts the pushing mechanism 11, so that the heat-taking middle layer 3 first moves to the heat-taking outer layer 2 to exchange heat with it, and then moves to the heat-taking inner layer 4 to exchange heat with it, and transfers the heat of the surrounding rock into the tunnel through the heat-taking middle layer 3; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel reaches the set temperature of the tunnel, the pushing mechanism 11 is closed, so that the heat-taking middle layer 3 is located in the middle of the moving gap; when the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is equal to the real-time temperature of the tunnel and is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, the pushing mechanism 11 and the heat pump device 9 are started, so that the heat-taking middle layer 3 and the heat-taking inner layer 4 are attached, and then the heat pump device 9 heats the heat exchanger, and heats the tunnel through the heat-taking middle layer 3 until the real-time temperature of the tunnel rises to the set temperature, and then the heat pump device 9 is closed and the heat-taking middle layer 3 is separated from the heat-taking inner layer 4; Step six, start the pushing mechanism 11 and the heat pump device 9, so that the heat-taking middle layer 3 and the heat-taking inner layer 4 are in contact with each other, and then the heat pump device 9 heats the heat exchanger, and heats the tunnel through the heat-taking middle layer 3 until the real-time temperature of the tunnel rises to the set temperature, and then turn off the heat pump device 9 and separate the heat-taking middle layer 3 from the heat-taking inner layer 4.

[0026] In this embodiment, both the heat extraction outer layer 2 and the heat extraction inner layer 4 are filled with phase change materials.

[0027] Specifically, by means of the heat-extracting outer layer 2 and the heat-extracting inner layer 4 filled with phase change materials, the heat of the surrounding rock is collected and stored in the heat-extracting outer layer 2 , while the heat of the tunnel is collected and stored in the heat-extracting inner layer 4 .

[0028] See also Figure 4-6 The pushing mechanism 11 includes a through tube 21 that penetrates the heat-taking middle layer 3 and is fixedly connected thereto, a guide plate 23 is fixedly connected to the middle of the through tube 21, and the guide plate 23 penetrates a support rod 22 extending to both sides of the heat-taking middle layer 3, the outer end of the support rod 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat-taking outer layer 2, and the inner end of the support rod 22 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heat-taking inner layer 4; a magnetic ring 26 is fixedly connected inside the guide plate 23, and an electromagnetic coil 27 for driving the magnetic ring 26 to move inward and outward is provided inside the support rod 22.

[0029] Specifically, when the pushing mechanism 11 needs to push the heat-collecting middle layer 3 to contact the heat-collecting outer layer 2, a forward current is passed through the electromagnetic coil 27 (only for distance explanation), and the electromagnetic coil 27 drives the magnetic ring 26 and the guide plate 23 to move toward the heat-collecting outer layer 2, and the guide plate 23 drives the heat-collecting middle layer 3 to move toward the heat-collecting outer layer 2 through the through tube 21; when the pushing mechanism 11 needs to push the heat-collecting middle layer 3 to contact the heat-collecting inner layer 4, a reverse current is passed through the electromagnetic coil 27 (the reverse current here is only an example to illustrate that the direction of the current passed through the electromagnetic coil 27 changes), and the electromagnetic coil 27 drives the magnetic ring 26 and the guide plate 23 to move toward the heat-collecting inner layer 4, and the guide plate 23 drives the heat-collecting middle layer 3 to move toward the heat-collecting inner layer 4 through the through tube 21.

[0030] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 The through tube 21 is a vertical circular tube structure, the guide plate 23 is a circular plate structure with a central opening, the support rod 22 is a vertical circular rod, and the support rod 22 is provided with a first spring 24 and a second spring 25 located on both sides of the guide plate 23.

[0031] Specifically, the first spring 24 and the second spring 25 support the guide plate 23 so that the heat-collecting middle layer 3 is suspended in the middle of the moving gap when not affected by magnetic force, so that the heat-collecting middle layer 3 does not contact the heat-collecting outer layer 2 or the heat-collecting inner layer 4 for heat transfer.

[0032] It should be noted that the pushing mechanism 11 can be replaced by electric telescopic rods installed on both sides of the heat-collecting middle layer 3. The electric telescopic rods are nested and fixed in the heat-collecting outer layer 2 or the heat-collecting inner layer 4, and the inward and outward movement of the heat-collecting middle layer 3 is achieved through the electric telescopic rods.

[0033] See also Figure 4 The heat-extracting middle layer 3 is a hollow annular structure, and is made of elastic heat-conducting material.

[0034] Specifically, the heat-extracting middle layer 3 made of elastic heat-conducting material has a better fitting effect when in contact with the heat-extracting outer layer 2 or the heat-extracting inner layer 4, thereby improving the heat transfer effect; it should be noted that the elastic heat-conducting material is one of characteristic liquid silicone material, polyether block polyamide and polyurethane.

[0035] See also Figure 4 A plurality of arc-shaped grooves 302 equidistantly distributed around the circumference are provided on the circumferential outer wall and the circumferential inner wall of the heat-extracting middle layer 3 .

[0036] Specifically, the arc-shaped groove 302 is provided to make the heat-extracting middle layer 3 easier to expand and contract, and to facilitate rapid separation from the heat-extracting inner layer 4 or the heat-extracting outer layer 2 when separating, thereby reducing adhesion.

[0037] See also Figure 1 A partition plate 301 is fixedly connected to the heat extraction middle layer 3 to separate the inner cavity of the heat extraction middle layer 3. A liquid inlet hole 6 is opened in the portion of the heat extraction middle layer 3 located on one side of the partition plate 301, and a liquid outlet hole 7 is opened in the portion of the heat extraction middle layer 3 located on the other side of the partition plate 301. The liquid inlet hole 6 is connected to a liquid inlet pipe 8 connected to a heat pump device 9, and the liquid outlet hole 7 is connected to a liquid outlet pipe 10 connected to the heat pump device 9.

[0038] Specifically, by providing the partition plate 301, the heat exchange medium can flow in one direction in the inner cavity of the heat extraction middle layer 3, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0039] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The heat pump device 9 includes an evaporator 14, a condenser 16 and a heat user 19. Both the evaporator 14 and the condenser 16 are provided with a first heat exchange chamber and a second heat exchange chamber which fit each other. The inlet and outlet ends of the first heat exchange chamber of the evaporator 14 are respectively connected with the liquid inlet pipe 8 and the liquid outlet pipe 10, and the liquid inlet pipe 8 is respectively installed with a lane side circulation pump 12 and a lane side valve 13; the inlet and outlet ends of the first heat exchange chamber of the condenser 16 are respectively connected with the second heat exchange chamber of the evaporator 14 through a pair of pipes, and the pipes located on both sides of the condenser 16 are respectively installed with a compressor 15 and an expansion valve 17; the heat user 19 is connected with the second heat exchange chamber of the condenser 16 through a pair of pipes, and the pair of pipes located at both ends of the heat user 19 are respectively installed with a user side valve 18 and a user side heat exchange pump 20.

[0040] Specifically, the tunnel side circulation pump 12 injects the heat exchanger in the heat extraction middle layer 3 into the first heat exchange chamber in the evaporator 14 for heat exchange and cooling, and the cooled heat exchanger is re-injected into the heat extraction middle layer 3; at the same time, the refrigerant in the evaporator 14 absorbs heat and evaporates in the second heat exchange chamber in the evaporator 14, and the evaporated refrigerant passes through the expansion valve 17 and is condensed and heat-exchanged in the first heat exchange chamber of the condenser 16. The refrigerant after heat exchange is compressed by the compressor 15 and is re-injected into the second heat exchange chamber of the evaporator 14; the heat user 19 extracts and utilizes the heat in the condenser 16 through the user side circulation pump.

[0041] The above is only a preferred specific implementation of the present invention; however, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solution and its improved conception within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active tunnel constant temperature control system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heat exchange layer installed between a primary lining layer (1) and a secondary lining layer (5) of a tunnel, the heat exchange layer comprising a heat extraction outer layer (2) abutting against the inner wall of the primary lining layer (1), a heat extraction inner layer (4) abutting against the outer wall of the secondary lining layer (5), and a heat extraction middle layer (3) arranged between the heat extraction outer layer (2) and the heat extraction inner layer (4), the heat extraction middle layer (3) being a hollow structure and filled with a heat exchange agent, the heat extraction middle layer (3) being connected to a heat pump device (9) via a pipeline, and the heat pump device (9) allowing the heat exchange agent to circulate between the heat extraction middle layer (3) and the heat pump device (9) to recover heat; A moving gap is formed between the heat extraction outer layer (2) and the heat extraction inner layer (4) for the heat extraction middle layer (3) to move, and a pushing mechanism (11) is provided in the moving gap for pushing the heat extraction middle layer (3) to contact and transfer heat with one of the heat extraction outer layer (2) and the heat extraction inner layer (4); a first temperature sensor (28) is installed in the heat extraction outer layer (2), and a second temperature sensor (29) is installed in the heat extraction inner layer (4); The heat extraction outer layer (2) and the heat extraction inner layer (4) are both filled with phase change material, and the heat pump device (9), the driving mechanism (11), the first temperature sensor (28) and the second temperature sensor (29) are all connected to the same central controller.

2. An active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat extraction outer layer (2) and the heat extraction inner layer (4) are both filled with phase change material.

3. An active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism (11) comprises a through tube (21) penetrating through the heat extraction middle layer (3) and fixedly connected thereto, a guide plate (23) fixedly connected to the middle of the through tube (21), a support rod (22) extending to both sides of the heat extraction middle layer (3) penetrating the guide plate (23), the outer end of the support rod (22) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat extraction outer layer (2), and the inner end of the support rod (22) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heat extraction inner layer (4); a magnetic ring (26) is fixedly connected inside the guide plate (23), and an electromagnetic coil (27) for driving the magnetic ring (26) to move inward and outward is provided inside the support rod (22).

4. An active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The through tube (21) is a vertical circular tube structure, the guide disk (23) is a circular disk structure with a central opening, the support rod (22) is a vertical circular rod, and the support rod (22) is sleeved with a first spring (24) and a second spring (25) located on both sides of the guide disk (23).

5. The active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism (11) is an electric telescopic rod installed on both sides of the heat extraction middle layer (3). The electric telescopic rod is nested and fixed in the heat extraction outer layer (2) or the heat extraction inner layer (4). The electric telescopic rod is used to push the heat extraction middle layer (3) to move inward and outward.

6. The active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat extraction middle layer (3) is a hollow annular structure and is made of elastic heat conductive material.

7. An active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The circumferential outer wall and the circumferential inner wall of the heat extraction middle layer (3) are both provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves (302) distributed at equal intervals around the circumference.

8. An active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A partition plate (301) is fixedly connected to the heat extraction middle layer (3) for separating the inner cavity of the heat extraction middle layer (3); a portion of the heat extraction middle layer (3) located on one side of the partition plate (301) is provided with a liquid inlet hole (6); a portion of the heat extraction middle layer (3) located on the other side of the partition plate (301) is provided with a liquid outlet hole (7); the liquid inlet hole (6) is connected to a liquid inlet pipe (8) connected to a heat pump device (9); and the liquid outlet hole (7) is connected to a liquid outlet pipe (10) connected to the heat pump device (9).

9. The active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pump device (9) comprises an evaporator (14), a condenser (16) and a heat user (19). The evaporator (14) and the condenser (16) are both provided with a first heat exchange chamber and a second heat exchange chamber that fit together. The inlet and outlet ends of the first heat exchange chamber of the evaporator (14) are respectively connected to a liquid inlet pipe (8) and a liquid outlet pipe (10), and the liquid inlet pipe (8) is respectively installed with a lane side circulation pump (12) and a lane side valve (13); the inlet and outlet ends of the first heat exchange chamber of the condenser (16) are respectively connected to the second heat exchange chamber of the evaporator (14) through a pair of pipes, and the pipes located on both sides of the condenser (16) are respectively installed with a compressor (15) and an expansion valve (17); the heat user (19) is connected to the second heat exchange chamber of the condenser (16) through a pair of pipes, and the pair of pipes located at both ends of the heat user (19) are respectively installed with a user side valve (18) and a user side heat exchange pump (20).

10. An active tunnel constant temperature control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The active tunnel constant temperature control system includes the following steps when controlling the temperature of the tunnel: Step 1: monitor the temperature of the surrounding rock through the first temperature sensor (28), obtain the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock and transmit it back to the central controller, and monitor the temperature in the tunnel through the second temperature sensor (29), obtain the real-time temperature of the tunnel and transmit it back to the central controller; Step 2: When the real-time temperature of the tunnel is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 3; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel and the temperature of the surrounding rock is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 4; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is higher than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 5; when the real-time temperature of the tunnel is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel and the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, execute step 6; Step three, the controller starts the pushing mechanism (11), the pushing mechanism (11) pushes the heat extraction middle layer (3) to move toward the heat extraction inner layer (4) and makes the heat extraction middle layer (3) fit with the heat extraction inner layer (4), then the controller starts the heat pump device (9), the heat pump device (9) injects the heat exchange agent into the inner cavity of the heat extraction middle layer (3) and makes the heat exchange agent circulate between the heat extraction middle layer (3) and the heat pump device (9), and the heat of the heat extraction inner layer (4) is transferred to the heat pump device (9) through the heat exchange agent in the heat extraction middle layer (3), so as to achieve the cooling of the heat extraction inner layer (4) and the cooling of the roadway; when the real-time temperature of the roadway drops to the roadway temperature, the controller starts the pushing mechanism (11) again, so that the heat extraction middle layer (3) and the heat extraction outer layer (2) fit together for heat transfer, until the surrounding rock temperature also drops to the roadway set temperature, and then starts the pushing mechanism (11) again and turns off the heat pump device (9), so that the heat extraction middle layer (3) and the heat extraction outer layer (2) are out of contact; Step 4: the central controller starts the driving mechanism (11) and the heat pump device (9), so that the heat extraction middle layer (3) and the heat extraction inner layer (4) are in contact with each other for heat transfer, until the real-time temperature of the tunnel drops to the set temperature of the tunnel, and then stops the operation; Step 5: The central controller starts the pushing mechanism (11) so that the heat-collecting middle layer (3) first moves to the heat-collecting outer layer (2) to exchange heat therewith, and then moves to the heat-collecting inner layer (4) to exchange heat therewith, so that the heat of the surrounding rock is transferred to the tunnel through the heat-collecting middle layer (3); when the real-time temperature of the tunnel reaches the set temperature of the tunnel, the pushing mechanism (11) is closed so that the heat-collecting middle layer (3) is located in the middle of the moving gap; when the real-time temperature of the surrounding rock is equal to the real-time temperature of the tunnel and is lower than the set temperature of the tunnel, the pushing mechanism (11) and the heat pump device (9) are started so that the heat-collecting middle layer (3) and the heat-collecting inner layer (4) are attached to each other, and then the heat pump device (9) heats the heat exchanger and heats the tunnel through the heat-collecting middle layer (3) until the real-time temperature of the tunnel rises to the set temperature, and then the heat pump device (9) is closed and the heat-collecting middle layer (3) is separated from the heat-collecting inner layer (4); Step six, start the pushing mechanism (11) and the heat pump device (9) so that the heat extraction middle layer (3) and the heat extraction inner layer (4) are in contact with each other, and then the heat pump device (9) heats the heat exchanger, and heats the tunnel through the heat extraction middle layer (3) until the real-time temperature of the tunnel rises to the set temperature, and then the heat pump device (9) is turned off and the heat extraction middle layer (3) and the heat extraction inner layer (4) are separated.

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