Multi-point riveting bending equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses multi-point riveting and bending equipment, and particularly relates to the technical field of riveting and bending equipment, the multi-point riveting and bending equipment comprises a base, a forming table is arranged at the top of the base, a stand column is arranged at the top of the forming table, longitudinal linear motors are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the stand column, and a rivet pulling assembly is arranged on a rotor of the longitudinal linear motor on the front side; the rivet pulling assembly comprises a moving table connected with a rotor of the longitudinal linear motor on the front side in a left-right sliding mode, and a core pulling riveting gun is fixedly arranged on the front side of the moving table. According to the riveting device, the rivet pulling assembly is arranged, a core-pulling rivet is pulled through a core-pulling riveting gun to deform and conduct riveting, when a rivet rod is about to be snapped, a small motor drives a rotating wheel to rotate, then a moving table and the core-pulling riveting gun vibrate transversely, radial force is provided in the process of snapping the rivet rod, fracture of the rivet rod is accelerated, and the riveting efficiency is improved. The situation that the fracture is sharp due to continuous pulling is avoided, and the safety of the rivet is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of riveting and bending equipment, and in particular to a multi-point riveting and bending equipment. Background Art

[0002] Riveting and bending refers to the process of connecting and forming metal parts through riveting and bending during the metal processing process. Riveting refers to connecting two or more parts together through rivets or other fasteners, while bending refers to bending metal sheets through molds.

[0003] In the process of metal processing in the prior art, riveting and bending can be integrated into the same device and performed simultaneously, such as the battery spring riveting and bending device with publication number CN213496298U in the prior art.

[0004] The reason why these two processing methods are integrated on the same equipment is that they are often closely related. For example, when making metal boxes, cans and other containers, a long piece of metal sheet is often bent into a specific shape, and the two ends are overlapped. The overlapping parts are then riveted together to form a cylinder, and finally the bottom and mouth are sealed.

[0005] In the riveting process, the most commonly used rivet is the core-pulling rivet. When riveting, the rivet rod needs to be pulled to deform the rivet for riveting, and finally the excess rivet rod is automatically pulled off;

[0006] In the prior art, the fracture of the rivet rod depends only on its axial tensile force. The rivet rod made of metal itself has a certain toughness. The tensile force will cause the fractured portion to be elongated and sharper. Although the fractured portion is hidden inside the rivet, it is also connected to the outside world. Therefore, the sharp fracture is more dangerous and can easily cause punctures. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-point riveting and bending equipment. By setting a rivet pulling assembly, when the rivet rod is about to be broken, a small motor drives the rotating wheel to rotate, thereby causing the movable platform and the core-pulling rivet gun to vibrate laterally, thereby providing radial force in the process of breaking the rivet rod, accelerating the fracture of the rivet rod, avoiding the fracture being sharp due to continuous pulling, and improving the safety of the rivet.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-point riveting and bending device, comprising a base, a forming table is provided on the top of the base, a column is provided on the top of the forming table, longitudinal linear motors are fixedly provided on the front and rear sides of the column, and a rivet assembly is provided on the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor;

[0009] The rivet assembly comprises a movable platform connected to the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor for left and right sliding, a blind rivet gun is fixedly arranged at the front side of the movable platform, two return springs are arranged at the upper and lower sides of the blind rivet gun, and end pieces are fixedly arranged at both ends of the return spring, and the two end pieces are respectively fixedly arranged on the blind rivet gun and the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor;

[0010] A mounting plate is fixedly provided on the left side of the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor, a rotating wheel is rotatably connected to the front side of the mounting plate, a protrusion is fixedly provided on the outer end of the rotating wheel, and a small motor for driving the rotating wheel to rotate is fixedly provided on the rear side of the mounting plate.

[0011] Furthermore, a grinding assembly is provided on the rear side of the column, and the grinding assembly includes a support plate fixedly arranged on the rear longitudinal linear motor mover, the bottom end of the support plate is rotatably connected to a drill chuck, the bottom end of the drill chuck is provided with a detachable grinding rod, the bottom end of the grinding rod can be inserted into the rivet body and grind the fracture of the rivet rod, and a driving motor for driving the drill chuck to rotate is fixedly arranged on the top end of the support plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a back plate is fixedly provided at the top of the base, the rear end of the forming table is connected to the front end of the back plate, a fixed beam is fixedly provided at the front end of the back plate, a front and rear adjustment linear motor is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the fixed beam, the top end of the column is fixedly connected to the mover of the front and rear adjustment linear motor, and the front and rear movement of the column is adjusted by the front and rear adjustment linear motor.

[0013] Furthermore, two height-adjusting linear motors are fixedly provided on the front side of the back plate, and the two height-adjusting linear motors are respectively located on the left and right sides of the forming table. A longitudinal bending assembly is provided on both sides of the height-adjusting linear motor, and the height-adjusting linear motor on the left side drives the longitudinal bending assembly to move downward, and the height-adjusting linear motor on the right side drives the longitudinal bending assembly to move upward;

[0014] The longitudinal bending assembly includes a pushing beam, the rear ends of the two pushing beams are respectively connected to the movers of two height-adjusting linear motors, an extrusion roller is provided on the side of the pushing beam facing the forming table, both ends of the extrusion roller are rotatably connected to fixed plates, and the two fixed plates are fixed on the pushing beam.

[0015] Furthermore, a high support platform and a low support platform are fixedly provided on the top of the base, the forming platform is located between the high support platform and the low support platform, and the tops of the high support platform and the low support platform are both provided with transverse bending components, and the transverse bending components include two hydraulic cylinders, and the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders are directed toward the forming platform, and the metal sheet is pushed to be bent by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinders.

[0016] Furthermore, the transverse bending assembly also includes a push plate, one end of the piston rod of the two hydraulic cylinders is fixedly connected to the push plate, and an installation groove is opened on the edge of one end of the push plate facing the forming table. The installation groove of the transverse bending assembly on the high support platform faces downward, and the installation groove of the transverse bending assembly on the low support platform faces upward, and a roller is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the installation groove.

[0017] Furthermore, a receiving groove is provided at the top of the forming table, and the riveted part of the metal sheet is located at the receiving groove to accommodate the rivet. A pressing plate is provided at the top of the forming table through bolts, and the pressing plate can press and fix the metal sheet on the top of the forming table.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0019] 1. By setting up a rivet assembly, a blind rivet gun is used to pull the blind rivet to deform it and perform riveting. When the rivet rod is about to be broken, a small motor is turned on to drive the rotating wheel to rotate, thereby causing the moving platform and the blind rivet gun to vibrate laterally, thereby providing radial force in the process of breaking the rivet rod, accelerating the fracture of the rivet rod, avoiding the fracture being sharp due to continuous pulling, and improving the safety of the rivet;

[0020] 2. After the rivet rod breaks, the grinding assembly moves downward, so that the grinding rod is inserted into the rivet body of the rivet and contacts the fracture. Then the driving motor drives the grinding rod to rotate, and the grinding rod is used to grind the fracture, so as to make the fracture smoother, further improving the safety of the rivet fracture and avoiding personal injury caused by the sharp fracture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a left-side structural diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a right view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a bottom view of the grinding assembly and the riveting assembly of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of part A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the forming table of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the transverse bending assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the longitudinal bending assembly of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the metal sheet after the first bending;

[0030] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the metal sheet after the second bending;

[0031] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the metal sheet after the third bending;

[0032] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the metal sheet after the fourth bending.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Base; 2. High support platform; 3. Horizontal bending assembly; 301. Hydraulic cylinder; 302. Push plate; 303. Mounting slot; 304. Roller; 4. Height adjustment linear motor; 5. Back plate; 6. Fixed beam;

[0035] 8. Grinding assembly; 701. Driving motor; 702. Support plate; 703. Drill chuck; 704. Grinding rod; 8. Riveting assembly; 801. Blind rivet gun; 802. Moving table; 803. Return spring; 804. End piece; 805. Small motor; 806. Mounting plate; 807. Rotating wheel; 808. Protrusion;

[0036] 9. Low support table; 10. Forming table; 11. Longitudinal bending assembly; 1101. Pushing beam; 1102. Extrusion roller; 1103. Fixed plate; 12. Column; 13. Receiving groove; 14. Pressing plate; 15. Longitudinal linear motor; 16. Front and rear adjustment linear motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The present invention provides Figure 1-7 A multi-point riveting and bending device shown in the figure comprises a base 1, a forming table 10 is provided on the top of the base 1, a column 12 is provided on the top of the forming table 10, longitudinal linear motors 15 are fixedly provided on both the front and rear sides of the column 12, and a rivet assembly 8 is provided on the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor 15;

[0039] A receiving groove 13 is provided at the top of the forming table 10 , and the riveted part of the metal sheet is located at the receiving groove 13 to accommodate the rivet. A pressing plate 14 is provided at the top of the forming table 10 through bolts, and the pressing plate 14 can press and fix the metal sheet on the top of the forming table 10 .

[0040] Holes are punched at both ends of the metal sheet in advance, and then a rectangular, long metal sheet is placed on the top of the forming table 10, one end of the metal sheet is aligned with the right side of the upper plane of the forming table 10, and then a pressing plate 14 is pressed on the top of the metal sheet, and the metal sheet is pressed and fixed by the pressing plate 14, and then the metal sheet is bent. The bent metal sheet is sleeved on the outer end of the forming table 10 and fits the outer contour of the forming table 10 to form a tube with a rectangular cross-section. The other end of the metal sheet is finally bent to the top of the forming table 10 and overlaps with one end of the metal sheet at this position. The holes at both ends of the metal sheet correspond one by one, and the corresponding two hole positions overlap. Finally, the overlapping parts of the two ends of the metal sheet are riveted.

[0041] In the process of pulling the rivet rod, in addition to the axial force, radial force needs to be provided, such as Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the rivet assembly 8 includes a moving platform 802 that is slidably connected to the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor 15, a blind rivet gun 801 is fixedly provided on the front side of the moving platform 802, two return springs 803 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the blind rivet gun 801, and end pieces 804 are fixedly provided at both ends of the return spring 803, and the two end pieces 804 are respectively fixed on the blind rivet gun 801 and the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor 15;

[0042] A mounting plate 806 is fixedly provided on the left side of the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor 15. A rotating wheel 807 is rotatably connected to the front side of the mounting plate 806. A protrusion 808 is fixedly provided on the outer end of the rotating wheel 807. A small motor 805 for driving the rotating wheel 807 to rotate is fixedly provided on the rear side of the mounting plate 806.

[0043] Blind rivets are placed one by one in the overlapping holes at both ends of the metal sheet, and the longitudinal linear motor 15 on the front side drives the rivet assembly 8 to move downward, and the rivet assembly 8 is used to rivet these rivets one by one. During riveting, the rivet rod is pulled upward by the blind rivet gun 801 to deform the rivet body. After the rivet body is deformed, the rivet rod is continued to be pulled. A breaking point is pre-set on the rivet rod. If the rivet rod is continued to be pulled, the breaking point will be deformed and finally broken. It takes about 2 seconds for the blind rivet gun 801 to complete a riveting. When the rivet rod is about to be broken, that is, 1 second after the start of riveting, the small motor 805 is turned on, and the small motor 805 drives the rotating wheel 807 to rotate When the protrusion 808 on the rotating wheel 807 rotates to contact the moving platform 802, the moving platform 802 will be pushed by the protrusion 808 to move laterally. The laterally moving moving platform 802 causes the reset spring 803 to be stretched. When the protrusion 808 is removed, the reset spring 803 pulls the moving platform 802 to reset. This cycle is repeated, causing the moving platform 802 to continuously vibrate laterally left and right. The core-pulling rivet gun 801 fixed on the moving platform 802 also continuously vibrates laterally, thereby providing radial force in the process of breaking the rivet rod, accelerating the fracture of the rivet rod, avoiding the fracture from being sharp due to continuous pulling, and improving the safety of the rivet.

[0044] After breaking the rivet rod, it is necessary to grind the fracture inside the rivet body. Figure 3 As shown, a grinding assembly 7 is provided on the rear side of the column 12, and the grinding assembly 7 includes a support plate 702 fixedly arranged on the mover of the rear longitudinal linear motor 15, and a drill chuck 703 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the support plate 702, and a detachable grinding rod 704 is provided at the bottom end of the drill chuck 703, and the bottom end of the grinding rod 704 can be inserted into the rivet body and grind the fracture of the rivet rod, and a driving motor 701 for driving the drill chuck 703 to rotate is fixedly arranged on the top end of the support plate 702.

[0045] After the rivet rod is broken, the grinding assembly 7 is driven downward by the longitudinal linear motor 15 on the rear side, so that the grinding rod 704 is inserted downward into the rivet body of the rivet and contacts the fracture. Then the drive motor 701 drives the drill chuck 703 to rotate and drive the grinding rod 704. The grinding rod 704 is used to grind the fracture, so that the fracture is smoother, further improving the safety of the rivet fracture and avoiding injuries caused by the sharp fracture.

[0046] There are many riveting positions on the metal sheet, which need to be riveted and polished one by one, such as Figure 3As shown, a back plate 5 is fixedly provided on the top of the base 1, the rear end of the forming table 10 is connected to the front end of the back plate 5, a fixed beam 6 is fixedly provided on the front end of the back plate 5, a front and rear adjustment linear motor 16 is fixedly provided on the bottom end of the fixed beam 6, the top end of the column 12 is fixedly connected to the mover of the front and rear adjustment linear motor 16, and the front and rear movement of the column 12 is adjusted by the front and rear adjustment linear motor 16.

[0047] When riveting is performed one by one, the front and rear adjustment linear motor 16 drives the column 12 to move forward and backward, and the grinding assembly 7 and the rivet assembly 8 on the column 12 move forward and backward accordingly, and constantly adjust their positions so as to perform riveting and grinding on different parts. The receiving groove 13 is located directly below the grinding assembly 7 and the rivet assembly 8, and each rivet is arranged along the receiving groove 13, so that the rivet can be aligned with the grinding assembly 7 and the rivet assembly 8.

[0048] In the process of bending the metal sheet, it is necessary to proceed one by one in sequence, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , 6 and 7, two height-adjusting linear motors 4 are fixedly provided on the front side of the back plate 5, and the two height-adjusting linear motors 4 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the forming table 10. The left and right sides of the height-adjusting linear motor 4 are provided with longitudinal bending components 11, and the height-adjusting linear motor 4 on the left side drives the longitudinal bending component 11 to move downward, and the height-adjusting linear motor 4 on the right side drives the longitudinal bending component 11 to move upward;

[0049] The longitudinal bending assembly 11 includes a pushing beam 1101, and the rear ends of the two pushing beams 1101 are respectively connected to the movers of two height-adjusting linear motors 4. The pushing beam 1101 is provided with an extrusion roller 1102 on the side facing the forming table 10. Both ends of the extrusion roller 1102 are rotatably connected to fixed plates 1103, and the two fixed plates 1103 are fixed on the pushing beam 1101.

[0050] A high support platform 2 and a low support platform 9 are fixedly provided on the top of the base 1, and the forming platform 10 is located between the high support platform 2 and the low support platform 9. The tops of the high support platform 2 and the low support platform 9 are both provided with a transverse bending component 3, and the transverse bending component 3 includes two hydraulic cylinders 301, and the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders 301 are directed toward the forming platform 10, and the metal sheet is pushed to be bent by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinders 301.

[0051] The transverse bending assembly 3 also includes a push plate 302, one end of the piston rod of the two hydraulic cylinders 301 is fixedly connected to the push plate 302, and an installation groove 303 is opened on the edge of one end of the push plate 302 facing the forming table 10. The installation groove 303 of the transverse bending assembly 3 on the high support platform 2 faces downward, and the installation groove 303 of the transverse bending assembly 3 on the low support platform 9 faces upward, and a roller 304 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the installation groove 303.

[0052] After the metal sheet is fixed by the pressing plate 14, it is in a horizontal state and needs to be bent four times, such as Figure 8-11 As shown, at this time, the left-side height adjustment linear motor 4 drives the left-side longitudinal bending assembly 11 to move downward. During the movement, the squeezing roller 1102 of the longitudinal bending assembly 11 contacts the metal sheet. Under the action of the downward pressure, the longitudinal bending assembly 11 makes the originally horizontal metal sheet bend downward. The bent metal sheet is close to the left side of the forming table 10 and is clamped between the squeezing roller 1102 and the forming table 10. As the left-side longitudinal bending assembly 11 moves downward, the squeezing roller 1102 rolls on the surface of the bent metal sheet until the longitudinal bending assembly 11 moves to a position lower than the forming table 10, and then the left-side longitudinal bending assembly 11 moves up and returns to its original position.

[0053] After the first bending, the metal sheet is in a vertical state, and then it is bent for the second time. At this time, the transverse bending assembly 3 located on the low support platform 9 starts to work. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 301 of the transverse bending assembly 3 pushes the push plate 302 to move horizontally from left to right until the roller 304 contacts the metal sheet. As the roller 304 continues to push, the originally vertical metal sheet is bent to the right to a horizontal state and is close to the lower plane of the forming table 10. At this time, the metal sheet is clamped between the roller 304 and the forming table 10. The roller 304 rolls at the bottom end of the metal sheet. After the push plate 302 moves to the right side of the forming table 10, the hydraulic cylinder 301 pulls the push plate 302 to the left and returns to its original position.

[0054] After the second bending, the metal sheet is bent to a horizontal state, and then the third bending is performed. The height adjustment linear motor 4 on the right side drives the longitudinal bending assembly 11 on the right side to move upward, and the squeezing roller 1102 of the longitudinal bending assembly 11 contacts the metal sheet. Under the upward thrust, the longitudinal bending assembly 11 makes the metal sheet, which was originally in a horizontal state, bend upward. The bent metal sheet is close to the right side of the forming table 10 and is clamped between the squeezing roller 1102 and the forming table 10. As the longitudinal bending assembly 11 on the right side moves upward, the squeezing roller 1102 rolls on the surface of the bent metal sheet until the longitudinal bending assembly 11 moves to a position higher than the forming table 10, and then the longitudinal bending assembly 11 on the right side moves down to its original position.

[0055] After the third bending, the metal sheet is in a vertical state, and finally the fourth bending is performed. The transverse bending component 3 located at the top of the high support platform 2 starts to work. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 301 of the transverse bending component 3 pushes the push plate 302 to move horizontally from right to left until the roller 304 contacts the metal sheet. As the roller 304 continues to push, the originally vertical metal sheet bends to the left, and the two ends of the metal sheet overlap here. After the metal sheets overlap, the transverse bending component 3 returns to its original position, and the bending work is completed.

[0056] The above description is only by way of illustration of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-point riveting and bending device, comprising a base (1), a forming table (10) being provided on the top of the base (1), characterized in that: A column (12) is provided on the top of the forming table (10), longitudinal linear motors (15) are fixedly provided on both the front and rear sides of the column (12), and a rivet assembly (8) is provided on the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor (15); The rivet assembly (8) comprises a movable platform (802) connected to the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor (15) in a left-right sliding manner, a blind rivet gun (801) is fixedly provided on the front side of the movable platform (802), two return springs (803) are provided on the upper and lower sides of the blind rivet gun (801), and end plates (804) are fixedly provided at both ends of the return spring (803), and the two end plates (804) are respectively fixedly provided on the blind rivet gun (801) and the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor (15); A mounting plate (806) is fixedly provided on the left side of the mover of the front longitudinal linear motor (15); a rotating wheel (807) is rotatably connected to the front side of the mounting plate (806); a protrusion (808) is fixedly provided on the outer end of the rotating wheel (807); and a small motor (805) for driving the rotating wheel (807) to rotate is fixedly provided on the rear side of the mounting plate (806).

2. The multi-point riveting and bending equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A grinding assembly (7) is provided at the rear side of the column (12), and the grinding assembly (7) comprises a support plate (702) fixedly arranged on the mover of the rear longitudinal linear motor (15), a drill chuck (703) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the support plate (702), a detachable grinding rod (704) is provided at the bottom end of the drill chuck (703), and a driving motor (701) for driving the drill chuck (703) to rotate is fixedly arranged at the top end of the support plate (702).

3. The multi-point riveting and bending equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A back plate (5) is fixedly provided at the top end of the base (1), a rear end of the forming table (10) is connected to the front end of the back plate (5), a fixed beam (6) is fixedly provided at the front end of the back plate (5), a front-rear adjustment linear motor (16) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the fixed beam (6), and a top end of the column (12) is fixedly connected to a mover of the front-rear adjustment linear motor (16).

4. The multi-point riveting and bending equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two height-adjusting linear motors (4) are fixedly provided on the front side of the back plate (5), and the two height-adjusting linear motors (4) are respectively located on the left and right sides of the forming table (10), and longitudinal bending components (11) are provided on the left and right sides of the height-adjusting linear motor (4); The longitudinal bending assembly (11) comprises a pushing beam (1101), the rear ends of the two pushing beams (1101) are respectively connected to the movers of two height-adjusting linear motors (4), a squeezing roller (1102) is provided on the side of the pushing beam (1101) facing the forming table (10), both ends of the squeezing roller (1102) are rotatably connected to fixed plates (1103), and the two fixed plates (1103) are fixedly arranged on the pushing beam (1101).

5. The multi-point riveting and bending equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high support platform (2) and a low support platform (9) are fixedly provided at the top of the base (1); the forming platform (10) is located between the high support platform (2) and the low support platform (9); the tops of the high support platform (2) and the low support platform (9) are both provided with a transverse bending assembly (3); the transverse bending assembly (3) comprises two hydraulic cylinders (301); the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders (301) face toward the forming platform (10).

6. The multi-point riveting and bending equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transverse bending assembly (3) also includes a push plate (302), one end of the piston rod of the two hydraulic cylinders (301) is fixedly connected to the push plate (302), and an installation groove (303) is formed on the edge of one end of the push plate (302) facing the forming table (10), and a roller (304) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the installation groove (303).

7. The multi-point riveting and bending equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A receiving groove (13) is provided at the top of the molding platform (10), and a pressing plate (14) is provided at the top of the molding platform (10) via bolts.

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