Tension wire type rock-fill dam panel void deformation monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tension wire type rock-fill dam panel void deformation monitoring system and monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of dam safety monitoring of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The system comprises a rock-fill dam, a dam body deformation measuring device and a panel deformation measuring device, a cushion layer is arranged on the upstream slope surface of a main rock-fill area of the rock-fill dam, a panel is arranged on the upstream slope surface of the cushion layer, the dam body deformation measuring device is arranged on the cushion layer and located in the panel, and the panel deformation measuring device is arranged on the panel. The upper end of the dam body deformation measuring device is arranged on the dam top of the rock-fill dam, the panel deformation measuring device is arranged on the panel, and the upper end of the panel deformation measuring device is arranged on the dam top of the rock-fill dam. All the fixed measuring points transmit displacement in a pure mechanical mode, the fixed measuring points cannot be damaged by construction after being installed and can also completely adapt to the severe environment of long-term high reservoir water pressure and dam deformation, and the damage rate of the instrument is remarkably reduced. In addition, each fixed measuring point can work independently and does not influence each other, so that the monitoring precision and reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system and monitoring method, belonging to the technical field of dam safety monitoring of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Background Art

[0002] For a face rockfill dam, under the influence of unfavorable factors such as excessive deformation of the dam body, uncoordinated deformation of the face and dam body, and rise and fall of the reservoir water level, the face may be hollowed out and deformed, which may cause cracks or even fractures, leading to serious leakage in the dam, greatly affecting the construction and operation safety of the project. Therefore, in engineering, hollowing meters are usually installed at key locations of typical face panels to monitor their hollowing deformation.

[0003] However, the traditional degassing meter is composed of two large-range displacement meters. The accuracy of its observation results is affected by the two displacement meters. At the same time, since the sensor is an electrical measuring instrument, under the harsh environment of long-term high reservoir water pressure and dam deformation, the instrument itself and its cables will be damaged, causing the entire degassing meter to be scrapped and unable to continue observation. It has poor long-term stability, low accuracy and high damage rate. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system and monitoring method.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A tension line type rockfill dam panel hollowing deformation monitoring system comprises a rockfill dam, a dam body deformation measuring device and a panel deformation measuring device, wherein a cushion layer is provided on the upstream slope surface of the main rockfill area of ​​the rockfill dam, a panel is provided on the upstream slope surface of the cushion layer, the dam body deformation measuring device is provided on the cushion layer and located in the panel, and the upper end of the dam body deformation measuring device is provided on the dam crest of the rockfill dam, and the panel deformation measuring device is provided on the panel, and the upper end of the panel deformation measuring device is provided on the dam crest of the rockfill dam.

[0007] The dam body deformation measuring device comprises a strain mechanism and a measuring mechanism. The strain mechanism is arranged obliquely along the upstream slope of the cushion layer. The measuring mechanism is arranged on the top of the rockfill dam and connected to the upper end of the strain mechanism.

[0008] The panel deformation measuring device comprises a strain mechanism and a measuring mechanism. The strain mechanism is arranged obliquely along the upstream slope of the panel. The measuring mechanism is arranged on the top of the rockfill dam and connected to the upper end of the strain mechanism.

[0009] The strain mechanism comprises a protection tube and a plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires arranged side by side in the protection tube.

[0010] The protective pipe comprises a plurality of coaxially arranged galvanized steel pipes, and two adjacent galvanized steel pipes are connected by an expansion joint.

[0011] The connection between the galvanized steel pipe and the expansion joint is sealed by wrapping geotextile; a branching card is arranged inside the galvanized steel pipe.

[0012] The upper ends of the plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires are connected to the measuring mechanism, and the lower ends are passed through the lower ends of the plurality of galvanized steel pipes one by one and are connected to anchor plates, which are connected to the cushion layer or the panel through expansion screws.

[0013] The measuring mechanism comprises a plurality of measuring heads, and the plurality of measuring heads are connected to the upper ends of a plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires in the strain mechanism in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0014] The measuring head includes a dial, a servo motor and an odometer. The dial is a circular disk with a measuring range of 0° to 360°, which is used to read the inclination angle of the high-strength stainless steel wire. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire and is used to tension the high-strength stainless steel wire. The odometer is used to measure the telescopic displacement of the high-strength stainless steel wire.

[0015] A monitoring method for a tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Before the panel reinforcement is tied, the dam deformation measuring device is installed on the cushion layer and the top of the rockfill dam to form the first measuring line of the dam deformation;

[0017] Step 2: After the panel concrete construction is completed, the panel deformation measuring device is installed on the panel and the dam top of the rockfill dam to form a second measurement line of the panel deformation;

[0018] Step 3: Control all servo motors in the dam deformation measuring device to tension all high-strength stainless steel wires in the dam deformation measuring device to a fixed tension and maintain the tension so that each high-strength stainless steel wire is in a tensioned state, and then read the initial length l of each high-strength stainless steel wire under the fixed tension. 坝体 , Initial mileage value Get the mileage value of each high-strength stainless steel wire at any time The tilt angle α is calculated, and the deformation of the dam at any time is:

[0019]

[0020] Step 4: All servo motors in the panel deformation measuring device correspondingly tension all high-strength stainless steel wires in the panel deformation measuring device to a fixed tension and maintain it, so that each high-strength stainless steel wire is in a tensioned state, and then read the initial length l of each high-strength stainless steel wire under the fixed tension. 面板, Initial mileage value Get the mileage value of each high-strength stainless steel wire at any time Tilt angle β, and calculate the panel deformation at any time as:

[0021]

[0022] Step 4: Align all measuring points on the first measuring line with all measuring points on the second measuring line, and calculate the panel's air displacement deformation T at any measuring point as follows:

[0023]

[0024] The method of installing the dam body deformation measuring device on the cushion layer and the top of the rockfill dam in step 1 comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step A: excavating a plurality of trenches on the upstream slope of the cushion layer, then cleaning and leveling the trenches, and manually compacting the trench bottoms;

[0026] Step B, place the galvanized steel pipes in the dam deformation measuring device into the grooves on the cushion layer one by one, and fix the anchor plate at the lower end of the high-strength stainless steel wire to the precast concrete base in the corresponding groove by expansion screws;

[0027] Step C, backfill the trench with the same material as the cushion layer, compact and level it, and then connect the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire to the measuring mechanism installed on the top of the rockfill dam;

[0028] The method for installing the panel deformation measuring device on the panel and the dam crest of the rockfill dam in the step 2 is: firstly place the strain mechanism in the panel deformation measuring device on the upstream slope of the panel, and pre-fix the galvanized steel pipe with a pipe clamp, and then respectively fix the anchor plate at the lower end of each high-strength stainless steel wire to the panel by expansion screws, and then tighten the pipe clamp, and finally connect the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire to the measuring mechanism installed on the dam crest of the rockfill dam.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] Specifically, the present invention arranges fixed measuring points on the surface of the panel and the cushion layer that can deform synchronously with the panel and the dam body. The fixed measuring points are driven by high-strength stainless steel wires to drive the measuring mechanism installed on the top of the dam. Then, by measuring the rotational displacement of the servo motor output shaft and the inclination angle of the high-strength stainless steel wire, the deformation of the panel and the dam body can be calculated respectively. Based on this, the differential deformation between the panel and the dam body can be calculated to know the hollowing deformation of the panel, thereby realizing the measurement of the hollowing deformation of the panel. Moreover, all fixed measuring points use a purely mechanical method to transmit displacement. After installation, the fixed measuring points will not be damaged by construction, and can fully adapt to the harsh environment of long-term high reservoir water pressure and dam deformation, significantly reducing the damage rate of the instrument. In addition, each fixed measuring point can work independently without affecting each other, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the measurement point arrangement of the strain mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1-main rockfill area, 2-cushion, 3-galvanized steel pipe, 4-high-strength stainless steel wire, 5-anchor plate, 6-measuring mechanism, 7-panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a tension line type rockfill dam panel hollowing deformation monitoring system described in the present invention comprises a rockfill dam, a dam body deformation measuring device and a panel deformation measuring device. A cushion layer 2 is provided on the upstream slope of the main rockfill area 1 of the rockfill dam, and a panel 7 is provided on the upstream slope of the cushion layer 2. The dam body deformation measuring device is arranged on the cushion layer 2 and located in the panel 7, and the upper end of the dam body deformation measuring device is arranged on the dam crest of the rockfill dam. The panel deformation measuring device is arranged on the panel 7, and the upper end of the panel deformation measuring device is arranged on the dam crest of the rockfill dam.

[0036] The dam deformation measuring device comprises a strain mechanism and a measuring mechanism 6. The strain mechanism is arranged obliquely along the upstream slope of the cushion layer 2. The measuring mechanism 6 is arranged on the top of the rockfill dam and connected to the upper end of the strain mechanism.

[0037] The panel deformation measuring device comprises a strain mechanism and a measuring mechanism 6. The strain mechanism is arranged obliquely along the upstream slope of the panel 7. The measuring mechanism 6 is arranged on the top of the rockfill dam and connected to the upper end of the strain mechanism.

[0038] The strain mechanism comprises a protection tube and a plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires 4 arranged side by side in the protection tube.

[0039] The protective pipe includes a plurality of coaxially arranged galvanized steel pipes 3, and two adjacent galvanized steel pipes 3 are connected by an expansion joint. When in use, the arrangement position of each galvanized steel pipe 3 is a measuring point; the projections of all galvanized steel pipes 3 on the cushion layer 2 in the panel deformation measuring device correspond to and overlap with the projections of all galvanized steel pipes 3 on the cushion layer 2 in the dam body deformation measuring device. Two adjacent galvanized steel pipes 3 are connected by an expansion joint to adapt to the deformation of the dam body.

[0040] The connection between the galvanized steel pipe 3 and the expansion joint is sealed with geotextile; a wire splitter is provided inside the galvanized steel pipe 3. When in use, the connection between the galvanized steel pipe 3 and the expansion joint is sealed with geotextile to prevent soil and rocks from entering the pipe. A plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires 4 are passed through the wire splitter, ensuring that the high-strength stainless steel wires 4 can move freely while preventing the high-strength stainless steel wires 4 from being entangled or bent.

[0041] The upper ends of the plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires 4 are connected to the measuring mechanism 6, and the lower ends are passed through the lower ends of the plurality of galvanized steel pipes 3 one by one and connected to the anchor plates 5, which are connected to the cushion layer 2 or the panel 7 through expansion screws.

[0042] The measuring mechanism 6 includes a plurality of measuring heads, which are connected one by one to the upper ends of the plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires 4 in the strain mechanism;

[0043] The measuring head includes a dial, a servo motor and an odometer. The dial is a circular disk with a measuring range of 0° to 360°, which is used to read the inclination angle of the high-strength stainless steel wire 4. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire 4 and is used to tension the high-strength stainless steel wire 4. The odometer is used to measure the telescopic displacement of the high-strength stainless steel wire 4.

[0044] A monitoring method for a tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system comprises the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Before the panel reinforcement binding construction, the dam body deformation measuring device is installed on the cushion layer 2 and the dam top of the rockfill dam to form the first measuring line of the dam body deformation;

[0046] Step 2: After the panel concrete construction is completed, the panel deformation measuring device is installed on the panel 7 and the top of the rockfill dam to form a second measurement line of the panel deformation;

[0047] Step 3: Control all servo motors in the dam deformation measuring device to tension all high-strength stainless steel wires 4 in the dam deformation measuring device to a fixed tension and maintain the tension so that each high-strength stainless steel wire 4 is in a tensioned state, and then read the initial length l of each high-strength stainless steel wire 4 under the fixed tension. 坝体 , Initial mileage value Get the mileage value of each high-strength stainless steel wire 4 at any time The tilt angle α is calculated, and the deformation of the dam at any time is:

[0048]

[0049] Step 4: All servo motors in the panel deformation measuring device correspondingly tension all high-strength stainless steel wires 4 in the panel deformation measuring device to a fixed tension and maintain it, so that each high-strength stainless steel wire 4 is in a tensioned state, and then read the initial length l of each high-strength stainless steel wire 4 under the fixed tension. 面板 , Initial mileage value Get the mileage value of each high-strength stainless steel wire 4 at any time Tilt angle β, and calculate the panel deformation at any time as:

[0050]

[0051] Step 4: align all measuring points on the first measuring line with all measuring points on the second measuring line, and calculate the hollow deformation T of the panel 7 at any measuring point as:

[0052]

[0053] When in use, the number of measuring points on the first measuring line is the same as the number of measuring points on the second measuring line. Tilt angle α, or mileage value When the tilt angle β is reached, the corresponding high-strength stainless steel wire 4 is tensioned to a fixed tension force by the servo motor.

[0054] The method of installing the dam body deformation measuring device on the cushion layer 2 and the top of the rockfill dam in step 1 comprises the following steps:

[0055] Step A, excavating a plurality of grooves on the upstream slope of the cushion layer 2, then cleaning and leveling the inside of the grooves, and manually compacting the bottom of the grooves;

[0056] Step B, put the galvanized steel pipes 3 in the dam deformation measuring device into the grooves on the cushion layer 2 one by one, and fix the anchor plate 5 at the lower end of the high-strength stainless steel wire 4 on the precast concrete base in the corresponding groove by expansion screws;

[0057] Step C, backfill the trench with the same material as the cushion layer 2, compact and level it, and then connect the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire 4 to the measuring mechanism 6 installed on the top of the rockfill dam;

[0058] The method for installing the panel deformation measuring device on the panel 7 and the top of the rockfill dam in the step 2 is: first place the strain mechanism in the panel deformation measuring device on the upstream slope of the panel 7, and pre-fix the galvanized steel pipe 3 with a pipe clamp, and then fix the anchor plate 5 at the lower end of each high-strength stainless steel wire 4 to the panel 7 by expansion screws, and then tighten the pipe clamp, and finally connect the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire 4 to the measuring mechanism 6 installed on the top of the rockfill dam.

[0059] Specifically, the present invention arranges fixed measuring points on the surface of the panel 7 and the surface of the cushion layer 2 that can deform synchronously with the panel 7 and the dam body. The fixed measuring points drive the measuring mechanism 6 installed on the top of the dam through the high-strength stainless steel wire 4, and then by measuring the rotation displacement of the servo motor output shaft and the inclination angle of the high-strength stainless steel wire, the deformation of the panel 7 and the dam body can be calculated respectively, and the differential deformation between the panel 7 and the dam body can be calculated accordingly, so that the hollow deformation of the panel 7 can be known, and the hollow deformation of the panel can be measured. Moreover, all fixed measuring points use a purely mechanical method to transmit displacement. After installation, the fixed measuring points will not be damaged by construction, and can fully adapt to the harsh environment of long-term high reservoir water pressure and dam deformation, which significantly reduces the damage rate of the instrument. In addition, each fixed measuring point can work independently without affecting each other, which improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.

Claims

1. A tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system, characterized by: The invention comprises a rockfill dam, a dam body deformation measuring device and a panel deformation measuring device. A cushion layer (2) is provided on the upstream slope of a main rockfill area (1) of the rockfill dam, a panel (7) is provided on the upstream slope of the cushion layer (2), the dam body deformation measuring device is provided on the cushion layer (2) and is located in the panel (7), and the upper end of the dam body deformation measuring device is provided on the dam crest of the rockfill dam, the panel deformation measuring device is provided on the panel (7), and the upper end of the panel deformation measuring device is provided on the dam crest of the rockfill dam.

2. The tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dam body deformation measuring device comprises a strain mechanism and a measuring mechanism (6), wherein the strain mechanism is arranged obliquely along the upstream slope of the cushion layer (2), and the measuring mechanism (6) is arranged on the top of the rockfill dam and connected to the upper end of the strain mechanism.

3. The tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The panel deformation measuring device comprises a strain mechanism and a measuring mechanism (6), wherein the strain mechanism is arranged obliquely along the upstream slope of the panel (7), and the measuring mechanism (6) is arranged on the top of the rockfill dam and connected to the upper end of the strain mechanism.

4. The tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The strain mechanism comprises a protection tube and a plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires (4) arranged side by side in the protection tube.

5. The tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective pipe comprises a plurality of coaxially arranged galvanized steel pipes (3), and two adjacent galvanized steel pipes (3) are connected via an expansion joint.

6. The tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connection between the galvanized steel pipe (3) and the expansion joint is sealed by wrapping a geotextile; a branching card is provided inside the galvanized steel pipe (3).

7. The tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper ends of the plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires (4) are connected to the measuring mechanism (6), and the lower ends are passed through the lower ends of the plurality of galvanized steel pipes (3) one by one and are connected to anchor plates (5), and the anchor plates (5) are connected to the cushion layer (2) or the panel (7) through expansion screws.

8. The tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The measuring mechanism (6) comprises a plurality of measuring heads, and the plurality of measuring heads are connected to the upper ends of the plurality of high-strength stainless steel wires (4) in the strain mechanism in a one-to-one correspondence; The probe comprises a scale plate, a servo motor and an odometer. The scale plate is a circular plate with a measuring range of 0° to 360° and is used to read the inclination angle of the high-strength stainless steel wire (4). The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire (4) and is used to tension the high-strength stainless steel wire (4). The odometer is used to measure the telescopic displacement of the high-strength stainless steel wire (4).

9. A monitoring method for the tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: before the panel reinforcement is tied, a dam body deformation measuring device is installed on the cushion layer (2) and the top of the rockfill dam to form a first measuring line of the dam body deformation; Step 2: After the panel concrete construction is completed, a panel deformation measuring device is installed on the panel (7) and the top of the rockfill dam to form a second measurement line of the panel deformation; Step 3: Control all servo motors in the dam deformation measuring device to tension all high-strength stainless steel wires (4) in the dam deformation measuring device to a fixed tension force and maintain the tension force, so that each high-strength stainless steel wire (4) is in a tensioned state, and then read the initial length l of each high-strength stainless steel wire (4) under the fixed tension force. 坝体 , Initial mileage value Obtain the mileage value of each high-strength stainless steel wire (4) at any time The tilt angle α is calculated, and the deformation of the dam at any time is: Step 4: All servo motors in the panel deformation measuring device correspondingly tension all high-strength stainless steel wires (4) in the panel deformation measuring device to a fixed tension and maintain the tension, so that each high-strength stainless steel wire (4) is in a tensioned state, and then read the initial length l of each high-strength stainless steel wire (4) under the fixed tension. 面板 , Initial mileage value Obtain the mileage value of each high-strength stainless steel wire (4) at any time Tilt angle β, and calculate the panel deformation at any time as: Step 4: align all the measuring points on the first measuring line with all the measuring points on the second measuring line, and calculate the hollow deformation T of the panel (7) at any measuring point as:

10. The monitoring method of the tension line type rockfill dam face plate hollowing deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of installing the dam body deformation measuring device on the cushion layer (2) and the top of the rockfill dam in step 1 comprises the following steps: Step A, excavating a plurality of grooves on the upstream slope of the cushion layer (2), then cleaning and leveling the inside of the grooves, and manually compacting the bottom of the grooves; Step B, placing the galvanized steel pipes (3) in the dam deformation measuring device into the grooves on the cushion layer (2) one by one, and fixing the anchor plate (5) at the lower end of the high-strength stainless steel wire (4) on the precast concrete base in the corresponding groove by means of expansion screws; Step C, backfill the trench with the same material as the cushion layer (2), compact and level it, and then connect the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire (4) to the measuring mechanism (6) installed on the top of the rockfill dam; The method for installing the panel deformation measuring device on the panel (7) and the top of the rockfill dam in the step 2 is as follows: firstly, the strain mechanism in the panel deformation measuring device is placed on the upstream slope of the panel (7), and the galvanized steel pipe (3) is pre-fixed with a pipe clamp, and then the anchor plate (5) at the lower end of each high-strength stainless steel wire (4) is fixed to the panel (7) by expansion screws, and then the pipe clamp is tightened, and finally the upper end of the high-strength stainless steel wire (4) is connected to the measuring mechanism (6) installed on the top of the rockfill dam.

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