Step blasting method for reducing blasting boulder rate through depth-depth coupling
By adopting a deep and shallow coupling blasting method in step blasting, and using tensile stress zones and hole-by-hole-row detonation technology, the problem of high blasting rate in traditional blasting methods is solved, achieving a more efficient and safe blasting effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411876485.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
The traditional step blasting method lacks precise control in hole design and charging methods, which makes it difficult to control the degree and direction of the rock after blasting, increasing the cost of subsequent treatment and having unnecessary impact on the environment.
Using the blasting method of depth and shallow coupling, by designing triangular or plum-shaped holes on the steps of the area to be exploded, the theoretical calculation is used to solve the tensile stress zone between the deep hole medicine bags, and short holes are laid on this basis, combined with Control methods of hole-by-line and micro-deficiency detonation to optimize stress wave distribution.
It effectively reduces the blasting mass rate, improves blasting efficiency and safety, reduces the workload of secondary blasting and mechanical crushing, improves the shoveling efficiency, and makes the rock block size more uniform after blasting.
Smart Images
Figure CN119468827A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a step blasting method for reducing the rate of blasting large blocks by deep and shallow coupling. Background Art
[0002] Blasting technology is an efficient and commonly used method in mining, construction and other projects that require the removal of large amounts of rock. However, traditional blasting technology often faces the problem of a high rate of large blasting blocks, which not only increases the cost of subsequent crushing and processing, but may also cause unnecessary impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, how to reduce the rate of large blasting blocks and improve blasting efficiency and safety has always been a problem that needs to be solved in the field of blasting technology.
[0003] Although the traditional step blasting method can meet engineering needs to a certain extent, it often has many shortcomings in practical applications. For example, in terms of hole layout design, the traditional hole layout method is often relatively simple, lacking in-depth consideration of stress distribution and rock crushing mechanism, resulting in difficulty in controlling the degree and direction of rock crushing after blasting. In addition, in terms of charging and detonation methods, traditional practices are often relatively extensive, lacking precise control and optimization, making it difficult to achieve the expected blasting effect. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a step blasting method for reducing the rate of blasting large blocks by deep and shallow coupling. The method comprises the following steps: S1: On the steps of the blasting area, the holes are arranged in a triangular or plum blossom shape, and the deep hole blasting design is carried out according to the on-site blasting conditions, and the deep holes are drilled and constructed; S2: Use theoretical calculation to solve the tensile stress-free zone between deep-hole explosive packages, and solve the tensile stress-free zone range where the stress waves generated by the blasting of the two explosive packages intersect obliquely and the intersection point is on the vertical center line of the two explosive packages; S3: Establish trigonometric functions to obtain the range of the tensile stress-free zone on the vertical center lines of the two medicine packages; The trigonometric functions are:
[0005] Where γ is the lateral stress coefficient, β is the angle between the line connecting the charge and the line connecting the unit body and the charge S4: Combined with the distribution range of the tensile stress-free zone, the short holes should be arranged in the tensile stress-free zone on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes. At the same time, the front row of blastholes is just in the tensile stress-free zone. Therefore, combined with the actual operability of on-site perforation, it is finally determined that the short holes will be arranged at equal distances from the deep holes in the tensile stress-free zone. S5: Drilling and constructing short holes according to the above calculation results; S6: Charge the deep holes and short holes obtained through construction, and plug the blast holes after charging; S7: Detonate hole by hole and row by row as per design requirements, with short holes treated as separate rows with micro-difference detonation.
[0006] Optionally, the step in the area to be blasted in step S1 refers to a specific area to be blasted, which is a rock part that needs to be removed during mining or construction; The triangular or plum blossom-shaped hole arrangement refers to the arrangement of blasting holes. When drilling holes in rock, a triangular or plum blossom-shaped pattern is selected to arrange these holes. This hole arrangement helps to control the degree and direction of rock fragmentation after blasting. The deep hole blasting design according to the on-site blasting conditions refers to the need to consider the specific conditions on site, such as the type and hardness of the rock, and the surrounding environmental factors, when designing the blasting plan to determine the most suitable blasting parameters; Deep hole drilling construction refers to actually drilling a deep hole in the rock to facilitate the subsequent placement of explosives. The depth and diameter of the deep hole need to be determined based on the design plan.
[0007] Optionally, in step S2, using theoretical calculation to solve refers to using the principles of mathematics and physics to calculate the stress distribution during the blasting process. The non-tensile stress zone between deep hole charges: There is an area between two deep holes filled with explosives. In this area, the stress waves generated by the blasting cancel each other out, resulting in the rock in this area not being subjected to tensile stress; The stress waves generated by the explosion of two explosive packages are oblique: When two explosive packages are exploded, the stress waves generated by them will meet at a certain angle. This angle is not a right angle, but an oblique angle; The range of the tensile stress-free zone is solved when the intersection point is on the vertical center line of the two medicine packages: the "vertical center line" here refers to the straight line connecting the centers of the two medicine packages. The intersection point of the stress wave is exactly on this line. Calculating the position of this intersection point can help determine the range of the tensile stress-free zone.
[0008] Optionally, the trigonometric function relationship established in step S3 is the key to accurately calculate the range of the tensile stress-free zone, wherein: The lateral stress coefficient γ reflects the proportional relationship between the lateral stress and the vertical stress on the rock during the blasting process. Its value directly affects the range and shape of the non-tensile stress zone. The angle β between the charge line and the line between the unit and the charge is an important parameter that describes the relative position of the charge. By adjusting the β angle, the propagation path of the stress wave can be optimized, and then the distribution of the tensile stress-free zone can be regulated to achieve the best blasting effect.
[0009] Optionally, the layout strategy of the short holes in step S4 is formulated based on the accurate calculation of the tensile stress-free zone, and specifically includes: The short holes are arranged on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes to ensure that the stress wave generated by the short hole blasting can complement the stress wave generated by the deep hole blasting to the maximum extent, forming a more favorable crushing effect; The front row of blast holes is just within the range of the non-tensile stress zone to avoid adverse effects on subsequent blast holes when the front row of blast holes are blasted, while ensuring the continuity and uniformity of the blasting; Combined with the actual operability of on-site drilling, short holes are arranged at equidistant locations of deep holes in the area without tensile stress, which takes into account both the accuracy of theoretical calculations and the feasibility and efficiency of actual construction.
[0010] Optionally, the hole-by-hole and row-by-row detonation method in step S7, and treating short holes as separate rows for differential detonation, are key measures to control the blasting effect and reduce the bulk rate, specifically including: Detonating hole by hole and row by row can ensure that the energy generated by each blast hole is fully utilized, avoiding excessive fragmentation or energy waste caused by energy superposition; The short holes are used as a separate row for micro-difference detonation, which can accurately control the time difference between short hole blasting and deep hole blasting, so that the stress waves generated by the two can be superimposed on each other at the best time, enhancing the crushing effect and reducing the generation of large rocks; This detonation method also requires strict compliance with design requirements to ensure the accuracy of the detonation sequence and time to achieve the best blasting effect and safety.
[0011] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present application uses the deep-shallow hole coupling blasting technology and the characteristics of the tensile stress-free zone to optimize the stress wave distribution during the blasting process, reduce excessive rock fragmentation and the generation of large rock pieces, and combine the deep-shallow hole blasting to make the explosion energy distribution more uniform, avoiding the problem of uneven explosion energy distribution along the axis of the deep hole caused by the blasting charge being mainly located in the middle and bottom of the deep hole due to the long blockage section of the deep hole. The explosion energy of the blasting charge in the shallow hole makes up for the lack of explosion energy in the upper part of the blasting zone, thereby reducing the large block rate; The combination of deep and shallow hole blasting enables the front and rear rows of blast holes to work synergistically, optimizes the distribution of explosive energy, and improves the blasting effect. The control method of hole-by-hole and row-by-row with micro-difference detonation ensures that the energy generated by the blasting of each blast hole is fully utilized, avoiding excessive crushing or energy waste caused by energy superposition, reducing the rate of blasting large blocks, reducing the workload of secondary blasting and mechanical crushing, and improving the shoveling efficiency. After blasting, the rock block size is more uniform, which is conducive to subsequent excavation and loading operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the step blasting method for reducing the rate of large blasting blocks by deep and shallow coupling according to the present invention.
[0013] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the oblique intersection of stress waves generated by the explosion of two explosive packs of the present invention.
[0014] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the range of the tensile stress-free zone on the vertical center line of the two medicine packages of the present invention.
[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of short holes at equidistant locations of deep holes in a region without tensile stress according to the present invention.
[0016] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-deep hole, 2-short hole, 3-step. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the new embodiments of the system. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0018] Example: like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a step blasting method for reducing the blasting bulk rate by deep and shallow coupling. The method comprises the following steps: S1: On the step 3 in the blasting area, a triangle or plum blossom-shaped hole arrangement is used, and a deep hole 1 blasting design is performed according to the on-site blasting conditions, and a deep hole 1 is drilled and constructed; S2: Use theoretical calculation to solve the tensile stress-free zone between the charges in deep hole 1, and solve the tensile stress-free zone range where the stress waves generated by the blasting of the two charges intersect obliquely and the intersection point is on the vertical center line of the two charges; S3: Establish trigonometric functions to obtain the range of the tensile stress-free zone on the vertical center lines of the two medicine packages; The trigonometric functions are:
[0019] Where γ is the lateral stress coefficient, β is the angle between the line connecting the charge and the line connecting the unit body and the charge S4: Combined with the distribution range of the tensile stress-free zone, the short hole 2 should be arranged in the tensile stress-free zone on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes 1. At the same time, the front row of blastholes is just in the tensile stress-free zone. Therefore, combined with the actual operability of on-site perforation, it is finally determined that the short hole 2 is arranged at an equidistant position of the deep hole 1 in the tensile stress-free zone; S5: drilling and constructing a short hole 2 according to the above calculation results; S6: charging the deep hole 1 and the short hole 2 obtained through construction, and plugging the blastholes after charging; S7: According to the design requirements, the detonation shall be carried out hole by hole and row by row, and the short hole 2 shall be regarded as a separate row with micro-difference detonation.
[0020] The present application adopts a triangular or plum blossom-shaped hole arrangement on the step 3 in the area to be blasted, and designs the deep hole 1 blasting according to the on-site conditions, thereby improving the pertinence and adaptability of the blasting, helping to control the degree and direction of rock crushing, and using theoretical calculations to solve the tensile stress-free zone between the deep hole 1 charges, and arranging the short holes 2 accordingly, which can reduce excessive crushing caused by the superposition of stress waves, thereby reducing the rate of large blasting blocks, and accurately calculating the range of the tensile stress-free zone through trigonometric functions, thereby improving the accuracy and scientificity of the calculation, and providing a theoretical basis for the reasonable arrangement of the short holes 2. The method of hole-by-hole, row-by-row, and short hole 2 micro-difference detonation can optimize the blasting energy distribution, enhance the crushing effect, and at the same time reduce the generation of large rocks, thereby improving the blasting efficiency.
[0021] Optionally, the step 3 of the area to be blasted in step S1 refers to a specific area to be blasted, which is a rock part that needs to be removed during mining or construction; The triangular or plum blossom-shaped hole arrangement refers to the arrangement of blasting holes. When drilling holes in rock, a triangular or plum blossom-shaped pattern is selected to arrange these holes. This hole arrangement helps to control the degree and direction of rock fragmentation after blasting. The deep hole 1 blasting design according to the on-site blasting conditions refers to the need to consider the specific conditions on site, such as the type and hardness of the rock, and the surrounding environmental factors, when designing the blasting plan to determine the most suitable blasting parameters; The drilling construction of the deep hole 1 refers to actually drilling a deep hole 1 in the rock for subsequent placement of explosives. The depth and diameter of the deep hole 1 need to be determined according to the design plan.
[0022] The definition of step 3 in the area to be blasted is clarified, making the blasting design more targeted and able to be personalized according to different rock types and environmental conditions. The triangular or plum blossom-shaped hole layout helps to improve the rock size distribution after blasting, reduce the generation of large rocks, and improve the blasting effect. It emphasizes that the deep hole 1 blasting design should be based on the on-site blasting conditions, and takes into account actual factors such as rock type and hardness, which improves the practicality and reliability of the blasting design. The requirement for drilling and constructing the deep hole 1 ensures the quality and accuracy of the blasting hole, providing good conditions for subsequent charging and detonation.
[0023] Optionally, in step S2, using theoretical calculation to solve refers to using the principles of mathematics and physics to calculate the stress distribution during the blasting process. The non-tensile stress zone between the deep hole 1 charges: There is an area between the two deep holes 1 filled with explosives. In this area, the stress waves generated by the blasting cancel each other out, resulting in the rock in this area not being subjected to tensile stress; The stress waves generated by the explosion of two explosive packages are oblique: When two explosive packages are exploded, the stress waves generated by them will meet at a certain angle. This angle is not a right angle, but an oblique angle; The range of the tensile stress-free zone is solved when the intersection point is on the vertical center line of the two medicine packages: the "vertical center line" here refers to the straight line connecting the centers of the two medicine packages. The intersection point of the stress wave is exactly on this line. Calculating the position of this intersection point can help determine the range of the tensile stress-free zone.
[0024] The tensile stress-free zone between the explosive packs in deep hole 1 is solved through theoretical calculation, which reveals the law of stress distribution during blasting, provides a scientific basis for optimizing blasting design, clarifies the calculation method of stress wave oblique intersection and intersection in the tensile stress-free zone, and helps to accurately determine the position and range of the tensile stress-free zone. The calculation of the tensile stress-free zone provides key information for the layout of short hole 2, which helps to reduce stress concentration during blasting and reduce the rate of large blocks.
[0025] Optionally, the trigonometric function relationship established in step S3 is the key to accurately calculate the range of the tensile stress-free zone, wherein: The lateral stress coefficient γ reflects the proportional relationship between the lateral stress and the vertical stress on the rock during the blasting process. Its value directly affects the range and shape of the non-tensile stress zone. The angle β between the charge line and the line between the unit and the charge is an important parameter that describes the relative position of the charge. By adjusting the β angle, the propagation path of the stress wave can be optimized, and then the distribution of the tensile stress-free zone can be regulated to achieve the best blasting effect.
[0026] A trigonometric function relationship was established to accurately calculate the range of the tensile stress-free zone, which improved the accuracy and efficiency of the calculation. The introduction of the lateral stress coefficient γ took into account the influence of the lateral stress of the rock during the blasting process, making the calculation more in line with the actual situation. The adjustment of the angle β between the charge line and the unit body and charge line optimized the propagation path of the stress wave, which helped to regulate the distribution of the tensile stress-free zone and achieve the best blasting effect.
[0027] Optionally, the layout strategy of the short holes 2 in step S4 is formulated based on the precise calculation of the tensile stress-free zone, and specifically includes: The short hole 2 is arranged on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes 1 to ensure that the stress wave generated by the blasting of the short hole 2 can complement the stress wave generated by the blasting of the deep hole 1 to the maximum extent, thus forming a more favorable crushing effect; The front row of blast holes is just within the range of the non-tensile stress zone to avoid adverse effects on subsequent blast holes when the front row of blast holes are blasted, while ensuring the continuity and uniformity of the blasting; Combined with the actual operability of on-site perforation, the short holes 2 are arranged at equal distances from the deep holes 1 in the area without tensile stress, which takes into account both the accuracy of theoretical calculation and the feasibility and efficiency of actual construction.
[0028] The short hole 2 is arranged on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes 1, which ensures that the stress wave generated when the short hole 2 is blasted can complement the stress wave generated by the deep hole 1 blasting, thereby improving the crushing effect. The front row of blast holes is just within the range of the tensile stress-free zone, thus avoiding the adverse effects of the blasting of the front row of blast holes on the subsequent blast holes, thereby ensuring the continuity and uniformity of the blasting. The short hole 2 is arranged in combination with the actual operability of on-site perforation, which not only takes into account the accuracy of theoretical calculations, but also takes into account the feasibility and efficiency of actual construction, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the blasting operation.
[0029] Optionally, the hole-by-hole and row-by-row detonation method in step S7, and treating the short hole 2 as a separate row for differential detonation, are key measures to control the blasting effect and reduce the bulk rate, specifically including: Detonating hole by hole and row by row can ensure that the energy generated by each blast hole is fully utilized, avoiding excessive fragmentation or energy waste caused by energy superposition; Short hole 2 is used as a separate row for micro-difference detonation, which can accurately control the time difference between the blasting of short hole 2 and the blasting of deep hole 1, so that the stress waves generated by the two can be superimposed on each other at the best time, thereby enhancing the crushing effect and reducing the generation of large rocks; This detonation method also requires strict compliance with design requirements to ensure the accuracy of the detonation sequence and time to achieve the best blasting effect and safety.
[0030] The hole-by-hole and row-by-row detonation method can ensure that the energy generated by the blasting of each blasthole is fully utilized, avoiding excessive crushing or energy waste caused by energy superposition, and improving the blasting efficiency. Short hole 2 is detonated as a separate row with micro-difference, which can accurately control the time difference between the blasting of short hole 2 and the blasting of deep hole 1, so that the stress waves generated by the two are superimposed on each other at the best time, enhancing the crushing effect and reducing the generation of large rocks.
[0031] The present application optimizes the stress wave distribution during the blasting process through the deep and shallow hole coupling blasting technology, and especially utilizes the characteristics of the tensile stress-free zone to reduce excessive rock crushing and the generation of large rocks. The tensile stress-free zone is a region formed by the mutual cancellation of stress waves when two deep hole 1 charges are blasted, and the rock will not be affected by tensile stress in this region. By accurately calculating the range of this region and arranging short holes 2 at appropriate positions, the synergistic effect of deep and shallow hole blasting can be achieved, thereby improving the blasting effect.
[0032] This application includes the following steps during use Deep hole 1 blasting design: On step 3 in the area to be blasted, a deep hole 1 blasting plan is designed according to on-site blasting conditions such as rock type, hardness, surrounding environment, etc. A triangular or plum blossom-shaped hole arrangement is selected to control the degree and direction of rock fragmentation after blasting. A deep hole 1 is drilled and constructed, and the depth and diameter are determined according to the design plan.
[0033] Calculation of the area without tensile stress: Theoretical calculation is used to solve the tensile stress-free zone between the deep hole 1 charges, the oblique intersection of the stress waves generated by the blasting of the two charges is analyzed, and the range of the tensile stress-free zone with the intersection point on the vertical center line of the two charges is determined.
[0034] Trigonometric function to solve the tensile stress-free zone: A trigonometric function relationship is established, and the lateral stress coefficient γ and the angle β between the line connecting the cartridge and the line connecting the unit body and the cartridge are considered. The range of the tensile stress-free zone is accurately calculated through trigonometric functions, providing a basis for the layout of the short hole 2.
[0035] Short hole 2 layout: According to the distribution range of the tensile stress-free zone, the short holes 2 are arranged in the tensile stress-free zone on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes 1 to ensure that the front row of blastholes are exactly within the tensile stress-free zone to avoid adverse effects on subsequent blastholes. Combined with the actual operability of on-site perforation, the positions of the short holes 2 are finally determined and are usually arranged at equidistant locations of the deep holes 1 in the tensile stress-free zone.
[0036] Drilling short hole 2: According to the calculation results, a short hole 2 is drilled at the designated location.
[0037] Charge and hole blockage: Charge is charged according to the deep hole 1 and the short hole 2 obtained through construction. After charging, the blast holes are blocked to ensure the blasting effect.
[0038] Detonation method: A hole-by-hole and row-by-row detonation method is adopted to ensure that the energy generated by the blasting of each blasthole is fully utilized. The short hole 2 is regarded as a separate row for micro-difference detonation, and the time difference between the blasting of short hole 2 and the blasting of deep hole 1 is accurately controlled. Through micro-difference detonation, the stress waves generated by the blasting of deep and shallow holes are superimposed on each other at the best time, thereby enhancing the crushing effect and reducing the generation of large rocks.
[0039] The present application uses the deep-shallow hole coupling blasting technology and the characteristics of the tensile stress-free zone to optimize the stress wave distribution during the blasting process, reduce excessive rock crushing and the generation of large rocks, and combine deep and shallow hole blasting to make the explosion energy distribution more uniform, thereby avoiding the problem of uneven explosion energy distribution along the axis of the deep hole 1 caused by the blasting charge being mainly located in the middle and bottom of the deep hole 1 due to the long blockage section of the deep hole 1. The explosion energy of the blasting charge in the shallow hole makes up for the lack of explosion energy in the upper part of the blasting zone, thereby reducing the large block rate.
[0040] The combination of deep and shallow hole blasting enables the front and rear rows of blast holes to work synergistically, optimizes the distribution of explosive energy, and improves the blasting effect. The control method of hole-by-hole and row-by-row with micro-difference detonation ensures that the energy generated by the blasting of each blast hole is fully utilized, avoiding excessive crushing or energy waste caused by energy superposition, reducing the rate of blasting large blocks, reducing the workload of secondary blasting and mechanical crushing, and improving the shoveling efficiency. After blasting, the rock block size is more uniform, which is conducive to subsequent excavation and loading operations.
[0041] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A step blasting method for reducing the rate of large blasting blocks by coupling deep and shallow blasting, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: On the steps of the blasting area, the holes are arranged in a triangular or plum blossom shape, and the deep hole blasting design is carried out according to the on-site blasting conditions, and the deep holes are drilled and constructed; S2: Use theoretical calculation to solve the tensile stress-free zone between deep-hole explosive packages, and solve the tensile stress-free zone range where the stress waves generated by the blasting of the two explosive packages intersect obliquely and the intersection point is on the vertical center line of the two explosive packages; S3: Establish trigonometric functions to obtain the range of the tensile stress-free zone on the vertical center lines of the two medicine packages; The trigonometric functions are: Where γ is the lateral stress coefficient, β is the angle between the line connecting the charge and the line connecting the unit body and the charge S4: Combined with the distribution range of the tensile stress-free zone, the short holes should be arranged in the tensile stress-free zone on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes. At the same time, the front row of blastholes is just in the tensile stress-free zone. Therefore, combined with the actual operability of on-site perforation, it is finally determined that the short holes will be arranged at equal distances from the deep holes in the tensile stress-free zone. S5: Drilling and constructing short holes according to the above calculation results; S6: Charge the deep holes and short holes obtained through construction, and plug the blast holes after charging; S7: Detonate hole by hole and row by row as per design requirements, with short holes treated as separate rows with micro-difference detonation.
2. The step blasting method for reducing the rate of large blasting blocks by deep and shallow coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step in the area to be blasted in step S1 refers to a specific area to be blasted, which is a rock part that needs to be removed during mining or construction; The triangular or plum blossom-shaped hole arrangement refers to the arrangement of blasting holes. When drilling holes in rock, a triangular or plum blossom-shaped pattern is selected to arrange these holes. This hole arrangement helps to control the degree and direction of rock fragmentation after blasting. The deep hole blasting design according to the on-site blasting conditions refers to the need to consider the specific conditions on site, such as the type and hardness of the rock, and the surrounding environmental factors, when designing the blasting plan to determine the most suitable blasting parameters; Deep hole drilling construction refers to actually drilling a deep hole in the rock to facilitate the subsequent placement of explosives. The depth and diameter of the deep hole need to be determined based on the design plan.
3. The step blasting method for reducing the rate of large blasting blocks by deep and shallow coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, using theoretical calculation to solve refers to using the principles of mathematics and physics to calculate the stress distribution during the blasting process. The non-tensile stress zone between deep hole charges: There is an area between two deep holes filled with explosives. In this area, the stress waves generated by the blasting cancel each other out, resulting in the rock in this area not being subjected to tensile stress; The stress waves generated by the explosion of two explosive packages are oblique: When two explosive packages are exploded, the stress waves generated by them will meet at a certain angle. This angle is not a right angle, but an oblique angle; The range of the tensile stress-free zone is solved when the intersection point is on the vertical center line of the two medicine packages: the "vertical center line" here refers to the straight line connecting the centers of the two medicine packages. The intersection point of the stress wave is exactly on this line. Calculating the position of this intersection point can help determine the range of the tensile stress-free zone.
4. The step blasting method for reducing the rate of large blasting blocks by deep and shallow coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The trigonometric function relationship established in step S3 is the key to accurately calculate the range of the tensile stress-free zone, where: The lateral stress coefficient γ reflects the proportional relationship between the lateral stress and the vertical stress on the rock during the blasting process. Its value directly affects the range and shape of the non-tensile stress zone. The angle β between the charge line and the line between the unit and the charge is an important parameter that describes the relative position of the charge. By adjusting the β angle, the propagation path of the stress wave can be optimized, and then the distribution of the tensile stress-free zone can be regulated to achieve the best blasting effect.
5. The step blasting method for reducing the rate of large blasting blocks by deep and shallow coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The layout strategy of the short holes in step S4 is formulated based on the accurate calculation of the tensile stress-free zone, and specifically includes: The short holes are arranged on the perpendicular bisector of the two deep holes to ensure that the stress wave generated by the short hole blasting can complement the stress wave generated by the deep hole blasting to the maximum extent, forming a more favorable crushing effect; The front row of blast holes is just within the range of the non-tensile stress zone to avoid adverse effects on subsequent blast holes when the front row of blast holes are blasted, while ensuring the continuity and uniformity of the blasting; Combined with the actual operability of on-site drilling, short holes are arranged at equidistant locations of deep holes in the area without tensile stress, which takes into account both the accuracy of theoretical calculations and the feasibility and efficiency of actual construction.
6. The step blasting method for reducing the rate of large blasting blocks by deep and shallow coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hole-by-hole and row-by-row detonation method in step S7, as well as treating short holes as separate rows for micro-difference detonation, are key measures to control the blasting effect and reduce the bulk rate, and specifically include: Detonating hole by hole and row by row can ensure that the energy generated by each blast hole is fully utilized, avoiding excessive fragmentation or energy waste caused by energy superposition; The short holes are used as a separate row for micro-difference detonation, which can accurately control the time difference between short hole blasting and deep hole blasting, so that the stress waves generated by the two can be superimposed on each other at the best time, enhancing the crushing effect and reducing the generation of large rocks; This detonation method also requires strict compliance with design requirements to ensure the accuracy of the detonation sequence and time to achieve the best blasting effect and safety.