Nuclear power station composite passive safety system and electric energy distribution method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a nuclear power station composite passive safety system which comprises a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and a third thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the upper part of a containment, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the lower part of the containment, and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the lower part of the containment. The third thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged in a fuel plant outside the containment; the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem each comprise a hot end, a cold end and a thermoelectric conversion device, the hot ends and the cold ends are arranged at different positions respectively, temperature differences exist between the hot ends and the cold ends, and the thermoelectric conversion devices can convert the temperature differences into electric energy. Therefore, electric energy is provided for each device of the nuclear power station cooling system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power plant safety systems, and in particular to a nuclear power plant composite passive safety system and an electric energy distribution method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear power plant safety systems usually rely on complex active control technologies, such as cooling pumps and electronic control systems. In the event of a power outage, the reactor cooling, control and safety systems cannot rely on conventional power supplies. To cope with this situation, traditional nuclear power plants are usually equipped with the following emergency measures: (1) Diesel generators: This is the main emergency power source for nuclear power plants in the event of a power outage. Once a failure in the external power grid is detected, the diesel generator will automatically start to provide power for key systems such as cooling pumps and control systems. However, the start-up and operation of diesel generators takes a certain amount of time and depends on regular maintenance and fuel supply. (2) Batteries: As another emergency power source, batteries provide critical support during the diesel generator startup process or when the diesel generator fails to start. Batteries can provide power instantly, but their power supply time is limited, usually only providing safe power for less than 72 hours. Although these traditional emergency measures can cope with power outages to a certain extent, they still have limitations such as reliance on external fuel supply and complex maintenance.

[0003] The introduction of passive safety systems aims to reduce the dependence of nuclear power plants on complex mechanical equipment and external power sources, and to improve autonomous safety capabilities in extreme situations. The passive system mainly relies on the design of the nuclear power plant itself, such as the use of physical phenomena such as gravity, natural convection, and thermal expansion to achieve cooling, control, and safety functions. This design concept ensures that even in the extreme case of a total power outage, the nuclear power plant can still maintain the operation of key safety functions, greatly reducing dependence on external support. Taking AP1000 as an example, in the event of a power outage in the entire plant, passive cooling is achieved through natural circulation of PRHR (passive residual heat removal system) and PXS (passive core cooling system).

[0004] Thermoelectric conversion technology is a technology that converts thermal energy directly into electrical energy. It usually uses the Seebeck effect of thermoelectric materials, that is, when there is a temperature difference, a voltage difference will be generated across the thermoelectric material, thereby generating an electric current. The key advantage of this technology is that it does not require moving parts, can operate stably in extreme and harsh environments, and is suitable for occasions where routine maintenance is difficult. The application of thermoelectric conversion technology in nuclear power plants can directly convert the thermal energy of the reactor (including normal operation and decay heat) into electrical energy, which is used to drive various equipment and instruments in the passive safety system.

[0005] Prior art CN103378767A discloses a post-accident power supply device for a nuclear power plant based on direct thermoelectric conversion, which includes a first thermoelectric conversion device and a second thermoelectric conversion device. The device has a small layout range, provides limited power, and is insufficient in maintaining the key safety functions of a nuclear power plant.

[0006] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention is specially introduced. Summary of the invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite passive safety system for a nuclear power plant and an electric energy distribution method thereof, which are used to utilize the principle of thermoelectric conversion to improve the safety, energy self-sufficiency and intelligence level of the nuclear power plant.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a composite passive safety system for a nuclear power plant is proposed, comprising a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and a third thermoelectric conversion subsystem, wherein the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the upper part of the containment, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the lower part of the containment, and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at a fuel plant outside the containment;

[0009] The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem each include a hot end, a cold end and a thermoelectric conversion device. The hot end and the cold end are respectively arranged at different positions, and there is a temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end. The thermoelectric conversion device can convert the temperature difference into electrical energy to provide electrical energy to various equipment in the nuclear power plant cooling system.

[0010] Furthermore, the passive safety system also includes a power distribution subsystem, which dynamically distributes the electric energy generated by the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and / or the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem to each of the devices.

[0011] Furthermore, the hot end and the cold end of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at a first position and a second position, the first position is located at the top of the inner steel shell of the containment vessel, and the second position is located inside the chimney of the shielding plant.

[0012] Furthermore, the electric energy generated by the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem may be supplied to a monitoring system, an alarm system and / or a valve of a passive cooling system of the containment vessel.

[0013] Furthermore, the hot end and the cold end of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at a third position and a fourth position, the third position is located on the surface of the insulation layer of the pressure vessel in the containment, and the fourth position is located in the annular space of the reactor building.

[0014] Furthermore, the hot end and the cold end of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are also arranged at a fifth position and a sixth position respectively, the fifth position is located at the lower part of the melt retention tank below the pressure vessel, and the sixth position is buried underground in the reactor building.

[0015] Furthermore, the electric energy generated by the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem can be supplied to the mechanical pump and water tank of the passive cooling system of the containment vessel.

[0016] Furthermore, the hot end and the cold end of the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at a seventh position and an eighth position, the seventh position is located in the spent fuel pool in the fuel plant, and the eighth position is located outside the fuel plant.

[0017] Furthermore, the electric energy generated by the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem can be supplied to the spent fuel cooling system.

[0018] In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, a method for distributing electric energy of a composite passive safety system of a nuclear power plant is proposed, which is based on the passive safety system described above and includes the following steps:

[0019] The power output monitoring step, the power distribution subsystem monitors the power output of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem in real time;

[0020] The equipment information acquisition step, wherein the power distribution subsystem acquires the equipment information and accident conditions in the nuclear power plant in real time;

[0021] In the power distribution step, the power distribution subsystem dynamically adjusts the path and intensity of power distribution to each device.

[0022] Furthermore, the device information includes operating status, power demand and priority information, and the priority information includes high priority, medium priority and low priority. In the event of an accident or emergency, the power distribution subsystem preferentially provides stable power to the device with the high priority.

[0023] Furthermore, the equipment with the high priority includes the mechanical pump of the passive cooling system of the containment and the spent fuel cooling system; the equipment with the medium priority includes the monitoring system, the alarm system, and the liquid level sensor and valve control system of the water tank; and the equipment with the low priority includes auxiliary equipment.

[0024] Furthermore, under normal conditions, the power distribution subsystem uses the electric energy generated by the temperature difference between the third position and the fourth position to provide electric energy to the mechanical pump and the water tank.

[0025] Furthermore, in the event of an accident or emergency, the power distribution subsystem uses the electrical energy generated by the temperature difference between the fifth position and the sixth position to provide electrical energy to the mechanical pump and the water tank.

[0026] Furthermore, the power output conditions include temperature difference data and power generation efficiency.

[0027] By applying the above technical solution of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0028] 1. The core features of the passive safety system of the present invention lie in its passive characteristics and system integration design. By designing three thermoelectric conversion subsystems, the naturally existing high temperature inside the nuclear power plant and the relatively low external ambient temperature are utilized to achieve efficient thermoelectric conversion without the need for additional cooling resources and a small amount of maintenance requirements, thereby reducing operating costs and system complexity.

[0029] 2. The passive safety system of the present invention generates electric energy of different powers according to different temperature differences, and accurately distributes the electric energy to the corresponding equipment through an intelligent power distribution subsystem. The strategy of distributing electric energy according to temperature differences not only optimizes resource utilization, but also greatly enhances the safety and emergency response capabilities of nuclear power plants under various operating conditions.

[0030] 3. The passive safety system of the present invention makes full use of the difference between the steel shell and the ambient temperature to maximize the power output by designing the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem; effectively promotes the recovery and utilization of heat in the core area of ​​the nuclear power plant by designing the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem; and utilizes the waste heat of the spent fuel pool to reduce the temperature of the spent fuel pool by designing the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem, thereby improving the overall safety and energy efficiency of the nuclear power plant.

[0031] 4. The passive safety system of the present invention cooperates with a special power distribution method, designs the priority information of the equipment, and uses different temperature differences between the hot and cold ends in daily and emergency conditions to ensure that the heat of the spent fuel pool and the reactor is effectively removed in the event of an accident, thereby reducing the risk of accidents caused by overheating of the nuclear power plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement positions of various thermoelectric conversion subsystems in one embodiment is shown.

[0034] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0035] 1. First position; 2. Second position; 3. Third position; 4. Fourth position; 5. Fifth position; 6. Sixth position; 7. Seventh position; 8. Eighth position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0037] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and these embodiments cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The term "including" when used indicates the existence of a feature, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features; the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention; in addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0039] Example:

[0040] The present invention proposes a composite passive safety system for a nuclear power plant, comprising a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and a third thermoelectric conversion subsystem. The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the upper part of the containment, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the lower part of the containment, and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the fuel plant outside the containment.

[0041] The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem all include a hot end, a cold end and a thermoelectric conversion device. The hot end and the cold end are respectively arranged at different positions, and there is a temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end. The thermoelectric conversion device can convert the temperature difference into electrical energy to provide electrical energy to various equipment in the nuclear power plant cooling system.

[0042] Furthermore, the passive safety system also includes a power distribution subsystem, which dynamically distributes the electric energy generated by the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and / or the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem to various devices.

[0043] The nuclear power plant's composite passive safety system utilizes the temperature difference between the high-temperature area inside the nuclear power plant and the low-temperature area outside, uses thermoelectric materials to efficiently generate electricity, and manages the distribution of electricity through a power distribution subsystem to drive the operation of different equipment.

[0044] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the hot end and the cold end of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at the first position 1 and the second position 2, the first position 1 is located at the top of the inner steel shell of the containment, and the second position 2 is located inside the chimney of the shielding plant. The temperature of the hot end is about 150°C, and due to the operation of the nuclear reactor, a large amount of heat energy will accumulate in this area. In contrast, the temperature of the cold end is about 100°C.

[0045] The temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is relatively small, about 50°C, and the power output is relatively low. Its power supply is concentrated on equipment with small power requirements but critical, such as monitoring systems, alarm systems, and some low-power pneumatic or hydraulic valves. These valves control the flow of cooling water or safety injection water in an emergency, ensuring the normal operation of the passive containment cooling system in the event of an external power outage or other emergency situations.

[0046] refer to Figure 1 As shown, the hot end and the cold end of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at the third position 3 and the fourth position 4, the third position 3 is located on the surface of the insulation layer of the pressure vessel in the containment, and the fourth position 4 is located in the annular space of the reactor building. The surface temperature of the insulation layer of the pressure vessel is about 300°C, and the temperature in the annular space is about 50°C, and the temperature difference is about 250°C.

[0047] Under normal operating conditions, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem uses the temperature difference between the pressure vessel insulation layer and the annular space to generate electricity that can power the mechanical pump in the passive containment cooling system, so that the water in the auxiliary water tank is transported to the water storage tank through the pipeline to provide backup cooling water for the containment. At the same time, the electricity generated by the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is also distributed to the power equipment related to the water storage tank to ensure the normal operation of these equipment, including liquid level sensors, valve control systems, etc., to ensure the effective operation of the entire cooling water circulation system.

[0048] In addition, the hot end and the cold end of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are also arranged at the fifth position 5 and the sixth position 6, respectively. The fifth position 5 is located at the lower part of the melt retention tank below the pressure vessel, and the sixth position 6 is buried underground in the reactor building. When a serious accident occurs, the core melts and overflows into the melt retention tank. At this time, the temperature of the melt retention tank rises to about 2000°C, which can serve as the hot end of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem in the event of an accident. The cold end is preferably arranged about ten meters underground in the reactor building, and the cold end temperature is about 40°C. At this time, the temperature difference is about 1960°C.

[0049] In the event of a serious accident, the extremely high temperature generated by the core melt can be used to greatly improve the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem. The generated electrical energy is more abundant, which can drive the mechanical pump to directly transport a large amount of cooling water to the surface of the containment to form a cooling water film, thereby effectively exporting the heat of the containment in a passive way to ensure that the pressure and temperature inside the containment are controlled. In addition, this efficient electricity is also allocated to control and operate related electrical equipment of the water tank. For example, with power support, the valve can be opened quickly to introduce the spare cooling water in the water tank into the cooling system, further improving the cooling capacity of the containment. At the same time, the liquid level monitoring equipment ensures that the water level in the water tank is always kept within a safe range to avoid the risk of water depletion.

[0050] In some other embodiments, the cold end may also be arbitrarily selected between the fourth position 4 and the sixth position 6 mentioned above.

[0051] Continue to refer Figure 1 As shown, the hot end and cold end of the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at the seventh position 7 and the eighth position 8, the seventh position 7 is located in the spent fuel pool in the fuel plant, and the eighth position 8 is located outside the fuel plant. The hot end temperature is about 350°C, and the cold end temperature is about 40°C. The third thermoelectric conversion subsystem can efficiently recover energy from the waste heat of the spent fuel pool and convert it into electrical energy.

[0052] The electricity generated by the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem can be supplied to the spent fuel cooling system. In the event of an accident resulting in the loss of off-site power, the generated electricity can provide power for related equipment of the spent fuel cooling system, such as cooling pumps and valves, and inject water from the auxiliary water tank for containment cooling into the spent fuel pool to ensure the safety of the spent fuel. In this process, this design not only improves the energy utilization efficiency of the nuclear power plant, but also effectively extracts the waste heat of the spent fuel, reduces the risk of accidents caused by overheating of the spent fuel, and improves safety.

[0053] The present invention also proposes a method for distributing electric energy of a composite passive safety system of a nuclear power plant, which is based on the above passive safety system and includes the following steps:

[0054] In the step of monitoring the power output, the power distribution subsystem monitors the power output of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem in real time, and the power output includes temperature difference data and power generation efficiency.

[0055] In the equipment information acquisition step, the power distribution subsystem acquires the key equipment information and accident conditions in the nuclear power plant in real time.

[0056] In the power distribution step, the power distribution subsystem dynamically adjusts the path and intensity of power distribution to each device.

[0057] Furthermore, the equipment information includes operating status, power demand and priority information. The priority information includes high priority, medium priority and low priority. In the event of an accident or emergency, the power distribution subsystem will give priority to providing stable power to equipment with high priority.

[0058] Specifically, high-priority equipment includes mechanical pumps, key valves, spent fuel cooling systems, etc. of the containment cooling system. These equipment must be given priority to receive power support in emergency situations, such as severe accidents or external power outages, to ensure the safety of the nuclear power plant. The power distribution subsystem will give priority to allocating high-power electrical energy from the second and third thermoelectric conversion subsystems to these equipment.

[0059] Medium priority equipment includes monitoring systems, alarm systems, and power equipment related to water storage tanks, such as liquid level sensors, valve control systems, etc. These devices are also very important in daily operations, especially in non-emergency situations, and the power distribution subsystem will give priority to ensuring that they have a stable power supply.

[0060] Low-priority equipment includes some non-critical auxiliary equipment in the nuclear power plant. These equipment can use surplus power in normal operation, and when the power supply is tight, the power distribution subsystem will reduce the power distribution to them to ensure that the power supply of high-priority equipment is not affected.

[0061] The power distribution subsystem can dynamically adjust the intensity and path of power distribution according to the current operating status of the nuclear power plant, accident scenarios, and the power generation of each thermal power conversion subsystem.

[0062] Specifically, under normal conditions, the power distribution subsystem provides power to the mechanical pump and the water tank using the electric energy generated by the temperature difference between the third position 3 and the fourth position 4. In the event of an accident or emergency, the power distribution subsystem provides power to the mechanical pump and the water tank using the electric energy generated by the temperature difference between the fifth position 5 and the sixth position 6.

[0063] When a core melt accident occurs, the power distribution subsystem will automatically prioritize power distribution to the mechanical pumps and high-power valves of the cooling system to ensure the cooling capacity of the containment. Under normal operating conditions, power is mainly used to maintain the normal operation of the monitoring and alarm systems. In the event of an accident or emergency, the power distribution system will automatically increase the power supply level of high-priority equipment to ensure that these equipment have sufficient power.

[0064] In summary, from the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0065] 1. The core features of the passive safety system of the present invention lie in its passive characteristics and system integration design. By designing three thermoelectric conversion subsystems, the naturally existing high temperature inside the nuclear power plant and the relatively low external ambient temperature are utilized to achieve efficient thermoelectric conversion without the need for additional cooling resources and a small amount of maintenance requirements, thereby reducing operating costs and system complexity.

[0066] 2. The passive safety system of the present invention generates electric energy of different powers according to different temperature differences, and accurately distributes the electric energy to the corresponding equipment through an intelligent power distribution subsystem. The strategy of distributing electric energy according to temperature differences not only optimizes resource utilization, but also greatly enhances the safety and emergency response capabilities of nuclear power plants under various operating conditions.

[0067] 3. The passive safety system of the present invention makes full use of the difference between the steel shell and the ambient temperature to maximize the power output by designing the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem; effectively promotes the recovery and utilization of heat in the core area of ​​the nuclear power plant by designing the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem; and utilizes the waste heat of the spent fuel pool to reduce the temperature of the spent fuel pool by designing the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem, thereby improving the overall safety and energy efficiency of the nuclear power plant.

[0068] 4. The passive safety system of the present invention cooperates with a special power distribution method, designs the priority information of the equipment, and uses different temperature differences between the hot and cold ends in daily and emergency conditions to ensure that the heat of the spent fuel pool and the reactor is effectively removed in the event of an accident, thereby reducing the risk of accidents caused by overheating of the nuclear power plant.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite passive safety system for a nuclear power plant, characterized in that: It includes a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and a third thermoelectric conversion subsystem, wherein the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the upper part of the containment, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the lower part of the containment, and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem is arranged at the fuel plant outside the containment; The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem each include a hot end, a cold end and a thermoelectric conversion device. The hot end and the cold end are respectively arranged at different positions, and there is a temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end. The thermoelectric conversion device can convert the temperature difference into electrical energy to provide electrical energy to various equipment in the nuclear power plant cooling system.

2. The passive safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive safety system further includes a power distribution subsystem, which dynamically distributes the electric energy generated by the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and / or the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem to each of the devices.

3. The passive safety system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hot end and the cold end of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at a first position (1) and a second position (2), the first position (1) being located at the top of the inner steel shell of the containment vessel, and the second position (2) being located inside the chimney of the shielding plant.

4. The passive safety system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electric energy generated by the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem may be supplied to a monitoring system, an alarm system and / or valves of a passive cooling system of a containment vessel.

5. The passive safety system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hot end and the cold end of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at a third position (3) and a fourth position (4), wherein the third position (3) is located on the surface of the insulation layer of the pressure vessel in the containment vessel, and the fourth position (4) is located in the annular space of the reactor building.

6. The passive safety system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hot end and the cold end of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are also arranged at a fifth position (5) and a sixth position (6) respectively, the fifth position (5) is located at the lower part of the melt retention tank below the pressure vessel, and the sixth position (6) is buried underground in the reactor building.

7. The passive safety system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electric energy generated by the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem can be supplied to the mechanical pump and water storage tank of the passive cooling system of the containment vessel.

8. The passive safety system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hot end and the cold end of the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem are respectively arranged at a seventh position (7) and an eighth position (8), the seventh position (7) being located in the spent fuel pool in the fuel plant, and the eighth position (8) being located outside the fuel plant.

9. The passive safety system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electric energy generated by the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem can be supplied to the spent fuel cooling system.

10. A method for distributing electric energy of a composite passive safety system of a nuclear power plant, characterized in that: A passive safety system based on any one of claims 2 to 9, comprising the following steps: The power output monitoring step, the power distribution subsystem monitors the power output of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the third thermoelectric conversion subsystem in real time; The equipment information acquisition step, wherein the power distribution subsystem acquires the equipment information and accident conditions in the nuclear power plant in real time; In the power distribution step, the power distribution subsystem dynamically adjusts the path and intensity of power distribution to each device.

11. The electric energy distribution method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The device information includes operating status, power demand and priority information. The priority information includes high priority, medium priority and low priority. In the event of an accident or emergency, the power distribution subsystem will give priority to providing stable power to the devices with the high priority.

12. The electric energy distribution method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The equipment with the high priority includes the mechanical pumps of the passive cooling system of the containment and the spent fuel cooling system; the equipment with the medium priority includes the monitoring system, the alarm system, and the liquid level sensor and valve control system of the water tank; the equipment with the low priority includes auxiliary equipment.

13. The electric energy distribution method according to claim 12, characterized in that: Under normal conditions, the power distribution subsystem uses the electrical energy generated by the temperature difference between the third position (3) and the fourth position (4) to provide electrical energy to the mechanical pump and the water storage tank.

14. The electric energy distribution method according to claim 13, characterized in that: In the event of an accident or emergency, the power distribution subsystem uses the electrical energy generated by the temperature difference between the fifth position (5) and the sixth position (6) to provide electrical energy to the mechanical pump and the water tank.

15. The electric energy distribution method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The power output conditions include temperature difference data and power generation efficiency.

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