Photovoltaic module coating composition, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module coatings, and mainly provides a photovoltaic module coating composition, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module coating composition is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 4 to 200 parts of sodium hydroxide, 0.04 to 20 parts of metal oxide, 10 to 10000 parts of resin and 2000 to 21000 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent comprises water. According to the photovoltaic module coating composition in the technical scheme, when the temperature of a module is 150-300 DEG C, sodium hydroxide is decomposed, heat is actively absorbed, and the photovoltaic module is cooled, and when the temperature of the module is lower than 150 DEG C, heat can be actively released, sodium hydroxide is reproduced, and the photovoltaic module coating composition can be recycled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module coatings, and in particular to a photovoltaic module coating composition and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules generate heat under solar light, especially in high temperature environments. Due to poor air convection and shadows, the temperature of local areas of photovoltaic modules will rise rapidly, forming a hot spot effect. This local high temperature will cause the efficiency of photovoltaic cells to decrease, the aging of packaging materials to accelerate, and even cause permanent damage to the modules.

[0003] With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation, the problem of high temperature of photovoltaic modules has become increasingly prominent. On the one hand, large-scale power stations are concentrated, and the array effect makes the local temperature rise more serious; on the other hand, in order to increase the power generation, the power of the modules is constantly increasing, and the hot spot problem becomes more prominent. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a photovoltaic module coating composition and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module to solve or alleviate the technical problems mentioned above. The photovoltaic module coating composition in the technical solution of the present application, when the module temperature is 150-300°C, sodium hydroxide is decomposed into sodium oxide and water vapor, and actively absorbs heat to cool the photovoltaic module; when the temperature is less than 150°C, it can actively release heat, and sodium oxide and water react to regenerate sodium hydroxide, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be recycled.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module coating composition, comprising the following components: 4-200 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide, 0.04-20 parts by mass of metal oxide, 10-10000 parts by mass of resin, and 2000-21000 parts by mass of solvent; Wherein, the solvent includes water.

[0006] Optionally, the metal oxide includes one or more of aluminum oxide, copper oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide.

[0007] Optionally, the resin includes one or more of silicone resin, organic silicon resin, and epoxy resin.

[0008] Optionally, the viscosity of the photovoltaic module coating composition is 1000-10000 mPa·s.

[0009] Optionally, the sodium hydroxide is sodium hydroxide nanoparticles, and the particle size of the sodium hydroxide nanoparticles is 10-100 nm.

[0010] Optionally, the sodium hydroxide is one or both of hydroxylated sodium hydroxide and carboxylated sodium hydroxide.

[0011] Optionally, the metal oxide is metal oxide nanoparticles, and the particle size of the metal oxide nanoparticles is 10-100 nm.

[0012] Optionally, the solvent further includes one or both of ethanol and propanol.

[0013] Optionally, the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the metal oxide is 10:1-100:1.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of the above embodiments, comprising: Dissolving 4-200 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide in water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; Adding 0.04-20 parts by mass of a metal oxide into the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a first mixed solution; Dissolving 10-10000 parts by mass of a resin in water or an organic solvent to obtain a resin solution; The first mixed liquid and the resin solution are mixed to obtain the photovoltaic module coating composition.

[0015] Optionally, the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-5 mol / L.

[0016] Optionally, the concentration of the resin solution is 1-50%.

[0017] Optionally, the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the metal oxide is 10:1-100:1.

[0018] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising a photovoltaic module backplane and a cell, wherein the photovoltaic module backplane has a photovoltaic module coating, and the photovoltaic module coating is formed by the photovoltaic module coating composition described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0019] The above technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application may have the following advantages: In the embodiment of the present application, the main active ingredient of the photovoltaic module coating composition is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which can undergo a reversible reaction: 2NaOH(s) ⇌ Na2O(s) + H2O(g); when the module temperature is 150-300°C, the reversible reaction proceeds to the right, and the sodium hydroxide is decomposed into sodium oxide and water vapor, and actively absorbs heat to cool the photovoltaic module; when the temperature is less than 150°C, the reversible reaction proceeds to the left, actively releases heat, and sodium oxide reacts with water to regenerate sodium hydroxide, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be recycled. In addition, the water vapor generated in the reaction is non-corrosive and environmentally friendly. The metal oxide in the photovoltaic module coating composition can make the formed photovoltaic module coating have good electrical insulation. As the base material of the photovoltaic module coating, the resin has good adhesion and can fix components such as NaOH and metal oxides on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The solvent is used to dissolve sodium hydroxide, metal oxide and resin. Sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the solvent to form a sodium hydroxide solution, and the resin is dissolved in the solvent to form a resin solution. Finally, the sodium hydroxide solution and the resin solution are mixed to obtain a photovoltaic module coating composition in the form of a solution, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be applied to the surface of the photovoltaic module to form a uniform and dense photovoltaic module coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are only used to explain the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0021] The present application provides a photovoltaic module coating composition, comprising the following components: 4-200 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide, 0.04-20 parts by mass of metal oxide, 10-10000 parts by mass of resin, and 2000-21000 parts by mass of solvent; Wherein, the solvent includes water.

[0022] In the embodiment of the present application, the main active ingredient of the photovoltaic module coating composition is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which can undergo a reversible reaction: 2NaOH(s) ⇌ Na2O(s) + H2O(g); when the module temperature is 150-300°C, the reversible reaction proceeds to the right, and the sodium hydroxide is decomposed into sodium oxide and water vapor, and actively absorbs heat to cool the photovoltaic module; when the temperature is less than 150°C, the reversible reaction proceeds to the left, actively releases heat, and sodium oxide reacts with water to regenerate sodium hydroxide, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be recycled. In addition, the water vapor generated in the reaction is non-corrosive and environmentally friendly. The metal oxide in the photovoltaic module coating composition can make the formed photovoltaic module coating have good electrical insulation. As the base material of the photovoltaic module coating, the resin has good adhesion and can fix components such as NaOH and metal oxides on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The solvent is used to dissolve sodium hydroxide, metal oxide and resin. Sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the solvent to form a sodium hydroxide solution, and the resin is dissolved in the solvent to form a resin solution. Finally, the sodium hydroxide solution and the resin solution are mixed to obtain a photovoltaic module coating composition in the form of a solution, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be applied to the surface of the photovoltaic module to form a uniform and dense photovoltaic module coating.

[0023] In the photovoltaic module coating composition of the embodiment of the present application, sodium hydroxide is the main active ingredient, and the amount of sodium hydroxide is 4-200 parts by mass, preferably 10-160 parts by mass, and more preferably 40-100 parts by mass. Metal oxide is an electrical insulating material in the photovoltaic module coating composition, and the amount of metal oxide is 0.04-20 parts by mass, preferably 0.1-16 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.4-10 parts by mass. Resin is used as a base material for the photovoltaic module coating to fix active ingredients such as NaOH on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the amount of resin is 10-10000 parts by mass, preferably 100-5000 parts by mass, and more preferably 500-3000 parts by mass.

[0024] In some embodiments, the metal oxide includes one or more of aluminum oxide, copper oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide.

[0025] Metal oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3), copper oxide (Cu2O3), silicon oxide (SiO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and magnesium oxide (MgO) are thermochemically inert materials. They not only make the resulting photovoltaic module coating have good electrical insulation properties, but also have good thermal stability and mechanical strength.

[0026] In some embodiments, the resin includes one or more of silicone resin, organosilicon resin, and epoxy resin.

[0027] Ingredients such as silicone resin, organosilicon resin, and epoxy resin not only have good adhesion, but also have excellent high-temperature stability, weather resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, and electrical insulation. They can not only ensure that the coating will not degrade due to temperature changes, but also effectively reduce the impact of the external environment on the photovoltaic module coating, thereby improving the stability and service life of the photovoltaic module coating.

[0028] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module coating composition has a viscosity of 1000-10000 mPa·s.

[0029] The viscosity of the photovoltaic module coating composition is adjusted to 1000-10000 mPa·s to ensure optimal coatability and film-forming properties. If the viscosity is too high, it is difficult to form a uniform and continuous coating on the substrate surface; if the viscosity is too low, the fluidity of the photovoltaic module coating composition is too large, resulting in a thin or discontinuous coating. Specifically, the viscosity of the photovoltaic module coating composition can be 1000 Pa·s, 2000 mPa·s, 3000 mPa·s, 4000 Pa·s, 5000 mPa·s, 6000 Pa·s, 7000 mPa·s, 8000 mPa·s, 9000 Pa·s or 10000 mPa·s.

[0030] In some embodiments, the sodium hydroxide is sodium hydroxide nanoparticles, and the particle size of the sodium hydroxide nanoparticles is 10-100 nm.

[0031] The use of nanometer-scale NaOH particles (particle size of 10-100 nm) can increase the specific surface area of ​​sodium hydroxide, thereby improving the reaction kinetics. Specifically, the particle size of the sodium hydroxide nanoparticles is 10 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm or 100 nm.

[0032] In some embodiments, the sodium hydroxide is one or both of hydroxylated sodium hydroxide and carboxylated sodium hydroxide.

[0033] NaOH is used for surface modification to obtain hydroxylated sodium hydroxide or carboxylated sodium hydroxide. Hydroxylated sodium hydroxide can form more hydroxyl groups on the surface of NaOH by controlling the crystallization process of NaOH. These hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds with polar groups in the resin, thereby increasing the compatibility of NaOH with the resin. Carboxylated sodium hydroxide can introduce carboxyl groups on the surface of NaOH by partial oxidation. The carboxyl groups can undergo esterification or amidation reactions with polar groups in the resin to form chemical bonds, thereby increasing the compatibility of NaOH with the resin. The modified NaOH not only has an increased surface roughness, but also has more active functional groups, which can form stronger physical and chemical forces with the resin, thereby improving the adhesion and mechanical strength of the photovoltaic module coating.

[0034] In some embodiments, the metal oxide is metal oxide nanoparticles, and the particle size of the metal oxide nanoparticles is 10-100 nm.

[0035] When the metal oxide is nanoparticles and the particle size of the metal oxide nanoparticles is controlled to be 10-100 nm, it is beneficial to improve the density and uniformity of the formed photovoltaic module coating. Specifically, the particle size of the metal oxide nanoparticles is 10 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm or 100 nm.

[0036] In some embodiments, the solvent further comprises one or both of ethanol and propanol.

[0037] Ethanol or propanol has a high solubility in the resin and can improve the solution stability and viscosity of the photovoltaic module coating composition.

[0038] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the metal oxide is 10:1-100:1.

[0039] Although metal oxides have electrical insulation properties and can improve the performance of photovoltaic module coating compositions, the amount of metal oxides used should not be too large, otherwise it will affect the reversible reaction of NaOH; for example, when the metal oxide contains Al2O3, Al2O3 will undergo the following reaction in NaOH solution: Al2O3+ 2NaOH + 3H2O = 2Na[Al(OH)4] (sodium tetrahydroxyaluminate). Although the reaction rate of this reaction is very low, it still has some effect on the reversible reaction of NaOH. Therefore, in order to make the photovoltaic module coating composition have good electrical insulation properties and reduce or avoid the effect of metal oxides on the reversible reaction of NaOH, the mass ratio C1 of sodium hydroxide to metal oxide can be controlled to 10:1-100:1; specifically, the mass ratio C1 of sodium hydroxide to metal oxide can be 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1 or 100:1.

[0040] The present application provides a method for preparing the photovoltaic module coating composition described in any one of the above embodiments, comprising: Dissolving 4-200 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide in water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; Adding 0.04-20 parts by mass of a metal oxide into the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a first mixed solution; Dissolving 10-10000 parts by mass of a resin in water or an organic solvent to obtain a resin solution; The first mixed liquid and the resin solution are mixed to obtain the photovoltaic module coating composition.

[0041] In the process of dissolving the resin in water or an organic solvent to obtain a resin solution, the organic solvent may be ethanol, propanol, ethanol-propanol, ethanol aqueous solution, propanol aqueous solution or ethanol-propanol aqueous solution. These organic solvents have high solubility for the resin and can improve the solution stability and viscosity of the photovoltaic module coating composition.

[0042] In some embodiments, the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-5 mol / L.

[0043] In some embodiments, the concentration of the resin solution is 1-50%.

[0044] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the metal oxide is 10:1-100:1.

[0045] In the process of preparing the photovoltaic module coating composition, in order to ensure that sodium hydroxide can be fully dissolved in water, the molar concentration C2 of the sodium hydroxide solution can be 0.1-5 mol / L; specifically, the molar concentration C2 of the sodium hydroxide solution can be 0.1 mol / L, 0.5 mol / L, 1 mol / L, 1.5 mol / L, 2 mol / L, 2.5 mol / L, 3 mol / L, 3.5 mol / L, 4 mol / L, 4.5 mol / L or 5 mol / L. In order to ensure that the resin can be fully dissolved in the solvent, the concentration C3 of the resin solution can be 1-50%; specifically, the concentration C3 of the resin solution is 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50%.

[0046] The following specific examples further illustrate the present application, but should not be construed as limiting the present application. Without departing from the spirit and substance of the present application, modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present application are within the scope of the present application. The formulations of the photovoltaic module coating compositions of Examples 1-14 of the present application are given in a tabular form, and the specific formulations are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1

[0048] Table 1 (continued)

[0049] The present application also provides a photovoltaic module coating composition of Comparative Example 1, and the specific formula of Comparative Example 1 is shown below.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 40 parts by weight of acrylic resin; 20 parts by mass of silica filler; 2 parts by mass of antioxidant; 100 parts by mass of ethanol.

[0051] The photovoltaic module coating compositions of Examples 1-14 and Comparative Example 1 were respectively coated on the photovoltaic module backboard to obtain corresponding photovoltaic modules with photovoltaic module coatings, and the performance of the corresponding photovoltaic modules was tested to obtain the maximum and minimum operating temperatures, cycle performance, and coating durability of the corresponding photovoltaic modules. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2

[0053] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that, compared with the photovoltaic modules of Comparative Example 1, the maximum operating temperature and the minimum operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules of Examples 1 to 14 of the present application are lower than the corresponding values ​​of the photovoltaic modules of Comparative Example 1, and the photovoltaic modules of Examples 1 to 14 of the present application have good recycling performance and coating durability.

[0054] In summary, in the embodiment of the present application, the main active ingredient of the photovoltaic module coating composition is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which can undergo a reversible reaction: 2NaOH(s) ⇌ Na2O(s) + H2O(g); when the module temperature is 150-300°C, the reversible reaction proceeds to the right, and the sodium hydroxide is decomposed into sodium oxide and water vapor, and actively absorbs heat to cool the photovoltaic module; when the temperature is less than 150°C, the reversible reaction proceeds to the left, actively releases heat, and sodium oxide reacts with water to regenerate sodium hydroxide, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be recycled. In addition, the water vapor generated in the reaction is non-corrosive and environmentally friendly. The metal oxide in the photovoltaic module coating composition can make the formed photovoltaic module coating have good electrical insulation. As the base material of the photovoltaic module coating, the resin has good adhesion and can fix components such as NaOH and metal oxides on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The solvent is used to dissolve sodium hydroxide, metal oxide and resin. Sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the solvent to form a sodium hydroxide solution, and the resin is dissolved in the solvent to form a resin solution. Finally, the sodium hydroxide solution and the resin solution are mixed to obtain a photovoltaic module coating composition in the form of a solution, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be applied to the surface of the photovoltaic module to form a uniform and dense photovoltaic module coating.

[0055] The embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including a photovoltaic module backplane and a cell, wherein the photovoltaic module backplane has a photovoltaic module coating, and the photovoltaic module coating is formed by coating the photovoltaic module coating composition described in any of the above embodiments. The photovoltaic module coating composition can actively absorb heat in an environment with a temperature of 150-300°C to cool the photovoltaic module, and can actively release heat in an environment with a temperature less than 150°C, so that the photovoltaic module coating composition can be recycled; the photovoltaic module coating composition can not only effectively reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module, but also avoid complex active heat dissipation systems such as water cooling or air cooling, greatly simplifying the system structure and reducing the system cost; in addition, the reaction byproduct is water, no corrosive substances are produced, it is environmentally friendly and has strong operational reliability.

[0056] The embodiment of the present application can provide a photovoltaic system, including the photovoltaic components in any of the above embodiments. The advantages of the above photovoltaic components are also possessed by the photovoltaic system, which will not be repeated here. The above photovoltaic system has a wide range of applications, not only limited to photovoltaic power stations, such as ground power stations, rooftop power stations and water power stations, but also includes various equipment and devices that use solar energy to generate electricity, such as user solar power supplies, solar street lights, solar cars and solar buildings. Of course, it can be understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to this, that is to say, the photovoltaic system can be used in all fields where solar energy is required for power generation. Taking the photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array, a junction box and an inverter. The photovoltaic array may be an array combination of multiple photovoltaic components. For example, multiple photovoltaic components may form multiple photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to a junction box. The junction box can converge the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The converged current flows through the inverter and is converted into the alternating current required by the mains power grid, and then connected to the mains network to realize solar power supply.

[0057] It should be noted that the terms "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. The directional terms "inside" and "outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0059] It should also be noted that "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "embodiment", etc. mentioned in this application refer to the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The same expression appearing in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when describing a specific feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with any embodiment, it is claimed that the realization of such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0060] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0061] It should also be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the patent protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the specification of the present application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module coating composition, characterized in that: Includes the following components: 4-200 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide, 0.04-20 parts by mass of metal oxide, 10-10000 parts by mass of resin, and 2000-21000 parts by mass of solvent; Wherein, the solvent includes water.

2. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal oxide includes one or more of aluminum oxide, copper oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide.

3. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resin includes one or more of silicone resin, organic silicon resin and epoxy resin.

4. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The viscosity of the photovoltaic module coating composition is 1000-10000 mPa·s.

5. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The sodium hydroxide is sodium hydroxide nanoparticles, and the particle size of the sodium hydroxide nanoparticles is 10-100nm.

6. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The sodium hydroxide is one or both of hydroxylated sodium hydroxide and carboxylated sodium hydroxide.

7. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The metal oxide is metal oxide nanoparticles, and the particle size of the metal oxide nanoparticles is 10-100 nm.

8. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The solvent also includes one or both of ethanol and propanol.

9. The photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the metal oxide is 10:1-100:

1.

10. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Dissolving 4-200 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide in water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution; Adding 0.04-20 parts by mass of a metal oxide into the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a first mixed solution; Dissolving 10-10000 parts by mass of a resin in water or an organic solvent to obtain a resin solution; The first mixed liquid and the resin solution are mixed to obtain the photovoltaic module coating composition.

11. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module coating composition according to claim 10, characterized in that: The molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-5 mol / L; and / or The concentration of the resin solution is 1-50%; and / or The mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the metal oxide is 10:1-100:

1.

12. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The invention comprises a photovoltaic module back plate and a battery sheet, wherein the photovoltaic module back plate has a photovoltaic module coating, and the photovoltaic module coating is formed by the photovoltaic module coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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