Combined harvester operation loss rapid detection system and method

Abstract

A system and a method for rapidly detecting operation loss of a combine harvester belong to the technical field of harvester performance detection, and the system comprises an execution device and a control system, the execution device is arranged at the bottom of a rack of the harvester, and the execution device is controlled by the control system. The control system comprises a vehicle speed sensor, a controller, a control terminal, a relay, an electromagnet and a power supply; the relay is controlled by the controller so as to control the on-off of the electromagnet, so that the trays of the execution device are controlled to fall off in sequence, straws and chaff in the trays are cleaned, grains in the trays are collected and weighed, the average value of the entrainment loss of the straws and chaff in the three trays is calculated, and the entrainment loss of the harvester is calculated. The three trays are controlled through the controller, materials such as straw and chaff are automatically collected, the loss condition of the combine harvester is rapidly detected, a large amount of time cost is saved for detection, the safety of detection work is improved, and therefore the economic efficiency and the operation quality of the grain combine harvester are guaranteed to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of harvester performance detection, and in particular relates to a system and method for quickly detecting operation loss of a combine harvester. Background Art

[0002] The grain threshing and cleaning loss rate is an important performance indicator of the grain combine harvester, which directly affects the economic efficiency and operation quality of the combine harvester. The grains threshed by the threshing device and separated by the separation device are mixed with broken and crushed stems, husks, dust and other fine inclusions. The function of the cleaning device is to separate the grains and discharge the fine inclusions out of the machine to obtain clean grains. When testing the threshing and cleaning losses of grain combine harvesters, it is necessary to collect straw and chaff to detect the grain entrainment losses of the harvester. The traditional way of collecting straw and chaff is to manually receive the materials. One inspector stands at each of the four corners of the position where the straw and chaff are discharged. The four people hold a corner of the receiving cloth in front, behind, left and right. When the machine is running and working, the personnel follow the machine. When receiving the command from the commander, the two people in front quickly move the receiving cloth to the bottom of the discharge port, and then quickly move it to the top of the discharge port after receiving the command again. This method has high labor intensity and poor safety. People's reaction speed will affect the accuracy of collection. Based on the above reasons, it is necessary to design an automatic detection system for collecting straw and chaff to quickly detect the losses of grain combine harvesters during harvesting. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to design a system and method for rapid detection of combine harvester operation losses, which can automatically collect materials such as straw and chaff, and quickly detect the losses of the grain combine harvester during harvesting, thereby maximizing the economic efficiency and operation quality of the grain combine harvester.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a rapid detection system for operation loss of a combine harvester, comprising an execution device and a control system, wherein the execution device is arranged at the bottom of a frame of the harvester, and the execution device is controlled by the control system.

[0005] The control system includes a vehicle speed sensor, a controller, a control terminal, a relay, an electromagnet and a power supply; The vehicle speed sensor is installed on the travel gearbox of the harvester to detect the forward speed of the harvester and transmit the data signal to the controller; The control terminal is a display screen at a remote end, used to send distance data and control signals to the controller; The controller is used to receive data from the vehicle speed sensor and the control terminal, and to perform calculations on the received data, and then to send instructions to the relay through the circuit; The relay is used to control the on and off of three groups of electromagnets. Each group of electromagnets consists of two electromagnets connected in parallel, and the three groups of electromagnets are connected in parallel. The power supply supplies power to the controller, relay and electromagnets in the control circuit.

[0006] The electromagnets include an upper tray electromagnet, a middle tray electromagnet and a lower tray electromagnet, and the number of the upper tray electromagnet, the middle tray electromagnet and the lower tray electromagnet are two.

[0007] The actuator includes a connecting channel steel, an upper pallet, a middle pallet, a lower pallet, an upper pallet electromagnet, an upper pallet armature, a middle pallet connecting seat, a middle pallet electromagnet, a middle pallet armature, a lower pallet electromagnet, a lower pallet connecting seat and a lower pallet armature. The connecting channel steel is arranged at the bottom of the frame, the upper pallet electromagnet is installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting channel steel, there are two upper pallet armatures, which are respectively installed in the middle of the two side edges of the upper pallet; the middle pallet electromagnet is installed on the connecting channel steel through a transition connection with the middle pallet connecting seat, there are two middle pallet armatures, which are respectively installed on the left front and right rear of the two side edges of the middle pallet; the lower pallet electromagnet is installed on the connecting channel steel through a transition connection with the lower pallet connecting seat, there are two lower pallet armatures, which are respectively installed on the left rear and right front of the two side edges of the lower pallet.

[0008] The upper tray, middle tray and lower tray are stacked on each other, and the upper tray armature installed on the upper tray is attracted to the upper tray electromagnet installed on the connecting channel steel; the middle tray armature installed on the left front and right rear of the middle tray is attracted to the middle tray electromagnet installed on the connecting channel steel; the lower tray armature installed on the left rear and right front of the lower tray is attracted to the lower tray electromagnet installed on the connecting channel steel.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method based on the above-mentioned combine harvester operation loss rapid detection system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start the control system and input the parameters required for detection on the control terminal, i.e., the display screen. The parameters include the machine detection forward speed and the mutual distance after the trays fall. The controller calculates the time interval required for the upper tray, middle tray, and lower tray to fall when the machine moves forward according to the input parameters. Step 2: The vehicle speed sensor feeds back the vehicle speed. When the machine's forward speed reaches the input forward speed, the controller feeds back a signal and the machine moves forward at the input speed. Step 3: Start timing and calculate the time required to reach the predetermined distance. When the time is reached, the controller issues a command, which is sent to the relay through the control circuit, thereby controlling the actuator to start working; Step 4: The relay controls the lower tray electromagnet to cut off the power, and the lower tray falls; at the same time, the controller starts timing, and calculates the time according to the specified distance and the vehicle speed. After the required time is reached, the control circuit sends a command to the relay for the second time, and the relay controls the middle tray electromagnet to cut off the power, and the middle tray falls; the controller continues to count separately, and calculates the time according to the specified distance and the vehicle speed. After the required time is reached, the control circuit sends a command to the relay for the third time, and the relay controls the upper tray electromagnet to cut off the power, and the upper tray falls; Step 5: Inspect the material loss in the lower tray, middle tray and upper tray after collection, calculate the loss rate, and complete the detection of the harvester's cleaning operation loss.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by controlling the three trays through a controller, etc., straw, chaff and other materials are automatically collected, and the loss of the grain combine harvester during harvesting is quickly detected, thereby saving a lot of time cost for detection, improving the safety of the detection work, and thus maximizing the economic efficiency and operation quality of the grain combine harvester. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the control system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control system of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the electromagnet of the actuator of the present invention in the energized state; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the axial side of the execution device structure of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the execution device of the present invention.

[0012] Graphic markings: 1. Vehicle speed sensor; 2. Controller; 3. Relay; 4. Control terminal; 5. Upper tray electromagnet; 6. Middle tray electromagnet; 7. Lower tray electromagnet; 8. Connecting channel steel; 9. Upper tray; 10. Middle tray; 11. Lower tray; 12. Upper tray armature; 13. Middle tray connecting seat; 14. Middle tray armature; 15. Lower tray connecting seat; 16. Lower tray armature; 17. Power supply; 18. Rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings of this specification. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] See also Figure 1-Figure 5, a rapid detection system for combined harvester operation loss, including an execution device and a control system, wherein the execution device is arranged at the bottom of the frame of the harvester, and the execution device is controlled by the control system. The control system includes a vehicle speed sensor 1, a controller 2, a control terminal 4, a relay 3, an electromagnet and a power supply 17; the vehicle speed sensor 1 is installed on the walking gearbox of the harvester, and is used to detect the forward speed of the harvester and transmit the data signal to the controller 2; the control terminal 4 is a display screen at the remote end, which is used to send distance data and control signals to the controller 2; the controller 2 is used to receive the data of the vehicle speed sensor 1 and the data of the control terminal 4, and calculate and process the received data, and then send instructions to the relay 3 through the circuit; the relay 3 is used to control the power on and off of three groups of electromagnets, each group of electromagnets is two electromagnets in parallel, and the three groups of electromagnets are connected in parallel, and the power supply 17 supplies power to the controller 2, the relay 3 and the electromagnet in the control circuit. The electromagnets include an upper tray electromagnet 5 , a middle tray electromagnet 6 and a lower tray electromagnet 7 , and the number of the upper tray electromagnet 5 , the middle tray electromagnet 6 and the lower tray electromagnet 7 are all two. The actuator includes a connecting channel steel 8, an upper tray 9, a middle tray 10, a lower tray 11, an upper tray electromagnet 5, an upper tray armature 12, a middle tray connecting seat 13, a middle tray electromagnet 6, a middle tray armature 14, a lower tray electromagnet 7, a lower tray connecting seat 15 and a lower tray armature 16. The connecting channel steel 8 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 18, the upper tray electromagnet 5 is installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting channel steel 8, there are two upper tray armatures 12, which are respectively installed in the middle of the two side edges of the upper tray 9; the middle tray electromagnet 6 is installed on the connecting channel steel 8 through the middle tray connecting seat 13 for transition connection, there are two middle tray armatures 14, which are respectively installed on the left front and right rear of the two side edges of the middle tray 10; the lower tray electromagnet 7 is installed on the connecting channel steel 8 through the lower tray connecting seat 15 for transition connection, there are two lower tray armatures 16, which are respectively installed on the left rear and right front of the two side edges of the lower tray 11. The upper tray 9, the middle tray 10 and the lower tray 11 are stacked on each other, and the upper tray armature 12 installed on the upper tray 9 is attracted to the upper tray electromagnet 5 installed on the connecting channel steel 8; the middle tray armature 14 installed on the left front and right rear of the middle tray 10 is attracted to the middle tray electromagnet 6 installed on the connecting channel steel 8; the lower tray armature 16 installed on the left rear and right front of the lower tray 11 is attracted to the lower tray electromagnet 7 installed on the connecting channel steel 8.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method based on the above-mentioned combine harvester operation loss rapid detection system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start the control system and input the parameters required for detection on the control terminal 4, i.e., the display screen. The parameters include the machine detection forward speed and the mutual distance after the trays fall. The controller 2 calculates the time interval required for the upper tray 9, the middle tray 10, and the lower tray 11 to fall when the machine advances according to the input parameters; Step 2: The vehicle speed sensor 1 feeds back the vehicle speed. When the machine's forward speed reaches the input forward speed, the controller 2 feeds back a signal, and the machine moves forward at the input speed. Step 3: Start timing and calculate the time required to reach the predetermined distance. When the time is reached, the controller 2 issues a command, which is sent to the relay 3 through the control circuit, thereby controlling the execution device to start working; Step 4: Relay 3 controls the lower tray electromagnet 7 to cut off the power, and the lower tray 11 falls; at the same time, controller 2 starts timing, and calculates the time according to the specified distance through the vehicle speed. After reaching the required time, it passes through the control circuit and sends a command to relay 3 for the second time, and relay 3 controls the middle tray electromagnet 6 to cut off the power, and the middle tray 10 falls; controller 2 continues to count separately, and calculates the time according to the specified distance through the vehicle speed. After reaching the required time, it passes through the control circuit and sends a command to relay 3 for the third time, and relay 3 controls the upper tray electromagnet 5 to cut off the power, and the upper tray 9 falls; Step 5: Detect the loss of materials in the lower tray 11, the middle tray 10 and the upper tray 9 after collection, calculate the loss rate, and complete the detection of the loss of the harvester's cleaning operation.

[0016] During use of the present invention: When working, the electromagnet is energized, and the three pallets are attracted and superimposed on each other by the electromagnet through magnetic force, and the control system is started. The controller 2 calculates the time interval required for the adjacent pallets to fall when the forward speed of the machine is input. When the machine enters the measuring area, the vehicle speed is fed back through the vehicle speed sensor 1. After the forward speed of the machine reaches the input forward speed, the controller 2 feeds back a signal, and the machine moves forward at the input speed and does not change before human intervention. The timing is started, and the time required to reach a predetermined distance is calculated at the same time. After the time is reached, the controller 2 sends a command, which is sent to the relay 3 through the control circuit. The relay 3 controls the electromagnet 7 of the lower pallet to cut off the power, and the lower pallet 11 falls. When the lower pallet 11 falls, the controller 2 starts timing, and calculates the time through the vehicle speed according to the specified distance. After the required time is reached, the control circuit sends a second command to the relay 3, and the relay The device 3 controls the middle tray electromagnet 6 to cut off the power, and the middle tray 10 falls; when the middle tray 10 falls, the controller 2 continues to time, and calculates the time according to the specified distance through the vehicle speed. After the required time is reached, the control circuit sends an instruction to the relay 3 for the third time, and the relay 3 controls the upper tray electromagnet 5 to cut off the power, and the upper tray 9 falls, thereby achieving the purpose of falling. The spacing between adjacent trays is determined according to specific detection needs. After the tray falls to the ground, the machine passes directly above it, and the stems, chaff, etc. discharged from cleaning and threshing fall into the tray. After the harvester leaves the measurement area and stops, the straw and chaff in the tray are cleaned, the grains in the tray are collected and weighed, and the average entrainment loss of the straw and chaff in the three trays is calculated, and then the entrainment loss of the harvester is calculated. The controller can also automatically adjust the time interval of the solenoid valve power off according to the vehicle speed, but the spacing after the tray falls remains basically unchanged.

[0017] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Parts of the present invention not described in detail are prior art.

Claims

1. A combine harvester operation loss rapid detection system, comprising an execution device and a control system, characterized in that: The execution device is arranged at the bottom of the frame (18) of the harvester, and the execution device is controlled by a control system; The control system comprises a vehicle speed sensor (1), a controller (2), a control terminal (4), a relay (3), an electromagnet and a power supply (17); The vehicle speed sensor (1) is installed on the travel gearbox of the harvester and is used to detect the forward speed of the harvester and transmit the data signal to the controller (2); The control terminal (4) is a display screen at a remote end, used to send distance data and control signals to the controller (2); The controller (2) is used to receive data from the vehicle speed sensor (1) and data from the control terminal (4), perform calculations on the received data, and then send instructions to the relay (3) through the circuit; The relay (3) is used to control the on and off of three groups of electromagnets. Each group of electromagnets consists of two electromagnets connected in parallel. The three groups of electromagnets are connected in parallel. The power supply (17) supplies power to the controller (2), the relay (3) and the electromagnets in the control circuit.

2. A combine harvester operation loss rapid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnets include an upper tray electromagnet (5), a middle tray electromagnet (6) and a lower tray electromagnet (7), and the number of the upper tray electromagnet (5), the middle tray electromagnet (6) and the lower tray electromagnet (7) is two.

3. A combine harvester operation loss rapid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The actuator comprises a connecting channel steel (8), an upper tray (9), a middle tray (10), a lower tray (11), an upper tray electromagnet (5), an upper tray armature (12), a middle tray connecting seat (13), a middle tray electromagnet (6), a middle tray armature (14), a lower tray electromagnet (7), a lower tray connecting seat (15) and a lower tray armature (16), wherein the connecting channel steel (8) is arranged at the bottom of the frame (18), the upper tray electromagnet (5) is installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting channel steel (8), and the upper tray armature (16) is installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the upper tray 2) are two, respectively installed in the middle of both sides of the upper tray (9); the middle tray electromagnet (6) is installed on the connecting channel steel (8) through the middle tray connecting seat (13) for transition connection, and the middle tray armature (14) is two, respectively installed on the left front and right rear of both sides of the middle tray (10); the lower tray electromagnet (7) is installed on the connecting channel steel (8) through the lower tray connecting seat (15) for transition connection, and the lower tray armature (16) is two, respectively installed on the left rear and right front of both sides of the lower tray (11).

4. A combine harvester operation loss rapid detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper tray (9), the middle tray (10) and the lower tray (11) are stacked together, and the upper tray armature (12) installed on the upper tray (9) is attracted to the upper tray electromagnet (5) installed on the connecting channel steel (8); the middle tray armature (14) installed on the left front and right rear of the middle tray (10) is attracted to the middle tray electromagnet (6) installed on the connecting channel steel (8); and the lower tray armature (16) installed on the left rear and right front of the lower tray (11) is attracted to the lower tray electromagnet (7) installed on the connecting channel steel (8).

5. A method for a combine harvester operation loss rapid detection system based on claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start the control system and input the parameters required for detection on the control terminal (4), i.e., the display screen. The parameters include the machine detection forward speed and the mutual distance after the trays fall. The controller (2) calculates the time interval required for the upper tray (9), the middle tray (10), and the lower tray (11) to fall when the machine moves forward according to the input parameters; Step 2: The vehicle speed sensor (1) feeds back the vehicle speed. When the forward speed of the machine reaches the input forward speed, the controller (2) feeds back a signal, and the machine moves forward at the input speed. Step 3: Start timing and calculate the time required to reach the predetermined distance. When the time is reached, the controller (2) issues a command, which is sent to the relay (3) through the control circuit, thereby controlling the actuator to start working; Step 4: the relay (3) controls the lower tray electromagnet (7) to cut off the power, and the lower tray (11) falls; at the same time, the controller (2) starts timing, and calculates the time according to the specified distance and the vehicle speed. After the required time is reached, the control circuit sends a command to the relay (3) for the second time, and the relay (3) controls the middle tray electromagnet (6) to cut off the power, and the middle tray (10) falls; the controller (2) continues to count separately, and calculates the time according to the specified distance and the vehicle speed. After the required time is reached, the control circuit sends a command to the relay (3) for the third time, and the relay (3) controls the upper tray electromagnet (5) to cut off the power, and the upper tray (9) falls; Step 5: Detect the loss of the materials in the lower tray (11), the middle tray (10) and the upper tray (9) after the collection, and calculate the loss rate to complete the detection of the loss of the harvester cleaning operation.

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