Welding method and device capable of suppressing hump defect

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding method capable of inhibiting a hump defect, which relates to the field of welding and comprises the following steps: S1, processing a microstructure on a first welding surface of a first to-be-welded part and / or a second welding surface of a second to-be-welded part; s2, the first welding face of the first to-be-welded part is in butt joint with the second welding face of the second to-be-welded part; and the first welding face and the second welding face are welded together in a laser penetration welding mode. The invention further discloses a welding device which comprises a microstructure machining device and a welding device, the microstructure machining device is used for machining the microstructure on the first welding face and / or the second welding face, and the welding device is used for welding the first welding face and the second welding face. The invention further discloses a corresponding welding device. Welding can be completed with low laser power, the hump defect is restrained, and a welding seam with good performance is obtained; additional auxiliary equipment is not needed, the flexibility of a welding head is ensured, and the welding cost is low; and the application range is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular to a welding method and device capable of suppressing hump defects. Background Art

[0002] Thick plate welding is a key process in the manufacturing process of large-scale equipment such as aerospace, shipbuilding, rail transportation, and engineering machinery. Its quality directly determines the service performance and life of the equipment. With the continuous development of social needs and industrial technology, the structure and service environment of large-scale equipment are becoming more and more complex, which puts forward more stringent requirements for the welding and manufacturing of thick plates. In recent years, with the birth of fiber lasers and the continuous advancement of laser technology, the beam quality of lasers has been continuously improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency has been continuously improved, and the output power has been continuously increased, laying a solid foundation for its rapid development in the field of thick plate welding. Compared with traditional multi-layer and multi-pass arc welding, laser welding has the advantages of fast welding speed, high efficiency, low deformation and residual stress; compared with electron beam welding, laser welding has the advantages of not requiring a vacuum environment, easy to achieve welding of large and complex structures, and strong process adaptability; compared with stir friction welding, laser welding has the advantages of fast speed, high flexibility, strong adaptability, and no need for subsequent processing. Therefore, laser welding technology has its unique advantages in high efficiency, high quality, and high adaptability, and has become one of the important research directions in the field of thick plate welding in recent years.

[0003] Commonly used thick plate welding methods that can suppress hump defects include laser multi-pass filling welding (arcing wire or no arcing) and laser single-pass penetration welding. Laser multi-pass filling welding mainly fills the groove through the melting transition of the welding wire. Due to the limitations of factors such as the amount of welding wire melting, the stability of the droplet transition and the flow of the molten pool, the filling thickness of single-pass filling welding is limited. Therefore, using this method to achieve thick plate welding generally requires multiple welds. The difference is that laser penetration welding refers to a welding method that can suppress hump defects in which the molten pool or keyhole completely penetrates the test plate during the welding process. Laser penetration welding relies on the high energy density and strong penetration of the laser. It can completely penetrate and melt the material without setting the groove and filling material, thereby realizing single-pass welding of thick plates. Compared with laser filling welding, the efficiency of laser penetration welding is significantly improved and the heat input is significantly reduced. Its application is of great significance for further shortening the manufacturing and maintenance cycle of large equipment and improving the service performance and life of large equipment.

[0004] However, in the process of laser single-pass penetration welding, hump defects are very likely to occur. Among them, hump refers to the uniformly distributed weld nodules that appear on the back of the weld. Since the metal gathers on the back of the weld to form weld nodules, the front of the weld is often accompanied by concave, forming derivative defects such as depressions. The irregular concave of the front weld often leads to stress concentration, which will seriously deteriorate the strength and fatigue performance of the weld, and thus seriously weaken the performance of the joint. At present, the hump defect generated during laser penetration welding of thick plates has become an important obstacle to the application of this technology in related fields, and a breakthrough is urgently needed. At present, the methods for suppressing hump defects in thick plate laser welding mainly include vacuum method, magnetic field assisted method, air chamber assisted method, and bottom pad method. Among them, the vacuum method requires placing the test plate in a vacuum chamber for low-pressure or vacuum welding, and the welding effect is relatively ideal, but the vacuum chamber is complicated to build, the cost is high, the welding area is limited, and it basically remains in the laboratory stage; the magnetic field assisted method requires the establishment of electromagnetic field equipment, and the external magnetic field is used to compensate for the lack of surface tension to achieve the suppression of hump defects, but the electromagnetic field equipment is complicated to build, the magnetic field effect is uneven, and it is difficult to obtain the ideal effect; the air chamber assisted method requires the establishment of an air chamber on the back of the test plate, and the air pressure is used to compensate for the lack of surface tension to achieve the suppression of hump defects. This method has high requirements for air tightness and is not suitable for long welds and curved welds; the bottom pad method requires the establishment of a metal sheet on the back of the test plate to physically support the collapsed molten pool, the effect is not ideal, and post-weld grinding is required.

[0005] Chinese patent CN111872551B provides a method for suppressing the hump defect on the back of a laser welding weld. The method uses a special airflow nozzle to add a high-speed horizontal airflow above the molten pool, so that a pressure difference is formed above and below the molten pool due to the Bernoulli effect. The generated differential pressure acts on the molten pool, suppressing the flow of the molten pool to the back of the weld, thereby suppressing the generation of the hump defect on the back of the weld. The patent has the following defects: First, the patent generates a pressure difference by horizontally blowing airflow to form a Bernoulli effect to compensate for the lack of surface tension of the bottom molten pool. The effective pressure range that can be generated is within a small airflow range starting from the nozzle end. The airflow path is a horizontal path, which is only applicable to straight welds and difficult to apply to curved welds; and for inclined welds (welds are inclined relative to the horizontal plane), due to the inclination of the molten pool, the gravity state of the molten pool changes. Whether the air pressure difference generated by the airflow can effectively suppress the hump remains to be verified, which is difficult to apply to inclined welds and has a limited application range; Second, in order to generate sufficient pressure in the molten pool, the pressure difference generated by the airflow is not enough to suppress the hump. The force difference is that the airflow velocity applied to the front weld is relatively large, and the high-speed airflow may directly act on the molten pool of the front weld, causing it to be impacted and causing the welding process to become unstable; third, with the increase of plate thickness, the gravity of the molten pool and the recoil pressure are greater, and the force difference generated by the airflow may be difficult to meet actual needs; fourth, the force and flow state of the molten pool on the back of the weld are different. The force difference generated by this method is theoretically almost the same, and it is difficult to achieve uniform suppression of defects; fifth, a special airflow nozzle is required to be added and a higher flow rate surface airflow is connected, which adds additional auxiliary equipment and reduces the flexibility of the welding head; and the use of airflow increases the welding cost.

[0006] Chinese patent CN108406145A discloses a gas buoyancy assisted welding device and a welding method using the device. The basic principle is to form a closed air chamber under the weld through the auxiliary device and the workpiece, and the air chamber is filled with gas at a certain pressure. By controlling the flow rate of the outlet solenoid valve and the inlet solenoid valve 206, the air pressure in the air chamber is maintained stable, and a high-pressure atmosphere is created at the bottom of the weld. The pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the weld is used to balance the gravity and dynamic pressure that cannot be balanced by the surface tension of the lower surface of the molten pool, so as to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the molten pool, eliminate welding defects such as collapse and humps, and thus improve the welding quality. This patent has the following defects: 1. This patent requires setting up an air chamber and controlling the gas flow rate, and the equipment is relatively complex; 2. The air chamber needs to fit tightly with the test plate to ensure airtightness, and the operation is complicated in actual production and has low adaptability; 3. During welding, the air chamber needs to be placed on the back of the weld and remain motionless. After completing local welding, it needs to be disassembled, repositioned, and reinstalled before the subsequent welding of a single long weld can be completed. The operation is complicated and the efficiency is low; if a customized design of a long length air chamber is used, the cost and working space will increase, which can hardly meet actual production; 4. It is difficult to customize the air chamber suitable for curved welds and oblique welds, it is difficult to ensure the airtightness of the air chamber, and it is difficult to apply to curved welds and oblique welds. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding method and device capable of suppressing hump defects, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and to complete welding on the basis of lower laser power parameters, thereby suppressing hump defects and obtaining welds with good performance; hump defects can be suppressed without the need for additional auxiliary equipment, and will not affect the welding process or the flexibility of the welding head, and the welding cost is low; and the application range is wide.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a welding method capable of suppressing hump defects, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1, machining a microstructure on a first welding surface of a first workpiece to be welded and / or a second welding surface of a second workpiece to be welded;

[0011] S2. Butt the first welding surface of the first workpiece to be welded with the second welding surface of the second workpiece to be welded; and weld the first welding surface and the second welding surface together by laser penetration welding.

[0012] Preferably, S1 includes: removing oxide film and impurities on the first welding surface while performing microstructural processing on the first welding surface; and removing oxide film and impurities on the second welding surface while performing microstructural processing on the second welding surface.

[0013] Preferably, S1 includes: processing the microstructure on the first welding surface and / or the second welding surface by pulse laser.

[0014] Preferably, S2 includes: performing laser welding on the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded by a welding head, and during welding, an angle between the welding head and a straight line perpendicular to the first part to be welded is greater than 0°.

[0015] Preferably, S2 includes: when welding, the angle between the welding head and a straight line perpendicular to the first workpiece to be welded is 5°.

[0016] Preferably, S2 includes: the butt-jointing method of the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded includes: making a portion of the welding surface of the first welding surface contact a portion of the welding surface of the second welding surface; when the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded are in a butt-jointing state, the distance between the first welding surface and the second welding surface on any cross section perpendicular to the welding direction is an initial gap, and the ratio of the average value of all initial gaps of the first welding surface and the second welding surface to the beam diameter of the laser used for welding is 1 / 12 to 1 / 3.

[0017] Preferably, S1 further comprises: before performing the microstructure processing, performing milling processing on the first workpiece to be welded and / or the first workpiece to be welded to obtain a flat first welding surface and / or a flat second welding surface.

[0018] Preferably, S2 includes: during welding, spraying a shielding gas onto a weld between the first workpiece to be welded and the second workpiece to be welded.

[0019] The present invention provides a welding device used in the welding method capable of suppressing hump defects, comprising a microstructure processing device and a welding device, wherein the microstructure processing device is used to process the microstructure on the first welding surface and / or the second welding surface, and the welding device is used to weld the first welding surface and the second welding surface.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes a shielding gas injection device, the welding device includes a welding head; the shielding gas injection device is used to inject shielding gas to the weld between the first workpiece to be welded and the second workpiece to be welded; the angle between the welding head and the straight line perpendicular to the first workpiece to be welded is greater than 0°.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0022] The present invention provides a welding method and device capable of suppressing hump defects, comprising the following steps S1, processing a microstructure on a first welding surface of a first workpiece to be welded and / or a second welding surface of a second workpiece to be welded; S2, welding the first welding surface and the second welding surface together by laser penetration welding. By processing the microstructure, the gap and surface roughness of the butt weld can be increased, thereby increasing the absorption of laser energy by the first welding surface and / or the second welding surface, and welding can be completed on the basis of lower laser power parameters, achieving suppression of hump defects and obtaining welds with good performance; hump defects can be suppressed without the need for additional auxiliary equipment, will not affect the welding process, will not affect the flexibility of the welding head, and the welding cost is low; because the microstructure is processed on the workpiece to be welded to increase the absorption of laser energy during the welding process of the workpiece to be welded, the method is not limited by the type of weld, and can be applied to a variety of weld types such as straight welds, curved welds and oblique welds, and has a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the process of a welding method capable of suppressing hump defects provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the laser on the butt joint section during welding;

[0026] In the figure: 100, welding device; 1, first workpiece to be welded; 101, first welding surface; 2, second workpiece to be welded; 201, second welding surface; 3, welding head; 4, shielding gas injection device; d, initial gap; S, welding gap area; t, welding length. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding method and device capable of suppressing hump defects, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and to complete welding on the basis of lower laser power parameters, thereby suppressing hump defects and obtaining welds with good performance; hump defects can be suppressed without the need for additional auxiliary equipment, and will not affect the welding process or the flexibility of the welding head, and the welding cost is low; and the application range is wide.

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a welding method capable of suppressing hump defects, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1, machining a microstructure on the first welding surface 101 of the first workpiece to be welded 1 and / or the second welding surface 201 of the second workpiece to be welded 2;

[0033] S2, butting the first welding surface 101 of the first workpiece 1 to be welded and the second welding surface 201 of the second workpiece 2 to be welded, and welding the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 together by laser penetration welding.

[0034] By processing the microstructure, the gap and surface roughness of the butt weld can be increased. The rough surface microstructure can allow more lasers to be incident on the weld and increase the number of laser reflections, thereby increasing the absorption of laser energy by the first welding surface 101 and / or the second welding surface 201. Welding can be completed on the basis of lower laser power parameters, hump defects can be suppressed, and welds with good performance can be obtained. No external auxiliary equipment is required to suppress hump defects, which will not affect the welding process or the flexibility of the welding head 3, and the welding cost is low. Since the microstructure is processed on the workpiece to be welded to increase the absorption of laser energy during the welding process of the workpiece to be welded, this method is not limited by the type of weld and can be applied to a variety of weld types such as straight welds, curved welds and oblique welds, and has a wide range of applications.

[0035] In this embodiment, S1 includes: while performing microstructural processing on the first welding surface 101, removing the oxide film and impurities on the first welding surface 101; while performing microstructural processing on the second welding surface 201, removing the oxide film and impurities on the second welding surface 201. Before welding, it is generally necessary to remove the oxide film and impurities. In this embodiment, the process of preparing the microstructure itself is also removing the oxide film and impurities, so that the entire welding process does not add additional steps, and the efficiency is high and the cost is low.

[0036] In this embodiment, S1 includes: processing a microstructure on the first welding surface 101 and / or the second welding surface 201 by pulse laser. The pulse laser can achieve a laser cleaning effect and realize the processing of the microstructure at the same time.

[0037] In this embodiment, S2 includes: performing laser welding on the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 by means of the welding head 3. During the welding, the angle between the welding head 3 and the straight line perpendicular to the first workpiece 1 is greater than 0°.

[0038] In this embodiment, S2 includes: when welding, the angle between the welding head 3 and the straight line perpendicular to the first welded workpiece 1 is 5° to protect the welding head 3 from damage by laser reflection. During processing, the test piece is generally horizontal, and the angle between the welding head 3 and the vertical direction is 5°.

[0039] In this embodiment, S1 further includes: before performing microstructure processing, performing milling processing on the first workpiece to be welded 1 and / or the first workpiece to be welded 1 to obtain a flat first welding surface 101 and / or a flat second welding surface 201.

[0040] In this embodiment, S2 includes: the method for butting the first workpiece 1 to be welded and the second workpiece 2 to be welded includes: making a part of the welding surface of the first welding surface 101 contact a part of the welding surface of the second welding surface 201; when the first workpiece 1 to be welded and the second workpiece 2 to be welded are in a butt state, the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 are at any one perpendicular to the welding direction ( Figure 1 The distance on the cross section (in the direction indicated by the arrow in the middle) is the initial gap d, and the ratio of the average value of all initial gaps d of the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 to the beam diameter of the laser used for welding is 1 / 12 to 1 / 3. The first welding surface 101 and / or the second welding surface 201 after milling is very flat, and the first welding surface 101 and / or the second welding surface 201 after microstructural treatment can change its surface microstructural morphology according to needs. Figure 2 As shown, when the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 are brought into contact with each other, the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 cannot be completely in contact, and only part of the welding surface can be in contact. The average value of the initial gap d between the first workpiece 1 to be welded and the second workpiece 2 to be welded during welding is D, and a rougher surface microstructure means that D is larger. As D increases, more lasers can be directly incident into the gap and perform multiple reflections. At the same time, the rough surface microstructure can increase the number of laser reflections, so that more laser energy is absorbed. It should be noted that when D is greater than a certain threshold (1 / 12 to 1 / 3 of the beam diameter of the laser used for welding), the laser will pass directly through the gap and normal welding cannot be achieved, so D cannot be too large. When D is less than the above threshold, due to the small gap, the laser energy is relatively less absorbed, and the surface microstructure has almost no effect on the welding process, so D cannot be too small. The absorption of laser energy by the workpiece to be welded during welding is increased by the microstructure, thereby suppressing the hump defect at a lower laser power. This embodiment can greatly reduce the dependence on laser power, does not require additional auxiliary equipment, has strong applicability, and has low production cost; the effect is uniform; and there is no need for post-weld grinding.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 are microstructured using the same process parameters to prevent a large difference in surface structure between the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201, thereby ensuring the consistency of weld formation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the average value of all initial gaps d of the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 is: obtain the welding gap area S between the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 in the docking state; obtain the welding length, when the lengths of the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 along the direction perpendicular to the welding direction are the same, the lengths of the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 along the direction perpendicular to the welding direction are the welding length t, when the lengths of the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 along the direction perpendicular to the welding direction are different, the smaller one of the lengths of the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 along the direction perpendicular to the welding direction is the welding length t; the average value of all initial gaps d of the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201 is the ratio of the welding gap area S to the welding length t.

[0043] In this embodiment, S2 includes: when welding, spraying a shielding gas to the weld between the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2, so that the shielding gas acts on the welding molten pool.

[0044] The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects provided in this embodiment can be applied to welding parts of various thicknesses that can be penetrated by laser in a single pass and have a certain cross-sectional area to prepare microstructures, such as the welding of plates with a thickness of 5 mm to 25 mm.

[0045] Table 1 is a comparison table of the forming conditions of 20mm stainless steel test plates under different cross-section (surface to be welded) surface conditions by changing laser welding parameters. Among them, Group 1 in Table 1 adopts low-speed welding, resulting in hump defects; Group 3 in Table 1 adopts high-speed welding, which can obtain well-formed welded joints without taking any external equipment and measures, and is currently the most convenient and effective method for suppressing hump defects. However, for laser penetration welding, as the welding speed increases, the required laser power is also greater, which puts higher requirements on the maximum power of the laser. The use of a higher-power laser means more equipment cost and production cost. The appearance of hump defects is often related to insufficient welding heat input. If the heat input is further reduced, it often leads to incomplete penetration; if the heat input is further increased, it is possible to obtain a well-formed weld. However, if the welding speed is reduced on the basis of the parameters of Group 1 to increase the heat input, due to the low welding speed, the molten pool is more likely to collapse and form a serious concave defect, as shown in Group 2 in Table 1. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the method of reducing the welding speed to increase the heat input. This embodiment increases the absorption of laser energy by the welded parts during welding by microstructure, so that welding can be completed based on the lower laser power parameters of group 1, and the hump defect can be suppressed, as shown in the results of group 4 in Table 1. This embodiment greatly reduces the dependence on laser power, does not require additional auxiliary equipment, has strong applicability, and has low production cost.

[0046] Table 1 Forming of 20 mm stainless steel test plate corresponding to changing laser welding parameters under different cross-sectional conditions

[0047]

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment provides a welding device 100 used in the welding method capable of suppressing hump defects in Embodiment 1, comprising a microstructure processing device and a welding device, wherein the microstructure processing device is used to process microstructures on the first welding surface 101 and / or the second welding surface 201, and the welding device is used to weld the first welding surface 101 and the second welding surface 201. The first welding surface 101 and / or the second welding surface 201 processed by the microstructure processing device is welded by the welding device, and welding can be completed on the basis of lower laser power parameters, hump defects can be suppressed, and a weld with good performance can be obtained; no additional auxiliary equipment is required, the applicability is strong, and the production cost is low.

[0050] In this embodiment, a shielding gas injection device 4 is also included, and the welding device includes a welding head 3; the shielding gas injection device 4 is used to inject shielding gas into the weld between the first workpiece to be welded 1 and the second workpiece to be welded 2; the angle between the welding head 3 and the straight line perpendicular to the first workpiece to be welded 1 is greater than 0°.

[0051] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding method capable of suppressing hump defects, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, machining a microstructure on a first welding surface of a first workpiece to be welded and / or a second welding surface of a second workpiece to be welded; S2. Butt the first welding surface of the first workpiece to be welded with the second welding surface of the second workpiece to be welded; and weld the first welding surface and the second welding surface together by laser penetration welding.

2. The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1 includes: While the first welding surface is being microstructured, the oxide film and impurities on the first welding surface are removed; while the second welding surface is being microstructured, the oxide film and impurities on the second welding surface are removed.

3. The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1 includes: The microstructure is processed on the first welding surface and / or the second welding surface by using a pulsed laser.

4. The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2 includes: The first part to be welded and the second part to be welded are laser welded by a welding head. During the welding, an angle between the welding head and a straight line perpendicular to the first part to be welded is greater than 0°.

5. The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to claim 4, characterized in that: S2 includes: During welding, the angle between the welding head and a straight line perpendicular to the first workpiece to be welded is 5°.

6. The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2 includes: The method for butting the first workpiece to be welded and the second workpiece to be welded comprises: bringing a portion of the welding surface of the first welding surface into contact with a portion of the welding surface of the second welding surface; When the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded are in a butt joint state, the distance between the first welding surface and the second welding surface on any cross section perpendicular to the welding direction is an initial gap, so that the ratio of the average value of all initial gaps between the first welding surface and the second welding surface to the beam diameter of the laser used for welding is 1 / 12 to 1 / 3.

7. The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1 also includes: before performing the microstructure processing, performing a milling process on the first workpiece to be welded and / or the first workpiece to be welded to obtain a flat first welding surface and / or a flat second welding surface.

8. The welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2 includes: When welding is performed, a shielding gas is sprayed toward the weld between the first workpiece to be welded and the second workpiece to be welded.

9. A welding device used in the welding method capable of suppressing hump defects according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It comprises a microstructure processing device and a welding device, wherein the microstructure processing device is used for processing the microstructure on the first welding surface and / or the second welding surface, and the welding device is used for welding the first welding surface and the second welding surface.

10. The welding device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a shielding gas injection device, the welding device includes a welding head; the shielding gas injection device is used to inject shielding gas to the weld between the first workpiece to be welded and the second workpiece to be welded; the angle between the welding head and the straight line perpendicular to the first workpiece to be welded is greater than 0°.

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