Energy-saving automatic control system and method for central air conditioner

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of air conditioner energy-saving systems, and discloses a central air conditioner energy-saving automatic control system and method.The central air conditioner energy-saving automatic control system comprises a sensor module, a control module, a communication module, an intelligent control algorithm module, a dynamic adjusting module and an energy-saving optimization module; the sensor module comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a CO2 sensor, an illumination sensor and an occupation sensor, the temperature sensor is used for monitoring indoor and outdoor temperatures and providing real-time data for decision making of a control system, and an NTC (negative temperature coefficient thermistor), a PTC (positive temperature coefficient thermistor) or a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor is adopted. The environment parameters are monitored in real time, the operation state of the air conditioning equipment is dynamically adjusted, the high-energy-consumption operation mode of a traditional air conditioning system is avoided, cooling / heating according to needs is achieved, energy consumption is effectively reduced, the mode is automatically switched to the energy-saving mode in the state that the number of personnel activities is small or no one exists, and therefore the effect of remarkably reducing the operation load and energy consumption can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air-conditioning energy-saving systems, and in particular to a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system and method. Background Art

[0002] Central air conditioning refers to a centralized air conditioning system, which is usually used to adjust the temperature, humidity and air quality of a large space. The central air conditioning system uses one or more refrigeration or heating equipment combined with a duct system to transport processed air to each room or area. It is suitable for residential, commercial buildings, industrial plants, public buildings and other places.

[0003] Traditional central air conditioners usually control the temperature of the air conditioner through a remote control. It is impossible to monitor environmental parameters in real time and dynamically adjust the operating status of the air conditioning equipment, which will cause the air conditioning system to have high energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system and method, which solves the problem of high energy consumption in the traditional central air-conditioning operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system, including a sensor module, a control module, a communication module, an intelligent control algorithm module, a dynamic adjustment module, and an energy-saving optimization module. The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a CO2 sensor, a light sensor, and an occupancy sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor indoor and outdoor temperatures and provide real-time data for control system decision-making. It uses an NTC (negative temperature coefficient thermistor), a PTC (positive temperature coefficient thermistor) or a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor. The humidity sensor is used to monitor indoor humidity to ensure environmental comfort. The humidity sensor needs to use a capacitive humidity sensor or a resistive humidity sensor. The CO2 sensor is used to monitor indoor carbon dioxide concentration to ensure air quality. An infrared optical sensor (NDIR) is used for CO2 monitoring with high precision and stability. The light sensor is used to sense natural light intensity and adjust the air conditioning load. The light sensor uses a photoresistor, a photodiode or a phototransistor. The occupancy sensor includes detecting the activities of people in the room and optimizing the air conditioning operation mode. The occupancy sensor uses an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor or a microwave sensor.

[0006] Preferably, the control module includes a central controller, a programmable logic controller, a frequency converter, and an actuator. The central controller collects sensor data, executes control algorithms, and adjusts the operation of the air conditioner. It adopts an industrial PC or a dedicated embedded controller, has a high-performance CPU, sufficient memory and storage space, and supports a real-time operating system. The programmable logic controller implements system logic control to ensure the coordinated work of each module. The appropriate I / O module is selected according to the system scale to ensure the flexibility and scalability of the control system. The frequency converter is used to adjust the operating speed of the compressor and the fan to achieve precise control. The actuator is used to regulate the air valve and the water valve to achieve air flow and temperature control. The actuator selects an electric actuator or a pneumatic actuator, and the corresponding actuator is selected according to the specifications of the air valve and the water valve to ensure the adjustment accuracy and response speed.

[0007] Preferably, the communication module includes wireless communication and wired communication. The wireless communication is used to realize data transmission between the sensor and the controller. The Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and LoRa technologies are used. According to the building structure and signal coverage range, an appropriate number of wireless access points and repeaters are configured. The wired communication is used to connect various parts of the system to ensure reliable data transmission. Modbus, BACnet, and RS485 technologies are used. Appropriate wired communication lines and interface modules are selected according to the system scale and distance.

[0008] Preferably, the temperature sensor monitors indoor and outdoor temperatures in real time, collects data every 1 minute, and transmits it to the central controller, the humidity sensor collects humidity data every 5 minutes, and transmits it to the central controller, the CO2 sensor collects carbon dioxide concentration data every 10 minutes, and transmits it to the central controller, the light sensor collects light intensity data every 5 minutes, and transmits it to the central controller, and the occupancy sensor monitors personnel activities in real time, and immediately transmits data when personnel movement is detected.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent control algorithm module includes fuzzy control, PID control, and predictive control. The fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic. It generates control output by fuzzifying the input temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration data. Input fuzzification: convert the actual measured value into a fuzzy set, "high temperature", "medium temperature", and "low temperature", and perform reasoning according to preset fuzzy rules. "If the temperature is high and the humidity is high, increase the cooling output", and convert the fuzzy reasoning result into a specific control signal. The PID control is based on proportional (P), integral (I), and differential (D) control strategies. Through real-time calculation of the deviation, the system output is accurately controlled. The deviation between the set value and the actual value is calculated in real time, and the operating parameters of the fan and the compressor are adjusted to make the actual value close to the set value. The predictive control uses historical data and prediction algorithms (ARIMA model, LSTM neural network) to predict environmental changes, adjust the air conditioning operation status in advance, normalize historical data, eliminate data noise, use historical data to train the prediction model, determine model parameters, input current data, predict environmental changes in the future, and adjust the air conditioning operation status in advance according to the prediction results, and cool or heat in advance.

[0010] Preferably, the dynamic adjustment module includes a real-time adjustment mechanism and an energy-saving mode switching. The real-time adjustment mechanism includes that when the indoor temperature is higher than the set value, the system increases the compressor power and the fan speed; when the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the system reduces the compressor power and the fan speed, and adjusts the operation of the humidifier or dehumidifier according to the humidity sensor data to keep the humidity within the set range. When the CO2 concentration exceeds the set threshold, the system increases the fresh air volume and reduces the CO2 concentration. The energy-saving mode switching includes that when the occupancy sensor detects that there is no one in the room, the system automatically switches to the energy-saving mode to reduce the operating load of the fan and the compressor. When the occupancy sensor detects that there is human activity in the room, the system returns to normal mode to ensure environmental comfort.

[0011] Preferably, the energy-saving optimization module includes the utilization of natural cooling and heat sources and time period optimization. The utilization of natural cooling and heat sources includes the use of outdoor low-temperature air for pre-cooling at night, reducing the workload of the compressor during the day, and using solar energy to heat the air during the day to reduce heating energy consumption. The time period optimization is that during time periods with frequent human activities, the system operates in a high-efficiency mode to ensure comfort, and during time periods with less human activities, the system operates in an economic mode to save energy.

[0012] Preferably, a method for using a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1: Install temperature, humidity, CO2, light and occupancy sensors at key locations in the building or workshop, ensuring that the sensors are reasonably located and can accurately reflect the regional environmental conditions;

[0014] S2: Install the central controller, PLC, inverter and actuator to connect the various parts of the air conditioning system;

[0015] S3: Install wireless communication equipment (Wi-Fi router, ZigBee module) and wired communication interface to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission;

[0016] S4: Setting the initial parameters of the air conditioning system in the central controller.

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, temperature sensors are installed in key locations in each room, corridor and outdoors, with at least one in each area; humidity sensors are installed in various indoor areas, especially crowded areas, with at least one in each area; CO2 sensors are installed in crowded areas such as conference rooms, classrooms, and workshops, with at least one in each area; light sensors are installed near windows indoors, with at least one in each room; and occupancy sensors are installed at the entrance or on the ceiling of each room, with at least one in each room.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the initial parameter target temperature of the air conditioning system is 22-24°C in winter and 24-26°C in summer, the humidity range is 40%-60%, and the CO2 concentration threshold is 1000ppm.

[0019] The present invention provides a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system and method. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention avoids the high energy consumption operation mode of the traditional air conditioning system by real-time monitoring of environmental parameters and dynamically adjusting the operation status of the air conditioning equipment. The inverter is used to adjust the speed of the compressor and the fan to achieve on-demand cooling / heating, effectively reducing energy consumption. When there are few people or no people, it automatically switches to the energy-saving mode, thereby significantly reducing the operation load and energy consumption.

[0021] 2. The present invention monitors the indoor temperature in real time through a temperature sensor, and intelligently adjusts the operation of the air conditioning system to ensure that the indoor temperature remains within a comfortable range (such as 22-26°C). Through intelligent control of the air valve and the fan, the cold / hot air is evenly distributed in the room, thereby avoiding the problem of uneven cooling and heating.

[0022] 3. The present invention monitors the operating status of the air-conditioning equipment in real time through sensors and control systems, and promptly detects and handles abnormal situations, thereby avoiding downtime or performance degradation caused by equipment failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system architecture of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the sensor module architecture of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture control module of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the architecture communication module of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control algorithm module of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture dynamic adjustment module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture energy-saving optimization module of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 The present invention is a flow chart of the method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please see attached Figure 1 - Attachment Figure 8 The embodiment of the present invention provides a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system, including a sensor module, a control module, a communication module, an intelligent control algorithm module, a dynamic adjustment module, and an energy-saving optimization module. The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a CO2 sensor, a light sensor, and an occupancy sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor indoor and outdoor temperatures and provide real-time data for control system decision-making. It uses an NTC (negative temperature coefficient thermistor), a PTC (positive temperature coefficient thermistor) or a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor. The humidity sensor is used to monitor indoor humidity to ensure environmental comfort. The humidity sensor needs to use a capacitive humidity sensor or a resistive humidity sensor. The CO2 sensor is used to monitor indoor carbon dioxide concentration to ensure air quality. An infrared optical sensor (NDIR) is used for CO2 monitoring with high precision and stability. The light sensor is used to sense natural light intensity and adjust the air conditioning load. The light sensor uses a photoresistor, a photodiode or a phototransistor. The occupancy sensor includes detecting the activities of people in the room and optimizing the air conditioning operation mode. The occupancy sensor uses an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor or a microwave sensor.

[0033] The control module includes a central controller, a programmable logic controller, a frequency converter, and an actuator. The central controller collects sensor data, executes control algorithms, and adjusts the operation of the air conditioner. It uses an industrial PC or a dedicated embedded controller with a high-performance CPU, sufficient memory and storage space, and supports a real-time operating system. The programmable logic controller implements system logic control to ensure the coordinated work of each module. The appropriate I / O module is selected according to the system scale to ensure the flexibility and scalability of the control system. The frequency converter is used to adjust the operating speed of the compressor and fan to achieve precise control. The actuator is used to regulate the air valve and water valve to achieve air flow and temperature control. The actuator selects an electric actuator or a pneumatic actuator. The corresponding actuator is selected according to the specifications of the air valve and water valve to ensure the adjustment accuracy and response speed.

[0034] The communication module includes wireless communication and wired communication. Wireless communication is used to realize data transmission between sensors and controllers. It adopts Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and LoRa technologies. According to the building structure and signal coverage, an appropriate number of wireless access points and repeaters are configured. Wired communication is used to connect various parts of the system to ensure reliable data transmission. It uses Modbus, BACnet, and RS485 technologies. According to the system scale and distance, appropriate wired communication lines and interface modules are selected.

[0035] The temperature sensor monitors indoor and outdoor temperatures in real time, collects data every 1 minute, and transmits it to the central controller. The humidity sensor collects humidity data every 5 minutes and transmits it to the central controller. The CO2 sensor collects carbon dioxide concentration data every 10 minutes and transmits it to the central controller. The light sensor collects light intensity data every 5 minutes and transmits it to the central controller. The occupancy sensor monitors personnel activities in real time and transmits data immediately when personnel movement is detected.

[0036] The intelligent control algorithm module includes fuzzy control, PID control, and predictive control. Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic. It generates control output by fuzzifying the input temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration data. Input fuzzification: convert the actual measured value into a fuzzy set, "high temperature", "medium temperature", and "low temperature". Reasoning is performed according to the preset fuzzy rules. "If the temperature is high and the humidity is high, increase the cooling output". The fuzzy reasoning result is converted into a specific control signal. PID control is based on proportional (P), integral (I), and differential (D) control strategies. Through real-time calculation of deviations, the system output is accurately controlled. The deviation between the set value and the actual value is calculated in real time, and the operating parameters of the fan and compressor are adjusted to make the actual value close to the set value. Predictive control uses historical data and prediction algorithms (ARIMA model, LSTM neural network) to predict environmental changes and adjust the air conditioning operation status in advance. Historical data is normalized to eliminate data noise. The prediction model is trained using historical data to determine model parameters, input current data, and predict environmental changes in the future. The air conditioning operation status is adjusted in advance according to the prediction results, and cooling or heating is performed in advance.

[0037] The dynamic adjustment module includes real-time adjustment mechanism and energy-saving mode switching. The real-time adjustment mechanism includes that when the indoor temperature is higher than the set value, the system increases the compressor power and fan speed; when the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the system reduces the compressor power and fan speed, and adjusts the operation of the humidifier or dehumidifier according to the humidity sensor data to keep the humidity within the set range. When the CO2 concentration exceeds the set threshold, the system increases the fresh air volume and reduces the CO2 concentration. The energy-saving mode switching includes that when the occupancy sensor detects that there is no one in the room, the system automatically switches to energy-saving mode to reduce the operating load of the fan and compressor. When the occupancy sensor detects that there is human activity in the room, the system returns to normal mode to ensure environmental comfort.

[0038] The energy-saving optimization module includes the utilization of natural cooling and heat sources and time period optimization. The utilization of natural cooling and heat sources includes the use of low-temperature outdoor air for pre-cooling at night, reducing the workload of compressors during the day, and using solar energy to heat the air during the day to reduce heating energy consumption. Time period optimization: During time periods with frequent human activities, the system runs in high-efficiency mode to ensure comfort. During time periods with less human activities, the system runs in economic mode to save energy.

[0039] A method for using a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1: Install temperature, humidity, CO2, light and occupancy sensors at key locations in the building or workshop, ensuring that the sensors are reasonably located and can accurately reflect the regional environmental conditions;

[0041] S2: Install the central controller, PLC, inverter and actuator to connect the various parts of the air conditioning system;

[0042] S3: Install wireless communication equipment (Wi-Fi router, ZigBee module) and wired communication interface to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission;

[0043] S4: Setting the initial parameters of the air conditioning system in the central controller.

[0044] In step S1, temperature sensors are installed in key locations in each room, corridor and outdoors, with at least one in each area; humidity sensors are installed in various indoor areas, especially in crowded areas, with at least one in each area; CO2 sensors are installed in crowded areas such as conference rooms, classrooms, and workshops, with at least one in each area; light sensors are installed near windows indoors, with at least one in each room; occupancy sensors are installed at the entrance or ceiling of each room, with at least one in each room.

[0045] In step S4, the initial parameter target temperature of the air conditioning system is 22-24°C in winter and 24-26°C in summer, the humidity range is 40%-60%, and the CO2 concentration threshold is 1000ppm.

[0046] Table 1: Sensor installation position table

[0047]

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system, comprising a sensor module, a control module, a communication module, an intelligent control algorithm module, a dynamic adjustment module, and an energy-saving optimization module, characterized in that: The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a CO2 sensor, a light sensor, and an occupancy sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor indoor and outdoor temperatures and provide real-time data for control system decision-making. It uses NTC (negative temperature coefficient thermistor), PTC (positive temperature coefficient thermistor) or DS18B20 digital temperature sensor. The humidity sensor is used to monitor indoor humidity to ensure environmental comfort. The humidity sensor needs to use a capacitive humidity sensor or a resistive humidity sensor. The CO2 sensor is used to monitor indoor carbon dioxide concentration to ensure air quality. An infrared optical sensor (NDIR) is used for CO2 monitoring with high precision and stability. The light sensor is used to sense natural light intensity and adjust the air conditioning load. The light sensor uses a photoresistor, a photodiode or a phototransistor. The occupancy sensor includes detecting the activities of people in the room and optimizing the air conditioning operation mode. The occupancy sensor uses an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor or a microwave sensor.

2. A central air conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes a central controller, a programmable logic controller, a frequency converter, and an actuator. The central controller collects sensor data, executes control algorithms, and adjusts the operation of the air conditioner. It uses an industrial PC or a dedicated embedded controller, has a high-performance CPU, sufficient memory and storage space, and supports a real-time operating system. The programmable logic controller implements system logic control to ensure that each module works in coordination. Appropriate I / O modules are selected according to the system scale to ensure the flexibility and scalability of the control system. The frequency converter is used to adjust the operating speed of the compressor and the fan to achieve precise control. The actuator is used to regulate the air valve and the water valve to achieve air flow and temperature control. The actuator selects an electric actuator or a pneumatic actuator. The corresponding actuator is selected according to the specifications of the air valve and the water valve to ensure the adjustment accuracy and response speed.

3. A central air conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module includes wireless communication and wired communication. The wireless communication is used to realize data transmission between the sensor and the controller. It adopts Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and LoRa technologies. According to the building structure and signal coverage, an appropriate number of wireless access points and repeaters are configured. The wired communication is used to connect various parts of the system to ensure reliable data transmission. It uses Modbus, BACnet, and RS485 technologies. According to the system scale and distance, appropriate wired communication lines and interface modules are selected.

4. A central air conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor monitors the indoor and outdoor temperatures in real time, collects data every 1 minute, and transmits it to the central controller. The humidity sensor collects humidity data every 5 minutes and transmits it to the central controller. The CO2 sensor collects carbon dioxide concentration data every 10 minutes and transmits it to the central controller. The light sensor collects light intensity data every 5 minutes and transmits it to the central controller. The occupancy sensor monitors personnel activities in real time and transmits data immediately when personnel movement is detected.

5. A central air conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control algorithm module includes fuzzy control, PID control, and predictive control. The fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic. It generates control output by fuzzifying the input temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration data. Input fuzzification: convert the actual measured value into a fuzzy set, "high temperature", "medium temperature", and "low temperature", and infer according to the preset fuzzy rules. "If the temperature is high and the humidity is high, increase the cooling output", and convert the fuzzy reasoning result into a specific control signal. The PID control is based on proportional (P), integral (I), and differential (D) control strategies. Through real-time calculation of the deviation, the system output is accurately controlled. The deviation between the set value and the actual value is calculated in real time, and the operating parameters of the fan and the compressor are adjusted to make the actual value close to the set value. The predictive control uses historical data and prediction algorithms (ARIMA model, LSTM neural network) to predict environmental changes and adjust the air conditioning operation status in advance. The historical data is normalized to eliminate data noise. The prediction model is trained using historical data to determine model parameters, input current data, predict environmental changes in the future, and adjust the air conditioning operation status in advance according to the prediction results, and cool or heat in advance.

6. A central air conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic adjustment module includes a real-time adjustment mechanism and an energy-saving mode switching. The real-time adjustment mechanism includes that when the indoor temperature is higher than the set value, the system increases the compressor power and the fan speed; when the indoor temperature is lower than the set value, the system reduces the compressor power and the fan speed, and adjusts the operation of the humidifier or dehumidifier according to the humidity sensor data to keep the humidity within the set range. When the CO2 concentration exceeds the set threshold, the system increases the fresh air volume and reduces the CO2 concentration. The energy-saving mode switching includes that when the occupancy sensor detects that there is no one in the room, the system automatically switches to the energy-saving mode to reduce the operating load of the fan and the compressor. When the occupancy sensor detects that there is human activity in the room, the system returns to normal mode to ensure environmental comfort.

7. A central air conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-saving optimization module includes the utilization of natural cooling and heat sources and time period optimization. The utilization of natural cooling and heat sources includes the use of outdoor low-temperature air for pre-cooling at night, reducing the workload of the compressor during the day, and using solar energy to heat the air during the day to reduce heating energy consumption. The time period optimization runs the system in a high-efficiency mode during time periods with frequent human activities to ensure comfort, and runs the system in an economic mode during time periods with less human activities to save energy.

8. A method for using a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Install temperature, humidity, CO2, light and occupancy sensors at key locations in the building or workshop, ensuring that the sensors are reasonably located and can accurately reflect the regional environmental conditions; S2: Install the central controller, PLC, inverter and actuator to connect the various parts of the air conditioning system; S3: Install wireless communication equipment (Wi-Fi router, ZigBee module) and wired communication interface to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission; S4: Set the initial parameters of the air conditioning system in the central controller.

9. A method for using a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step S1, temperature sensors are installed in key locations in each room, corridor and outdoors, with at least one in each area; humidity sensors are installed in various indoor areas, especially in crowded areas, with at least one in each area; CO2 sensors are installed in crowded areas such as conference rooms, classrooms, and workshops, with at least one in each area; light sensors are installed near windows indoors, with at least one in each room; and occupancy sensors are installed at the entrance or ceiling of each room, with at least one in each room.

10. A method for using a central air-conditioning energy-saving automatic control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step S4, the initial parameter target temperature of the air conditioning system is 22-24°C in winter and 24-26°C in summer, the humidity range is 40%-60%, and the CO2 concentration threshold is 1000ppm.

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