Gel material, venipuncture model prepared from gel material and application of venipuncture model

Abstract

The invention provides a gel material. The gel material comprises the following components: agar, carrageenan, konjac glucomannan and an additive, the mass ratio of the agar to the carrageenan to the konjac glucomannan is (18-22): (1-5): (1-5); the additives comprise monopotassium phosphate, potassium sorbate and food coloring. The venipuncture model is a highly-simulated human blood vessel model, can simulate a real human blood vessel structure, enables a learner to perform practical operation in a simulated environment, improves the learning effect, adopts agar as a main material, is simple to manufacture, low in cost and convenient for large-scale production and popularization, and has wide application prospects. Practical needle insertion puncture of a single point of a single model can reach more than 70 times, the service life of the mold is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of medical teaching, and in particular relates to a gel material and a venous puncture model prepared therefrom and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of medical technology, ultrasound-assisted venipuncture and PICC catheterization techniques have been widely used in clinical practice and have become an indispensable part of modern medicine. However, these techniques often have certain operational difficulties and risks for beginners. When beginners perform venipuncture and PICC catheterization under ultrasound, they may fail to perform puncture due to insufficient clinical practice experience, unskilled operation, improper blood vessel selection, improper needle insertion angle, improper puncture needle selection, misjudgment, incorrect tube delivery angle, insufficient skin expansion, shallow or deep insertion, and excessive angle between the puncture needle and the vascular endothelium. The accuracy of ultrasound-assisted venipuncture and PICC catheterization directly affects the patient's treatment effect and safety. If the operation is improper, it may lead to complications such as vascular damage, infection, and thrombosis.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop new teaching aids to simulate the real operating environment, reduce the difficulty of operation, and improve the practical technical level of beginners.

[0004] The new teaching aids can simulate real vascular structure, blood flow, patient movement and other factors, allowing beginners to practice repeatedly in a simulated environment, helping them to become familiar with the operation process, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the operation, mastering the correct operation methods, and reducing the occurrence of complications.

[0005] At present, the ultrasonic puncture molds in the existing technology are expensive and difficult to obtain. They are worn out after more than ten punctures and cannot be used anymore. Most of these molds are high-value consumables used by lecturers for demonstrations and cannot meet the daily puncture practice needs of every student. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a gel material and a venous puncture model prepared therefrom and its application, so as to solve the technical problems of the prior art of the venous puncture model under ultrasound, such as complex structure, high cost, inconvenience in use and lack of durability.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a gel material, comprising the following ingredients: agar, carrageenan, konjac gum, and additives;

[0009] The mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:1-5:1-5.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:3:3.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 20:3:3.

[0012] Furthermore, the additives include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sorbate, and food coloring.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the gel material according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Pour water into a container and boil it;

[0015] Step 2: Take agar powder, konjac gum, and carrageenan and add them to the continuously heated boiling water in step 1 while stirring until completely dissolved. Prevent condensation during the stirring process;

[0016] Step 3: Continue to heat the solution obtained in step 2, add food coloring, and stir evenly;

[0017] Step 4: Add potassium sorbate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved, and obtain a mixed solution;

[0018] Step 5: Pour the mixed solution into the mold, cool to room temperature, and take it out after solidification.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:1-5:1-5.

[0020] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:3:3.

[0021] Furthermore, the mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 20:3:3.

[0022] Furthermore, the mass ratio of potassium sorbate to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1-3:0.5-2.

[0023] Furthermore, the mass ratio of potassium sorbate to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 2:1.

[0024] Further, the food coloring includes pink food coloring, lemon food coloring, and white food coloring;

[0025] The mass ratio of pink food coloring, lemon food coloring and white food coloring is 1:1:2.

[0026] The third aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic venous puncture model prepared according to the gel material described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the gel material described in the first aspect of the present invention and a rubber tube, wherein rubber tubes of different diameters are embedded in the gel material, and the rubber tubes are used to simulate human blood vessels.

[0027] Preferably, the diameter of the rubber tube is 3-5 mm, and a thinner simulated child vein or a curved path of the CVC tube can also be customized according to individual needs.

[0028] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a use of the gel material according to the first aspect of the present invention in preparing an ultrasonic venous puncture model.

[0029] The main component of agar is polygalactose sulfate. Agar is also called agar gel and jelly powder. It is a polysaccharide extracted from red algae such as Gelidium agar and Gracilaria. Agar is white or light yellow in color, tasteless, and hydrophilic. It can be added to food as a food additive to play a variety of roles such as thickening, gelling, stabilization, and moisture retention. Appropriate addition is usually harmless to the human body. In daily life, it is often used to make soft candies, jellies, ice cream, cakes and other foods. Agar has the advantages of easy shaping and reusability, can simulate the real human body structure, and has good ultrasonic sound transmission performance.

[0030] Carrageenan is a calcium, potassium, sodium and ammonium salt of polysaccharide sulfate composed of galactose and anhydrogalactose. The chemical structure of carrageenan is a linear polysaccharide compound composed of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose residues. It is a hydrophilic colloid extracted from red algae seaweeds such as Eucheuma, Gelidium, and Staghorn. Carrageenan is safe and reliable, with a wide range of industrial application value. It plays an important role in daily chemical industry and medical research, especially in the food industry, where it is usually used as a thickener, gelling agent, suspending agent, emulsifier and stabilizer. For example, in the production of jelly and ice cream, carrageenan can provide the required texture and stability.

[0031] The main chemical composition of konjac gum is glucomannan, in which the molecular ratio of glucose to mannose is about 2:3. Konjac gum and κ-carrageenan are both commonly used gelling agents in the food industry. When carrageenan and konjac gum are properly compounded, a thermoreversible elastic gel can be formed under neutral to acidic conditions. The formed gel also has the characteristics of requiring less gelling agent, high gel strength, and low water separation rate.

[0032] Konjac gum and carrageenan have a strong synergistic effect, which can significantly enhance the gel strength and elasticity of carrageenan and reduce the water secretion of carrageenan. Its effect is stronger than that of locust bean gum and has great application value in the food industry.

[0033] In the present invention, a small amount of carrageenan and konjac gum is added to the agar mold, which can improve the overall strength, elasticity, toughness and water retention of the mold, is beneficial to improving the anti-corrosion performance of the mold, improves the overall ultrasonic sound permeability of the mold, enhances the use experience, and extends the use cycle.

[0034] The function of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is to prevent water loss, further improve the toughness and water retention of the model, and increase its service life.

[0035] Potassium sorbate, as a preservative, has an antiseptic effect and can increase the service life of the gel material.

[0036] Food coloring is used for color adjustment to make the gel material closer to human skin color, increase the realism of the experience, and improve the effect of venipuncture practice under ultrasound.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the gel material and the venous puncture model prepared therefrom and the application thereof described in the present invention have the following advantages:

[0038] (1) The present invention uses agar as the main material, which is simple to prepare, low in cost, and convenient for large-scale production and promotion;

[0039] (2) The venipuncture model of the present invention is a highly simulated human blood vessel model that can simulate the real human blood vessel structure, allowing learners to perform practical operations in a simulated environment to improve learning effects;

[0040] (3) After the present invention is connected to the ultrasound device, the ultrasound sound transmission performance of the test model and the simulated vascular structure display are simulated, and the vascular puncture and PICC catheterization operation process under ultrasound guidance are simulated, so that learners can better understand and master the operation skills under ultrasound guidance;

[0041] (4) The puncture model of the present invention is reusable, and a single model can be used for more than 70 punctures at a single point. The cost performance is significantly better than the expensive teaching aids currently available on the market, which can reduce teaching costs and improve teaching efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 The simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2-3 The elastic modulus diagrams of the model described in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention measured by two elastic imaging methods;

[0045] Figure 4This is a physical diagram of the model described in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 The simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6-7 The elastic modulus diagrams of the model described in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention measured by two elastic imaging methods;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a physical diagram of the model described in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Fig. 9 The simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10-11 The elastic modulus diagrams of the model described in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention measured by two elastic imaging methods;

[0051] Fig.12 This is a physical diagram of the model described in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.13 This is a grayscale image of a normal human superficial vein;

[0053] Fig.14 A simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.15 This is a color Doppler image of a normal human superficial vein;

[0055] Fig.16 A simulated venous color Doppler image of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.17 , Fig.19 Figure 2 shows elastic modulus of normal human tissue measured by two elastic imaging methods.

[0057] Fig.18 , Fig. 20 The elastic modulus diagrams of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention measured by two elastic imaging methods;

[0058] Fig.21 This is a venipuncture demonstration diagram of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0059] Fig. 22 This is a physical picture of the model described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0060] Fig.23 The simulated vein grayscale image of the model described in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 24-25These are elastic modulus diagrams of the model described in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention measured by two elastic imaging methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0063] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0066] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0067] Step 3: Take 20.0 g agar powder, 3.0 g konjac gum, and 3.0 g carrageenan, add them into continuously heated boiling water while stirring until completely dissolved;

[0068] Step 4: Continue heating the solution obtained in step 3, add 1 drop of pink food coloring, 1 drop of lemon food coloring, and 2 drops of white food coloring, and stir evenly;

[0069] Step 5: Add 4 g potassium sorbate and 2 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved to obtain a mixed solution;

[0070] Step 6: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 5 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, take out the gel material and the rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0073] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0074] Step 3: Take 20.0 g of agar powder and add it to the continuously heated boiling water while stirring until it is completely dissolved;

[0075] Step 4: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 3 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, take out the gel material and the rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0078] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0079] Step 3: Take 20.0 g agar powder, 3.0 g konjac gum, and 3.0 g carrageenan, add them into continuously heated boiling water while stirring until completely dissolved;

[0080] Step 4: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 3 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, take out the gel material and the rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0081] Comparative Example 3

[0082] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0083] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0084] Step 3: Take 20.0 g agar powder, 3.0 g konjac gum, and 3.0 g carrageenan, add them into continuously heated boiling water while stirring until completely dissolved;

[0085] Step 4: Continue heating the solution obtained in step 3, add 1 drop of pink food coloring, 1 drop of lemon food coloring, and 2 drops of white food coloring, and stir evenly;

[0086] Step 5: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 4 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, take out the gel material and the rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0087] Comparative Example 4

[0088] Step 1: Fix the mold and place rubber tubes of different diameters in the mold according to the direction and shape of the real blood vessels;

[0089] Step 2: Use a beaker to measure 800ml of water, pour it into a container and boil it to 100 degrees;

[0090] Step 3: Take 10g agar powder, 14g konjac gum, and 2g carrageenan, add them into the continuously heated boiling water while stirring until completely dissolved;

[0091] Step 4: Continue heating the solution obtained in step 3, add 1 drop of pink food coloring, 1 drop of lemon food coloring, and 2 drops of white food coloring, and stir evenly;

[0092] Step 5: Add 4 g potassium sorbate and 2 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved to obtain a mixed solution;

[0093] Step 6: Pour the mixed solution obtained in step 5 into the mold, cool it to room temperature, and after solidification, take out the gel material and the rubber tube together to obtain a venipuncture model.

[0094] The venous puncture models prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were connected to ultrasound equipment to test the ultrasound sound transmission performance of the models and simulate the vascular structure display, and simulate the vascular puncture and PICC catheterization operation procedures under ultrasound guidance.

[0095] Experimental Results

[0096] 1. Ultrasound imaging results

[0097] like Figure 13-22 As shown, the ultrasound image of the venous puncture model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, the ultrasound image of a normal human body and the actual image of the model are shown. The color, texture and elasticity of the model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention are close to human soft tissue. Figure 13-14 As shown, a grayscale image of a normal human superficial vein is compared with a grayscale image of a simulated vein in Example 1 of the present invention. The model in Example 1 of the present invention has good ultrasonic penetration and can simulate the target puncture vein in soft tissue. Figure 15-16 As shown in the figure, it is a color Doppler image of a normal human superficial vein and a color Doppler image of a simulated vein in Example 1 of the present invention. Doppler ultrasound can display the direction and flow rate of the fluid through brightness and color. As shown in the figure, the model in Example 1 of the present invention can display the flow state and direction of the fluid in the simulated blood vessel. Figure 17-20 As shown in the figure, it is an elastic modulus diagram of normal human tissue and Example 1 of the present invention measured by ultrasound through two elastic imaging methods. The elastic modulus diagram can show the hardness of the detection target. As shown in the figure, the elastic modulus of the model of Example 1 of the present invention is similar to that of normal human tissue. Fig.21 As shown, it is a venous puncture demonstration diagram of the venous puncture model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. The model can clearly display the position and morphology of the simulated blood vessels in the ultrasonic puncture guidance mode, and can clearly display the position of the puncture needle and the relationship between the puncture needle and the puncture target, which can effectively help practitioners complete ultrasonic guided puncture with the help of the model.

[0098] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the ultrasound image and the actual model picture of the venous puncture model prepared in comparative example 1, the simulated blood vessels in the model prepared in comparative example 1 are directly visible, and there are differences between the blood vessels in normal human tissues, which affects the actual puncture effect. Figure 1 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 1, and Fig.14 Compared with ultrasound, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figure 2-3 As shown, it is a diagram of the elastic modulus of comparative example 1 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound. Compared with example 1 of the present invention, the hardness and toughness of the model of example 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0099] like Figure 5-8 As shown, the ultrasound image and the actual model picture of the venous puncture model prepared in comparative example 2, the simulated blood vessels in the model prepared in comparative example 2 are directly visible, and there are differences between the blood vessels in normal human tissues, which affects the actual puncture effect. Figure 5 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 2, and Fig.14 Compared with ultrasound, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figure 6-7 As shown, it is the elastic modulus diagram of comparative example 2 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound. Compared with example 1 of the present invention, the hardness and toughness of the model of example 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0100] like Figure 9-12 As shown, it is the ultrasonic image and the physical picture of the venous puncture model prepared in comparative example 3. Fig. 9 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 3, and Fig.14 Compared with ultrasound, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figure 10-11 As shown, it is a diagram of the elastic modulus of comparative example 3 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound. Compared with example 1 of the present invention, the hardness and toughness of the model of example 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0101] like Figure 23-25 As shown, it is the ultrasound image of the venous puncture model prepared in Comparative Example 4. Fig.23 As shown, it is the simulated vein grayscale image of comparative example 4, and Fig.14 Compared with ultrasound, the clarity is lower and the imaging ability under ultrasound is worse. Figure 24-25 As shown, it is an elastic modulus diagram of comparative example 4 measured by two elastic imaging methods using ultrasound. Compared with Example 1 of the present invention, the hardness and durability of the model of comparative example 4 are reduced, while the hardness and toughness of the model of Example 1 of the present invention are closer to human soft tissue.

[0102] In summary, the venous puncture model prepared in Example 1 of the present invention has similar appearance, hardness, and toughness to human soft tissue, which not only increases the authenticity of puncture practice, but also ensures the service life of the model.

[0103] 2. Puncture times experiment

[0104] The actual needle insertion and puncture experiments were conducted on the venous puncture models of the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples, and the number of possible punctures under the condition of normal imaging was recorded. The number of possible punctures is shown in Table 1.

[0105] Table 1 Number of punctures possible for venous puncture molds

[0106] Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Example 1 79 82 77 83 90 Comparative Example 1 45 43 53 55 46 Comparative Example 2 66 61 64 64 66 Comparative Example 3 67 58 59 64 68 Comparative Example 4 50 41 52 56 45

[0107] As shown in Table 1, the present invention uses agar as the main raw material, and after adding carrageenan and konjac gum, the overall strength, elasticity, toughness, and water retention of the model can be improved, and the number of single-point punctures is significantly increased; Example 1 can achieve a single-point puncture number of more than 70 times without deformation, thereby increasing the service life of the mold and reducing the cost of use.

[0108] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gel material, characterized in that: Includes the following ingredients: agar, carrageenan, konjac gum, additives; The mass ratio of agar, carrageenan and konjac gum is 18-22:1-5:1-5.

2. A gel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additives include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sorbate and food coloring.

3. A method for preparing a gel material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Pour water into a container and boil it; Step 2: Take agar powder, konjac gum, and carrageenan and add them to the continuously heated boiling water in step 1 while stirring until completely dissolved; Step 3: Add food coloring and stir well; Step 4: Add potassium sorbate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir until dissolved, and obtain a mixed solution; Step 5: Pour the mixed solution into the mold, cool to room temperature, and take it out after solidification.

4. The method for preparing a gel material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The food coloring includes pink food coloring, lemon food coloring, and white food coloring; The mass ratio of pink food coloring, lemon food coloring and white food coloring is 1:1:

2.

5. An ultrasonic venous puncture model prepared by the gel material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It comprises the gel material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a rubber tube, wherein the rubber tube is embedded in the gel material.

6. Use of the gel material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in preparing an ultrasonic venipuncture model.

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