Real-time economic operation method of multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on hybrid algorithm

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm, and the method comprises the steps: firstly providing a hydroelectric generating set efficiency penalty term, so as to reduce the low-efficiency operation frequency of a unit; establishing a short-term economic operation model of the multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system considering the water consumption rate and the unit operation efficiency; then, reducing the solving dimension of the model by adopting a multi-type unit coding strategy; secondly, optimizing the startup and shutdown states of the multiple types of units by adopting a black-wing supporting optimization algorithm, calibrating related parameters of an updated population in the black-wing supporting optimization algorithm, and determining load distribution among the multiple types of units based on N-H-Q curves of the multiple types of units; the method can be used for solving the problem of low operation efficiency of multiple types of units due to the fact that each unit of a hydropower station frequently enters an unfavorable operation area under wind and light absorption in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of short-term economic operation research of water-wind-solar complementary systems, and in particular to a real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm. Background Art

[0002] In the short-term economic operation mode of water-wind-solar complementary development with multiple types of units, after being connected to wind and solar power, in order to frequently adjust wind and solar power, the hydropower units may have problems such as crossing vibration zones and operating in low-output zones, thereby reducing the operating efficiency of the units.

[0003] In order to efficiently solve the short-term economic operation of multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary systems, existing research mainly has the following key technologies: 1. Constructing a short-term model. In order to better deal with the multi-dimensional uncertainty faced by multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary systems, robust optimization, interval optimization and stochastic optimization have gradually become important methods for short-term scheduling modeling; 2. Model solution method. The short-term optimization scheduling model of multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary systems is a type of nonlinear, non-convex, high-dimensional, multi-stage mathematical programming model. The complexity of the model stems from factors such as strong uncertainty of input, power station operation and physical constraints, and diverse scheduling objectives, which poses a challenge to its efficient solution. In order to efficiently obtain the optimal short-term scheduling strategy, methods such as mixed integer linear programming, intelligent optimization algorithm and hybrid optimization algorithm are widely used to solve the short-term optimization scheduling problem of multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary systems; 3. Operation risk assessment; The risks faced by the short-term scheduling of water-wind-solar complementary systems are mainly: hydropower units need to frequently adjust wind and light, which may lead to unit wear and reduced operating efficiency. The main idea of ​​the related research is: first construct risk assessment indicators to quantify risks, and then embed them into the scheduling model to reduce risks; the above existing technologies have the following disadvantages: 1. High optimization dimension and high difficulty in solving: First, multiple types of units increase the number of decision variables, resulting in a high dimension of model solution. Secondly, the volatility and randomness of wind and solar resources increase the complexity of the optimization scheduling strategy, which requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, such as the operating efficiency, water consumption, and start-up and shutdown costs of each unit. This significantly increases the dimension and complexity of the optimization problem and increases the difficulty of solving; 2. Under complementary operation, due to the need to frequently adjust wind and solar, hydropower units may have problems running through vibration zones and low output zones, thereby reducing the operating efficiency of the units; current research has not yet found a specific solution, and it is impossible to take into account both water consumption rate and unit operating efficiency at the same time to effectively carry out short-term economic operation methods for multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary systems.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a real-time economic operation method for a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a real-time economic operation method for a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm. The method is used to solve the problem in the prior art that the various units of a hydropower station frequently enter an unfavorable operating area under wind and solar consumption, resulting in low operating efficiency of multiple types of units.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A real-time economic operation method for a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm comprises the following steps: S1, establish a short-term economic operation model for a multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary system that takes into account water consumption rate and unit operation efficiency: Establish the objective function: ; In the formula, is the total water consumption rate of the hydropower station in period t; a represents the weight corresponding to the water consumption rate; b represents the weight of the unit operation efficiency penalty item; Set up constraints: Set physical and dispatching constraints for reservoirs, hydropower stations and water-wind-solar hybrid systems, including minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints, water balance constraints and reservoir capacity constraints; S2, adopts a multi-type unit coding strategy to handle the minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints, and reduces the solution dimension of the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system; S3, using the Black Kite optimization algorithm to solve the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar hybrid system; S4, calibrate the parameters of the black kite optimization algorithm; S5, calculate the short-term economic operation results of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar hybrid system taking into account water consumption rate and unit operating efficiency.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, is the unit operation efficiency penalty item during period t, which includes the number of low-efficiency operations and the sum of the times below the unit operation efficiency threshold; The calculation method is: ; In the formula, is the total number of units in the multi-unit hydro-wind-solar hybrid system; It is Unit in Operational efficiency at all times; is the unit operating efficiency threshold; is the indicator function, when The value is 1 when the unit is running, otherwise it is 0; b1 is the weight of the total number of units whose operating efficiency is lower than the threshold; b2 is the weight of the total amplitude of the unit operating efficiency lower than the threshold.

[0008] Preferably, the minimum start-stop time constraints include:

[0009] Where: , For the Type The time that the unit is kept on and shut down; , For the Minimum startup and shutdown time of each type of unit.

[0010] Furthermore, water balance constraints include: ; In the formula, They are The initial and final water storage of the time period, in m 3 ; for Average inflow flow during the period, in m 3 / s; for Period time step; Storage capacity constraints include: ; In the formula, for Reservoir water level at the end of the time period, in m; is the water level storage capacity curve function.

[0011] Furthermore, the constraints may include power generation head constraints, hydropower unit dynamic characteristics, water level and reservoir capacity relationship, tail water level and outflow flow, and hydropower unit output constraints.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, a multi-type unit coding strategy is used to process the minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints to reduce the solution dimension of the short-term economic operation model of the hydro-wind-solar complementary system. The specific method is: In the short-term economic operation model of the hydro-wind-solar hybrid system, the decision variable Z is composed of the unit start-up and shutdown state variables The composition is expressed as: ; In the formula, For the Hydropower units during the dispatch period The start and stop status; Adopting the multi-type unit coding strategy, the optimized unit start-up and shutdown status is transformed into the optimized time node and the number of units started for each type of unit: Between two adjacent time nodes, the number of units in operation remains unchanged, and the time nodes at which the operation time of various types of units changes are different; after the coding strategy processing of multiple types of units, the coding strategy of the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system is expressed as: ; In the formula, The number of time periods during which the number of units in operation remains unchanged during the regulation period; , Respectively The unit is in Time nodes and number of powered-on machines.

[0013] Preferably, the black kite optimization algorithm is used to solve the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system, including using the black kite optimization algorithm to optimize the start and close states of multiple types of units in each scheduling period T; the specific method is: The Black Kite Optimization Algorithm uses population as the basic unit during the update process and first generates an initial population; To update the population: ; In the formula, Each type of unit In the The start and stop state of the generation, Each type of unit In the The start and stop status of the generation; It is The start and stop status of the optimal unit; and is the weight coefficient, which is used to determine the weight of the current start / stop state of the unit moving toward the optimal start / stop state and other start / stop states of the unit; Is an individual The fitness weight of is the population size; r is A random number between .

[0014] The start and shutdown status of the unit is obtained through the Black Kite optimization algorithm. Based on the unit load characteristic curves of various units, the load distribution among various types of units is determined, and the short-term economic operation research results of the water-wind-solar complementary system with multiple unit types that take into account water consumption rate and unit operating efficiency are calculated.

[0015] Preferably, in the parameters of the black kite optimization algorithm, the parameters that need to be calibrated include the population size , the maximum number of iterations and learning parameters, which include the weights of the population moving toward the optimal individual and other individuals and .

[0016] Furthermore, the load characteristic curve of the unit is the NHQ curve, which is obtained by querying the NHQ curve provided in the factory information of the unit, where N represents output, H represents water head, and Q represents flow rate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The short-term economic operation research of the water-wind-solar complementary system takes into account minimizing the water consumption rate and avoiding low unit operating efficiency, and constructs a short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system with multiple unit types that takes into account both the water consumption rate and the unit operating efficiency. This method not only achieves a balance between the water consumption rate of the power station and the unit operating efficiency, but also effectively handles the continuous start and stop restrictions of the unit, greatly reduces the number of optimization variables, achieves dimensionality reduction, and solves the problem in the existing technology that the units of the hydropower station frequently enter the unfavorable operating area under the wind and solar consumption, resulting in low operating efficiency of multiple types of units. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of operation strategies of different types of units in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 As shown, a real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm includes the following steps: S1, establish a short-term economic operation model for a multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary system that takes into account water consumption rate and unit operation efficiency: Establish the objective function: In the complementary operation mode, the operation mode and power generation efficiency of the hydropower station will change significantly due to the need to frequently adjust wind power and photovoltaic power generation. After connecting to wind and solar power, the operating efficiency of the unit tends to decrease. Therefore, a hydropower unit efficiency penalty term is proposed to reduce the frequency of inefficient operation; by giving priority to the dispatch of units with higher efficiency, the operating efficiency of the entire water-wind-solar complementary system considering multiple unit types can be improved. The objective function is: ; In the formula, is the total water consumption rate of the hydropower station in period t; a represents the weight corresponding to the water consumption rate; b represents the weight of the unit operation efficiency penalty item.

[0020] Set up constraints: Set physical and dispatching constraints for reservoirs, hydropower stations and water-wind-solar hybrid systems, including minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints, water balance constraints and reservoir capacity constraints; S2, adopts a multi-type unit coding strategy to handle the minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints, and reduces the solution dimension of the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system; S3, using the Black Kite optimization algorithm to solve the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar hybrid system; S4, calibrate the parameters of the black kite optimization algorithm; S5, calculate the short-term economic operation results of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar hybrid system taking into account water consumption rate and unit operating efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, is the unit operation efficiency penalty item during period t, which includes the number of low-efficiency operations and the sum of the times below the unit operation efficiency threshold; The calculation method is: ; In the formula, is the total number of units in the multi-unit hydro-wind-solar hybrid system; It is Unit in Operational efficiency at all times; is the unit operating efficiency threshold; is the indicator function, when The value is 1 when the unit is running, otherwise it is 0; b1 is the weight of the total number of units whose operating efficiency is lower than the threshold; b2 is the weight of the total amplitude of the unit operating efficiency lower than the threshold.

[0022] Preferably, the minimum start-stop time constraints include:

[0023] Where: , For the Type The time that the unit is kept on and shut down; , For the Minimum startup and shutdown time of each type of unit.

[0024] Furthermore, water balance constraints include: ; In the formula, They are The initial and final water storage of the time period, in m 3 ; for Average inflow flow during the period, in m 3 / s; for Period time step; Storage capacity constraints include: ; In the formula, for Reservoir water level at the end of the time period, in m; is the water level storage capacity curve function; Furthermore, the constraints may also include power generation head constraints, hydropower unit dynamic characteristics, water level and reservoir capacity relationship, tail water level and outflow flow, and hydropower unit output constraints.

[0025] Preferably, in step S2, a multi-type unit coding strategy is used to process the minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints to reduce the solution dimension of the short-term economic operation model of the hydro-wind-solar complementary system. The specific method is: In the short-term economic operation model of the hydro-wind-solar hybrid system, the decision variable Z is composed of the unit start-up and shutdown state variables The composition is expressed as: ; In the formula, For the Hydropower units during the dispatch period The start and stop status; The more decision variables there are, the higher the dimension of the model is, and the more complex the solution is. In order to effectively handle the minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints; a multi-type unit coding strategy is adopted to convert the optimized unit start-up and shutdown status into the optimized time nodes and the number of units started for each type of unit: Between two adjacent time nodes, the number of units in operation remains unchanged, and the time nodes at which the operation time of various types of units changes are different; after the coding strategy processing of multiple types of units, the coding strategy of the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system is expressed as: ; In the formula, The number of time periods during which the number of units in operation remains unchanged during the regulation period; , Respectively The unit is in Time nodes and number of powered-on machines.

[0026] Preferably, the black kite optimization algorithm is used to solve the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system, including using the black kite optimization algorithm to optimize the start and close states of multiple types of units in each scheduling period T; the specific method is: The Black Kite Optimization Algorithm uses population as the basic unit during the update process and first generates an initial population; To update the population: ; In the formula, Each type of unit In the The start and stop state of the generation, Each type of unit In the The start and stop status of the generation; It is The start and stop status of the optimal unit; and is the weight coefficient, which is used to determine the weight of the current start / stop state of the unit moving toward the optimal start / stop state and other start / stop states of the unit; Is an individual The fitness weight of is the population size; r is A random number between .

[0027] The start and shutdown status of the unit is obtained through the Black Kite optimization algorithm. Based on the unit load characteristic curves of various units, the load distribution among various types of units is determined, and the short-term economic operation research results of the water-wind-solar complementary system with multiple unit types that take into account water consumption rate and unit operating efficiency are calculated.

[0028] Preferably, in the parameters of the black kite optimization algorithm, the parameters that need to be calibrated include the population size , the maximum number of iterations and learning parameters, which include the weights of the population moving toward the optimal individual and other individuals and .

[0029] Furthermore, the load characteristic curve of the unit is the NHQ curve, which is obtained by querying the NHQ curve provided in the factory information of the unit, where N represents output, H represents water head, and Q represents flow rate.

[0030] Embodiment 2: like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, between two adjacent time nodes, the number of units in operation remains unchanged, avoiding frequent changes in the operating status of the units, and the time nodes for the operation time changes of various types of units can be different. After adopting the multi-type unit coding strategy, the coding strategy of the model is expressed as: ; Where: The number of time periods during which the number of units in operation remains unchanged during the regulation period; , Respectively The unit is in Time nodes and number of powered-on units; For example, for a multi-unit hydro-wind-solar complementary system, there are four types of units, with the number of units being 2, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The scheduling cycle is one day, and the calculation step is one hour. is 6. After adopting the coding strategy of multiple types of units, the number of decision variables can be reduced from 264 to 44.

Claims

1. A real-time economic operation method for a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, establish a short-term economic operation model for a multi-unit water-wind-solar complementary system that takes into account water consumption rate and unit operation efficiency: Establish the objective function: ； In the formula, is the total water consumption rate of the hydropower station in period t; a represents the weight corresponding to the water consumption rate; b represents the weight of the unit operation efficiency penalty item; Set up constraints: Set physical and dispatching constraints for reservoirs, hydropower stations and water-wind-solar hybrid systems, including minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints, water balance constraints and reservoir capacity constraints; S2, adopts a multi-type unit coding strategy to handle the minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints, and reduces the solution dimension of the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system; S3, using the Black Kite optimization algorithm to solve the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar hybrid system; S4, calibrate the parameters of the black kite optimization algorithm; S5, calculate the short-term economic operation results of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar hybrid system taking into account water consumption rate and unit operating efficiency.

2. According to the real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: In step S1, is the unit operation efficiency penalty item during period t, which includes the number of low-efficiency operations and the sum of the times below the unit operation efficiency threshold; The calculation method is: ； In the formula, is the total number of units in the multi-unit hydro-wind-solar hybrid system; It is Unit in Operational efficiency at all times; is the unit operating efficiency threshold; is the indicator function, when The value is 1 when the unit is running, otherwise it is 0; b1 is the weight of the total number of units whose operating efficiency is lower than the threshold; b2 is the weight of the total amplitude of the unit operating efficiency lower than the threshold.

3. The real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The minimum start-stop time constraints include: ； Where: , For the Type The time that the unit is kept on and shut down; , For the Minimum startup and shutdown time of each type of unit.

4. The real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S2, a multi-type unit coding strategy is used to process the minimum start-up and shutdown time constraints to reduce the solution dimension of the short-term economic operation model of the hydro-wind-solar complementary system. The specific method is as follows: In the short-term economic operation model of the hydro-wind-solar hybrid system, the decision variable Z is composed of the unit start-up and shutdown state variables The composition is expressed as: ； In the formula, For the Hydropower units during the dispatch period The start and stop status; Adopting the multi-type unit coding strategy, the optimized unit start-up and shutdown status is transformed into the optimized time node and the number of units started for each type of unit: Between two adjacent time nodes, the number of units in operation remains unchanged, and the time nodes at which the operation time of various types of units changes are different; after the coding strategy processing of multiple types of units, the coding strategy of the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system is expressed as: ； In the formula, The number of time periods during which the number of units in operation remains unchanged during the regulation period; , Respectively The unit is in Time nodes and number of powered-on machines.

5. The real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The Black Kite optimization algorithm is used to solve the short-term economic operation model of the water-wind-solar complementary system, including the use of the Black Kite optimization algorithm to optimize the start and close states of multiple types of units in each scheduling period T; the specific method is: The Black Kite Optimization Algorithm uses population as the basic unit during the update process and first generates an initial population; To update the population: ； In the formula, Each type of unit In the The start and stop state of the generation, Each type of unit In the The start and stop status of the generation; It is The start and stop status of the optimal unit; and is the weight coefficient, which is used to determine the weight of the current start / stop state of the unit moving toward the optimal start / stop state and other start / stop states of the unit; Is an individual The fitness weight of is the population size; r is A random number between The start and shutdown status of the unit is obtained through the Black Kite optimization algorithm. Based on the unit load characteristic curves of various units, the load distribution among various types of units is determined, and the short-term economic operation research results of the water-wind-solar complementary system with multiple unit types that take into account water consumption rate and unit operating efficiency are calculated.

6. The real-time economic operation method of a multi-unit type water-wind-solar complementary system based on a hybrid algorithm according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The parameters that need to be calibrated in the black kite optimization algorithm include the population size , the maximum number of iterations and learning parameters, which include the weights of the population moving toward the optimal individual and other individuals and .

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