Plant-based crusting environment-friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust poison and testing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant-based crusting environment-friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust poison and a testing method of the plant-based crusting environment-friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant. The dust suppressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.2 to 0.4 percent of guar gum serving as a binder, 0.03 to 0.06 percent of lauryl sodium sulfate serving as a surfactant, 1 to 5 percent of silicate serving as an ammonia purifying agent, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of ferric oxide serving as a catalyst, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of titanium oxide serving as a catalyst, 1 to 3 percent of sodium lactate serving as a humectant, 5 to 20 percent of ethylene glycol serving as an anti-freezing agent and 74.45 to 92.47 percent of dust suppressant stock solution. The test method comprises a dust inhibition efficiency test, a moisture absorption and water retention test, a water resistance test and an ammonia elimination performance test. The ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant has the characteristics of no toxicity, easiness in degradation, environment friendliness and the like, can quickly and efficiently suppress ammonia-containing dust poison generated by iron ore blasting, and eliminates the harm of mine reentrainment dust to the environment and people.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of environmental protection technology, and specifically relates to an environmentally friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for crusts and a preparation and testing method thereof, and particularly relates to an environmentally friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for crusts based on plants for eliminating toxic ammonia-containing dust and a testing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, the country's demand for iron ore resources has continued to increase. Iron ore is mostly blasted with ammonium nitrate explosives, which brings about ammonia dust pollution. In addition, as mining progresses, the ecosystem in the mining area cannot be restored in time, resulting in the lack of vegetation protection and bare soil. Under wind erosion, a large number of fine ammonia-containing iron ore powder particles are produced and enter the air, causing serious harm to the surrounding environment and residents in the iron ore blasting mining area.

[0003] The ammonia-containing dust produced by iron ore blasting is usually treated by spraying water, but spraying water is easy to evaporate quickly at high temperature and has a short effective time. It not only wastes a lot of water resources, but also fails to achieve satisfactory dust reduction effects. It is particularly unsuitable in the arid and water-scarce western region. In addition, a large amount of ammonia substances produced by iron ore blasting has caused serious harm to local residents and the ecological environment. In recent years, chemical dust suppressant dust reduction technology and deammonification technology have both developed rapidly. Chemical dust suppressant dust reduction technology is to develop dust suppressants that can reduce dust by using the amphiphilic properties of surfactants. A small amount of dust suppressant mixed with water can achieve the purpose of efficient dust reduction. For example, the patent with publication number CN103320094A discloses a method for preparing a solid chemical dust suppressant. The raw materials of the dust suppressant are: polypropylene alcohol, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate, starch, polyacrylamide, crosslinking agent, emulsifier, initiator and water, but the butyl acrylate used therein irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If inhaled into the lungs during spraying, it may cause chemical pneumonia. As disclosed in the patent of publication number CN113479985A, a method for deamination of ammonia nitrogen wastewater transformation is described, wherein the deamination method uses carbonate as deamination agent, and ingeniously utilizes the unique carrying effect of CO2 gas on ammonia, so that the ammonia in the ammonia nitrogen wastewater is decomposed and overflowed in the form of ammonium carbonate, but wherein carbonate is used to decompose and produce CO2 gas method, which causes difficulty in controlling the diffusion of CO2 gas, and causes hypoxia in the iron mine, endangering the life safety of workers. Chemical dust suppressants have shortcomings such as slight toxicity and difficulty in degradation, and deamination agents can produce other harmful gases, etc., which can cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment, and the production cost is high at the same time, which is not conducive to subsequent use. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a novel dust suppressant that has the characteristics of nontoxic, easy to degrade, environmentally friendly, and dust suppression and deamination are carried out simultaneously. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plant-based crust-based environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust and a testing method thereof. The ammonia dust suppressant has the characteristics of being non-toxic, easily degradable, and environmentally friendly. It can quickly and efficiently suppress the ammonia dust generated by iron ore blasting and eliminate the harm of secondary dust in mines to the environment and people.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a plant-based crust environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity, composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: binder guar gum 0.2%-0.4%, surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.03%-0.06%, ammonia purifying agent silicate 1%-3%, catalyst iron oxide 0.1-0.3%, catalyst titanium oxide 0.2-0.4%, humectant sodium lactate 1%-3%, antifreeze agent ethylene glycol 5%-20%, and dust suppressant stock solution 74.84%-92.47%.

[0006] Preferably, the ammonia removal and dust suppressant is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.3% guar gum as a binder, 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant, 3% silicate as a purifying agent, 0.1% iron oxide as a catalyst, 0.2% titanium oxide as a catalyst, 1% sodium lactate as a moisturizer, 10% ethylene glycol as an antifreeze agent, and 85.35% of a dust suppressant stock solution.

[0007] Preferably, the ammonia purifying agent silicate is composed of 7.42% aluminum silicate, 47.93% iron silicate, 3.18% sodium silicate, 12.34% calcium silicate and 29.13% potassium silicate by mass percentage.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for preparing the dust suppressant stock solution comprises the following steps:

[0009] (a) crushing plant straw into straws with a length of 10-20 mm;

[0010] (b) preparing a weakly acidic solution with a pH of 4.5-5 with dilute sulfuric acid, then adding the crushed plant straw and stirring at 35-45° C. for 25-35 minutes to fully wet the straw, with a stirring rate of 150-300 r / min; then adding the composite cellulase while stirring, and continuing to stir for 40-50 minutes at a stirring rate of 200-300 r / min;

[0011] (c) the stirred solution is allowed to stand for 20-40 minutes to cool to room temperature and then filtered through a 100-200 mesh filter to obtain a straw enzymatic hydrolysis clear solution;

[0012] (d) The straw enzymatic hydrolysis liquid is adjusted to neutrality with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the required dust suppressant stock solution.

[0013] Preferably, in step (a), the plant straw is one of wheat straw, corn straw, and rice straw; in step (b), the mass volume ratio between the plant straw and the weakly acidic solution is 1g:50mL; the mass ratio of the cellulose complex enzyme to the plant straw is 3:20; the cellulose complex enzyme consists of 5.95% xylanase, 2.38% acid cellulase, 35.72% cellobiase, and 55.95% β-glucanase.

[0014] The second object of the present invention is to provide a testing method for the above-mentioned plant-based crust environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity, including dust suppression efficiency test, moisture absorption and water retention test, water resistance test and ammonia removal performance test; the testing device used in the testing method includes an outdoor environment simulation room, a simulated fan, an ammonia bottle and an ammonia detector for detecting the ammonia concentration in a conical flask; a laboratory bench is placed in the outdoor environment simulation room, a culture dish and a conical flask are placed on the laboratory bench, a matching bottle mouth plug is provided on the conical flask, two glass straight-through tubes are inserted on the bottle mouth plug, and each glass straight-through tube is connected to an air pipe, one end of which is connected to the ammonia bottle through the air pipe opening, and one end of the other air pipe is connected to the ammonia monitor through the air pipe opening; a wind tunnel is opened at one end of the outdoor environment simulation room, and the air outlet of the simulated fan is facing the wind tunnel; a nozzle water inlet pipe is installed on the top of the outdoor environment simulation room, and a plurality of nozzles are evenly arranged on the nozzle water inlet pipe located in the outdoor environment simulation room; a flow controller is installed on the air pipe connected to the ammonia bottle.

[0015] Further, the dust suppression efficiency test includes the following steps:

[0016] (a) collecting iron ore samples from the iron ore blasting site, grinding and sieving the iron ore powder samples with a 150-mesh filter screen, drying the obtained iron ore powder samples at 110° C. for 3 h, and using a culture dish to collect the treated iron ore powder samples of the same mass for later use;

[0017] (b) Add equal volumes of ammonia dust suppressant solution and tap water to different culture dishes. The density of ammonia dust suppressant is 3L / m 2 , leave it to stand for 2 days under the same environment, and weigh the sample mass;

[0018] (c) A simulated fan was used to simulate different wind speeds on site. The wind speeds were set to 4 m / s, 6 m / s, 8 m / s, 10 m / s, 12 m / s, and 14 m / s. Air was blown continuously for 1.5 h into the treated culture dishes. The surface damage and mass of the iron ore powder samples in the culture dishes were recorded, and the mass loss rate was calculated. Each group of experiments was tested three times to obtain the average value.

[0019] Further, the moisture absorption and water retention test comprises the following steps:

[0020] (a) Spread the iron ore powder sample flat in a petri dish, and evenly spray equal volumes of ammonia dust suppressant and tap water into the dish. The spraying density of ammonia dust suppressant is 3L / m 2 , weigh its initial weight;

[0021] (b) In a constant temperature and humidity environment at 20°C and 40% humidity, weigh the iron ore powder every 8 hours and record the change in mass. Observe the iron ore powder sample and record the change in moisture content over time until it stabilizes.

[0022] Further, the water resistance test comprises the following steps:

[0023] (a) In the outdoor environment simulation room, different amounts of water were sprayed to simulate the rain environment in the well. The light rain (10L / m 2 d), moderate rain (25L / m 2 d), heavy rain (50L / m 2 d), heavy rain (100L / m 2 d) Four levels;

[0024] (b) Spread the iron ore powder sample flat in a petri dish, and evenly spray equal volumes of ammonia dust suppressant and tap water into two petri dishes respectively;

[0025] (c) When simulating light rain, liquid was sprayed into the culture dish three times within one day, with a total spraying volume of 10 L / m 2 , the surface changes of the iron ore powder sample in the culture dish were observed in the experiment; when simulating moderate rain, heavy rain or rainstorm, the liquid was sprayed into the culture dish three times in one day, but the total spraying volume was changed according to step (a);

[0026] (d) After the spray test, place the sample in a constant temperature and humidity environment at 20°C and 40% for 24 hours, weigh the sample, and repeat this three times.

[0027] Further, the ammonia removal performance test comprises the following steps:

[0028] (a) According to the principle of adding 2L of ammonia dust suppressant per cubic meter, the ammonia dust suppressant is put into a conical flask and mixed with water. Then, a stable and continuous 20L / min ammonia gas is introduced into the conical flask through the air pipe using an ammonia cylinder to conduct a water bath long-term performance test;

[0029] (b) Use an ammonia monitor to record the pH value in the conical flask and the outlet ammonia concentration every 20 minutes to determine the time when ammonia elimination reaches a stable value, rising period, or exceeding the standard period.

[0030] The application principle of the present invention is further explained below in combination with the main functions of each component of the ammonia dust suppressant;

[0031] The cellulose complex enzyme in the present invention can decompose cellulose in plant straw into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides under an acidic environment. These decomposition products are mixed with water to form a dust suppressant stock solution with strong adhesion, and are mixed with a binder guar gum and then sprayed on the soil surface to bond with dust particles to form a covering layer with a certain structural strength.

[0032] The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate in the present invention is an anionic surfactant with good emulsification, foaming and biodegradability, and can form a uniform and stable dispersion system with the dust suppressant stock solution, effectively reducing the surface tension of the solution and achieving better spraying effect and dust suppression effect.

[0033] The silicate ammonia purifying agent in the present invention is a highly efficient ammonia removal material with excellent adsorption performance and environmental friendliness. It can combine with ammonia in the air for adsorption, settle and adhere to the ground to form a crust, effectively reduce the ammonia concentration, and achieve the purpose of highly efficient ammonia purification.

[0034] The iron oxide and titanium oxide in the present invention act as catalysts and, in combination with the ammonia purifying agent silicate, can significantly enhance the ammonia removal effect, improve the activity of the ammonia purifying agent silicate, and promote the combination and adsorption of silicate and ammonia, thereby achieving a more efficient ammonia removal effect.

[0035] The moisturizing agent sodium lactate in the present invention is non-toxic and harmless, can be used as a food antifreeze agent, moisturizing agent, etc., has a strong water absorption capacity, and can absorb moisture in the air to increase the moisture content of the covering layer in the present invention; at the same time, sodium lactate also has antifreeze properties, and can be used as an antifreeze agent together with ethylene glycol to reduce the freezing point of the dust suppressant solution, thereby preventing the influence of extreme freezing weather on the spraying of the dust suppressant and the subsequent formation of the covering layer.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] (1) The present invention selects non-toxic, harmless and biodegradable agricultural surplus product crop straw as the raw material for preparing the ammonia dust suppressant, and prepares a plant-based crust environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant with low price and ecological protection to eliminate the ammonia dust toxicity of iron ore blasting by adding auxiliary raw materials. The ammonia dust suppressant can adapt to the harsh environment of high wind speed, high temperature and low temperature on site, and effectively control and remove the ammonia and dust generated by iron ore blasting.

[0038] (2) The ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention has low production cost, is non-toxic and harmless, is easily biodegradable, and effectively reduces the ammonia content in the air. It will not have an adverse effect on the soil and ecosystem in the spraying area, and effectively solves the secondary pollution to the ecological environment caused by current chemical dust suppressants, deamination agents, etc. It is an environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant. At the same time, it can be used in combination with other dust suppression and deamination methods to achieve comprehensive control of ammonia dust toxicity from iron ore blasting.

[0039] (3) The ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention innovatively combines dust suppression and ammonia removal, utilizing the dust reduction effect of the amphiphilic properties of surfactants and the combined effect of ammonia purifiers and ammonia in the air to achieve effective control of ammonia-containing dust toxicity in iron ore blasting workplaces.

[0040] (4) The ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention is sprayed on the iron ore blasting workplace through spraying, which can absorb ammonia and condense dust, and then quickly form a covering layer with a certain structural strength after settling to the ground. The covering layer can better resist the erosion of wind flow. At the same time, the covering layer can absorb moisture in the air for a long time to maintain its wettability, and can maintain a moisture content of more than 4.5% for a long time. It has good moisture retention and avoids the generation of secondary dust.

[0041] (5) The pH value of the ammonia dust suppressant solution of the present invention is neutral, which will not affect the acidity and alkalinity of the soil in the spraying area and will not damage the soil environment for plant growth in the spraying area.

[0042] (6) The ammonia dust suppressant solution of the present invention will be degraded into elements required by plants under the action of microorganisms over time, thereby promoting plant growth to a certain extent.

[0043] (7) The present invention simulates the field environment in the laboratory to test the dust suppression and ammonia removal performance of the ammonia removal dust suppressant, which can simulate a variety of field environmental conditions, improve the efficiency of performance verification, and effectively reduce the risks of blasting field experiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 A diagram of a test device used in the test method of the present invention;

[0045] In the figure: 1. Outdoor environment simulation room; 2. Nozzle water inlet pipe; 3. Nozzle; 4. Culture dish; 5. Laboratory table; 6. Simulated fan; 7. Wind tunnel; 8. Ammonia bottle; 9. Flow controller; 10. Air pipe; 11. Bottle mouth plug; 12. Conical flask; 13. Glass straight tube; 14. Ammonia detector; 15. Air pipe opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A plant-based crust environment-friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity, comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.3% of guar gum as a binder, 0.05% of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant, 3% of silicate as an ammonia purifier, 0.1% of iron oxide as a catalyst, 0.2% of titanium oxide as a catalyst, 1% of sodium lactate as a moisturizer, 10% of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze agent, and 85.35% of a dust suppressant stock solution;

[0049] The ammonia purifying agent silicate is composed of 7.42% aluminum silicate, 47.93% iron silicate, 3.18% sodium silicate, 12.34% calcium silicate and 29.13% potassium silicate by mass percentage;

[0050] Furthermore, the method for preparing the dust suppressant stock solution comprises the following steps:

[0051] (a) using a pulverizer to pulverize wheat straw into straws with a length of 10-20 mm;

[0052] (b) In a beaker, 600 mL of a weakly acidic solution with a pH of 4.5-5 is prepared with deionized water and a dilute sulfuric acid solution; then 12 g of crushed wheat straw is added and stirred at 40° C. for 30 min to fully wet the straw, with a stirring rate of 150-300 r / min; then 1.8 g of composite cellulase is added while stirring, and stirring is continued for 40-50 min, with a stirring rate of 200-300 r / min; the composite cellulase comprises 5.95% of xylanase, 2.38% of acid cellulase, 35.72% of cellobiase, and 55.95% of β-glucanase;

[0053] (c) the stirred solution is allowed to stand for 20-40 minutes to cool to room temperature and then filtered through a 100-200 mesh filter to obtain a straw enzymatic hydrolysis clear solution;

[0054] (d) The straw enzymatic hydrolysis liquid is adjusted to neutrality with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the required dust suppressant stock solution.

[0055] Preparation method: According to the mass ratio, add the binder guar gum, the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate, the ammonia purifying agent silicate, the catalyst iron oxide, titanium oxide, the moisturizing agent sodium lactate and ethylene glycol to the dust suppressant stock solution in sequence, and continue stirring for 10-20 minutes at a stirring rate of 150-200r / min until the solution is evenly mixed, thereby preparing the plant-based crust-containing environmentally friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant containing ammonia dust toxicity.

[0056] The ammonia removal dust suppressant prepared in this example was subjected to dust suppression efficiency test, moisture absorption and water retention test, water resistance test and ammonia removal performance test in sequence. The test method used a test device such as Figure 1As shown, it includes an outdoor environment simulation room 1, a simulation fan 6, an ammonia bottle 8 and an ammonia detector 14 for detecting the ammonia concentration in a conical flask 12 placed on a test bench 5; a test bench 5 is placed in the outdoor environment simulation room 1, a culture dish 4 and a conical flask 12 are placed on the test bench 5, a matching bottle mouth plug 11 is provided on the conical flask 12, two glass straight-through tubes 13 are inserted on the bottle mouth plug 11, and air pipes 10 are connected to the glass straight-through tubes 13, one end of one of the air pipes 10 passes through the air pipe port 15 to be connected to the ammonia bottle 8, and one end of the other air pipe 10 passes through the air pipe port 15 to be connected to the outdoor environment simulation room 1; a wind tunnel 7 is opened at one end of the outdoor environment simulation room 1, and the air outlet of the simulation fan 6 is facing the wind tunnel 7; a nozzle water inlet pipe 2 is installed on the top of the outdoor environment simulation room 1, and a plurality of nozzles 3 are evenly arranged on the nozzle water inlet pipe 2 located in the outdoor environment simulation room 1; a flow controller 9 is installed on the air pipe 10 connected to the ammonia bottle 8. The test process and results are as follows:

[0057] (a) Dust suppression efficiency test

[0058] Iron ore samples were collected from the iron ore blasting site, and after grinding, the iron ore powder samples were sieved with a 150-mesh filter screen. The obtained iron ore powder samples were dried at 110°C for 3 hours, and the treated iron ore powder samples of the same mass were collected in a culture dish for later use; the same volumes of the ammonia removal and dust suppression agent solution of the present invention and tap water were sprayed into different culture dishes respectively, and the spraying density was 3L / m 2 , let it stand for 2 days in the same environment for use, and weigh the sample mass; use a blower to simulate different wind speeds on site, set the wind speed to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 m / s, and blow air continuously for 1.5 hours on the treated culture dishes. Record the surface damage and mass of the iron ore powder samples in the culture dishes, calculate the mass loss rate, and test each group of experiments three times to obtain the average value.

[0059] Under the erosion of 5 simulated wind flows, the mass of the iron ore powder samples in the culture dish sprayed with the ammonia dust suppressant did not decrease significantly, and the surface coating was basically intact, while the mass loss of the iron ore powder samples in the culture dish sprayed with tap water was more serious with the increase of wind speed, which also shows that the ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention can suppress secondary dust in harsh environments. The surface changes and mass loss rates of the iron ore powder samples in the culture dish sprayed with dust suppressants and tap water at 6 different wind speed levels are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1 Experimental results of surface changes and mass loss rate of iron ore powder samples in culture dishes at different wind speeds

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] (b) Moisture absorption and water retention test

[0064] According to past research results, if the moisture content of the dust consolidation shell is greater than 4%, the generation of secondary dust can be effectively suppressed. In the experiment, the iron ore powder sample was spread flat in a culture dish, and equal volumes of the ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention and tap water were evenly sprayed into the culture dish, respectively, with a spraying density of 3L / m 2 , weigh its initial weight, weigh its mass every 8 hours in a constant temperature and humidity environment at 20℃ and 40% humidity, record the mass change, observe the iron ore powder sample and record the change of moisture content over time until it stabilizes.

[0065] The iron ore powder samples sprayed with tap water and the ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention were compared. A layer of covering layer was formed on the surface of the iron ore powder samples sprayed with tap water and the ammonia dust suppressant. However, as the time in the air increased, the moisture content of the iron ore powder sample sprayed with tap water gradually decreased, and the amplitude was large; while the moisture content of the iron ore powder sample sprayed with the ammonia dust suppressant was still 7.6% after standing for 72 hours, which has good moisture absorption and water retention. The experimental results show that the ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention has a strong moisture absorption and moisture retention ability, and can maintain the wettability of the covering layer for a long time. The moisture absorption and water retention test results of the experimental iron ore powder samples are shown in Table 2.

[0066] Table 2 Test results of moisture absorption and water retention performance of experimental iron ore powder samples

[0067]

[0068] (c) Water resistance test

[0069] The water resistance test of the covering layer formed after the ammonia dust suppressant is cured is to test the effect of rain intensity on the formation of the dust suppressant covering layer. Therefore, in the laboratory, different amounts of water were sprayed to simulate rainy weather, and light rain (10L / m 2 d), moderate rain (25L / m 2 d), heavy rain (50L / m 2 d), heavy rain (100L / m 2 First, the iron ore powder sample is spread flat in a culture dish, and equal volumes of the ammonia dust suppressant of the present invention and tap water are evenly sprayed into the two culture dishes respectively. When simulating light rain, the liquid is sprayed into the culture dish three times within one day, and the total spraying volume is 10L / m 2 ,In the experiment, the changes on the surface of the iron ore powder sample in the ,culture dish were observed. After the spray experiment, it was placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment ,at 20 ℃ and humidity 40% for 24 hours, and its mass was weighed. ,Then it was repeated three times, and the other rainfall amounts were similar.

[0070] After being repeatedly washed by simulated rainwater spraying at four levels, namely, light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain and torrential rain, the surface covering layer of the iron ore powder in the culture dish sprayed with ammonia dust suppressant remained intact under light rain and moderate rain for three consecutive times, and remained basically intact under heavy rain for the first two times, but surface cracking occurred on the third time; under torrential rain, surface cracking occurred on the second time, and a small amount of iron ore powder was lost on the third time. The surface covering layer of the iron ore powder in the culture dish sprayed with tap water remained intact under light rain for three consecutive times, and remained basically intact under moderate rain for the first time, but surface cracking occurred on the second time and accompanied by iron ore powder loss, and serious iron ore powder loss occurred on the first time under torrential rain.

[0071] (d) Ammonia removal performance test

[0072] According to the principle of adding 2L of ammonia dust suppressant per cubic meter, the ammonia dust suppressant is put into a conical flask and mixed thoroughly with water. Then, a stable and continuous 20L / min ammonia is introduced into the conical flask through the air tube using an ammonia cylinder for a long-term performance test in a water bath. The pH value in the conical flask and the outlet ammonia concentration are recorded every 20 minutes using an ammonia monitor to determine the time when ammonia elimination reaches a stable value, rising period, and exceeding the standard period.

[0073] The system tested the ammonia removal performance of the ammonia removal dust suppressant. The results showed that the ammonia removal dust suppressant completed mixing within 5 minutes, the ammonia removal efficiency was 83.3%, and the stabilization time was 500 minutes; the continuous operation time was 970 minutes, and when the ammonia removal dust suppressant was used, although the gas discharged from the outlet was mixed with a small amount of ammonia odor, it contained fragrance, the water body exuded a fragrance, and produced dense and fluffy foam, which effectively prevented the volatilization of ammonia in the water body. Finally, the pH value of the water body was stabilized at 9.34, which improved the odor of the exhaust air while improving the ammonia removal effect.

[0074] Based on the above test results, the plant-based environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust from iron ore blasting in this embodiment has good comprehensive performance, can form a covering layer with a certain strength on the surface of iron ore powder in the spraying area, can withstand wind erosion of 12m / s, can maintain the moisture content of the surface of iron ore powder not less than 7.6% for 72h, and can withstand the erosion of heavy rain. It can also inhibit and eliminate ammonia for a long time, and the ammonia elimination efficiency reaches 83.3%, which can effectively improve the workplace environment.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] The invention discloses an environmentally friendly plant-based encrustation ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust, which is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.4% of guar gum as a binder, 0.06% of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant, 1% of silicate as an ammonia-removing agent, 0.3% of iron oxide as a catalyst, 0.4% of titanium oxide as a catalyst, 3% of sodium lactate as a moisturizing agent, 20% of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze agent, and 74.84% of a dust suppressant stock solution.

[0077] The specific composition of the ammonia-removing silicate, the preparation method of the dust suppressant stock solution, the preparation method of the ammonia-removing dust suppressant, and the detection method in this embodiment are all consistent with those in Example 1.

[0078] The test results of this embodiment show that the plant-based crust-environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust poison in iron ore blasting of this embodiment has good comprehensive performance, can form a layer of covering layer with a certain strength on the surface of iron ore powder in the spraying area, can withstand wind erosion of 15m / s, can maintain the moisture content of the surface of iron ore powder not less than 7.3% for 72h, and can withstand the erosion of heavy rain. It can also inhibit and eliminate ammonia for a long time, and the ammonia elimination efficiency reaches 81.5%, which can effectively improve the workplace environment.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] The invention discloses an environmentally friendly plant-based encrustation ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust, which is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.2% of guar gum as a binder, 0.03% of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant, 1% of silicate as an ammonia-removing agent, 0.1% of iron oxide as a catalyst, 0.2% of titanium oxide as a catalyst, 1% of sodium lactate as a moisturizing agent, 5% of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze agent, and 92.47% of a dust suppressant stock solution.

[0081] The specific composition of the ammonia-removing silicate, the preparation method of the dust suppressant stock solution, the preparation method of the ammonia-removing dust suppressant, and the detection method in this embodiment are all consistent with those in Example 1.

[0082] The test results of this embodiment show that the plant-based crust-environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust poison in iron ore blasting in this embodiment has good comprehensive performance, can form a covering layer with a certain strength on the surface of iron ore powder in the spraying area, can withstand wind erosion of 17m / s, can maintain the moisture content of the surface of iron ore powder not less than 7.0% for 72h, and can withstand the erosion of heavy rain. It can also inhibit and eliminate ammonia for a long time, and the ammonia elimination efficiency reaches 80.4%, which can effectively improve the workplace environment.

[0083] In summary, the components used in the ammonia removal and dust suppressant of the present invention are both economical and environmentally friendly. The main materials selected are plant-based, which are easily available and inexpensive, non-toxic, harmless and easy to decompose. Secondly, other reagents are used to enhance the consolidation effect on iron ore powder and enhance the adsorption of ammonia in the air. It has the advantages of high strength of the covering layer structure, high hygroscopicity, resistance to sewage scouring, and high ammonia removal performance. In addition, the production process is simple, easy to use, and will not damage the ecosystem in the spraying area, so it is feasible for promotion.

Claims

1. A plant-based encrustation environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.2%-0.4% of guar gum as a binder, 0.03%-0.06% of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant, 1%-3% of silicate as a purifying agent, 0.1%-0.3% of iron oxide as a catalyst, 0.2%-0.4% of titanium oxide as a catalyst, 1%-3% of sodium lactate as a moisturizing agent, 5%-20% of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze agent, and 74.84%-92.47% of a dust suppressant stock solution.

2. The plant-based crust-environmentally friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.3% of guar gum as a binder, 0.05% of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant, 3% of silicate as a purifying agent, 0.1% of iron oxide as a catalyst, 0.2% of titanium oxide as a catalyst, 1% of sodium lactate as a moisturizing agent, 10% of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze agent, and 85.35% of a dust suppressant stock solution.

3. A plant-based crust-environmentally friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ammonia purifying agent silicate consists of 7.42% of aluminum silicate, 47.93% of iron silicate, 3.18% of sodium silicate, 12.34% of calcium silicate and 29.13% of potassium silicate by mass percentage.

4. A plant-based crust-environmentally friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method for preparing the dust suppressant stock solution comprises the following steps: (a) crushing plant straw into straws with a length of 10-20 mm; (b) preparing a weakly acidic solution with a pH of 4.5-5 with dilute sulfuric acid, then adding the crushed plant straw and stirring at 35-45° C. for 25-35 minutes to fully wet the straw, with a stirring rate of 150-300 r / min; then adding the composite cellulase while stirring, and continuing to stir for 40-50 minutes at a stirring rate of 200-300 r / min; (c) the stirred solution is allowed to stand for 20-40 minutes to cool to room temperature and then filtered through a 100-200 mesh filter to obtain a straw enzymatic hydrolysis clear solution; (d) The straw enzymatic hydrolysis solution is adjusted to neutrality with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the required dust suppressant stock solution.

5. The plant-based crust-environmentally friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (a), the plant straw is one of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw; in step (b), the mass volume ratio between the plant straw and the weak acid solution is 1g:50mL; the mass ratio of the cellulose complex enzyme to the plant straw is 3:20; the cellulose complex enzyme consists of 5.95% of xylanase, 2.38% of acid cellulase, 35.72% of cellobiase and 55.95% of beta-glucanase.

6. A method for testing the plant-based crust environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises a dust suppression efficiency test, a moisture absorption and water retention test, a water resistance test and an ammonia removal performance test; the test device used in the test method comprises an outdoor environment simulation room (1), a simulated fan (6), an ammonia bottle (8) and an ammonia detector (14) for detecting the ammonia concentration in a conical flask (12); a laboratory table (5) is placed in the outdoor environment simulation room (1), a culture dish (4) and a conical flask (12) are placed on the laboratory table (5), a matching bottle mouth plug (11) is provided on the conical flask (12), two glass straight tubes (13) are inserted into the bottle mouth plug (11), and the glass straight tubes (13) are connected to The invention relates to an air pipe (10), wherein one end of one air pipe (10) passes through an air pipe opening (15) and is connected to an ammonia cylinder (8), and one end of the other air pipe (10) passes through the air pipe opening (15) and is connected to an ammonia concentration monitor (14); a wind tunnel (7) is provided at one end of the outdoor environment simulation room (1), and an air outlet of the simulation fan (6) faces the wind tunnel (7); a nozzle water inlet pipe (2) is installed at the top of the outdoor environment simulation room (1), and a plurality of nozzles (3) are evenly arranged on the nozzle water inlet pipe (2) located in the outdoor environment simulation room (1); and a flow controller (9) is installed on the air pipe (10) connected to the ammonia cylinder (8).

7. The testing method of a plant-based crust environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dust suppression efficiency test comprises the following steps: (a) collecting iron ore samples from the iron ore blasting site, grinding and sieving the iron ore powder samples with a 150-mesh filter screen, drying the obtained iron ore powder samples at 110° C. for 3 h, and using a culture dish (4) to collect the processed iron ore powder samples of the same mass for later use; (b) Add equal volumes of the ammonia dust suppressant solution of claim 1 and tap water to different culture dishes (4), respectively, wherein the density of the ammonia dust suppressant is 3 L / m 2 , leave it to stand for 2 days under the same environment, and weigh the sample mass; (c) A simulation fan (6) is used to simulate different wind speeds on site. The wind speeds are set to 4 m / s, 6 m / s, 8 m / s, 10 m / s, 12 m / s, and 14 m / s. The treated culture dish (4) is blown continuously for 1.5 hours. The surface damage and mass of the iron ore powder sample in the culture dish (4) are recorded, and the mass loss rate is calculated. Each group of experiments is tested three times to obtain the average value.

8. The method for testing a plant-based crust environment-friendly ammonia-eliminating dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia-containing dust according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moisture absorption and water retention test comprises the following steps: (a) Spread the iron ore powder sample flat in a culture dish (4), and evenly spray equal volumes of the ammonia dust suppressant according to claim 1 and tap water into the culture dish (4), respectively, with the spraying density of the ammonia dust suppressant being 3 L / m 2 , weigh its initial weight; (b) In a constant temperature and humidity environment at 20°C and 40% humidity, weigh the iron ore powder every 8 hours and record the change in mass. Observe the iron ore powder sample and record the change in moisture content over time until it stabilizes.

9. The testing method of a plant-based crust environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water resistance test comprises the following steps: (a) In the outdoor environment simulation room (1), different amounts of water were sprayed to simulate the underground rainwater environment, and the light rain (10L / m 2 d), moderate rain (25L / m 2 d), heavy rain (50L / m 2 d), heavy rain (100L / m 2 d) Four levels; (b) spreading the iron ore powder sample flat in a culture dish (4), and spraying equal volumes of the ammonia removal and dust suppressant according to claim 1 and tap water evenly into two culture dishes (4); (c) When simulating light rain, spray liquid into the culture dish (4) three times within one day, with a total spraying volume of 10L / m 2 , the surface changes of the iron ore powder sample in the culture dish (4) were observed in the experiment; when simulating moderate rain, heavy rain or rainstorm, the liquid was sprayed into the culture dish (4) three times within one day, except that the total spraying volume was changed with reference to step (a); (d) After the spray test, place the sample in a constant temperature and humidity environment at 20°C and 40% for 24 hours, weigh the sample, and repeat this three times.

10. The testing method of a plant-based crust environmentally friendly ammonia dust suppressant for eliminating ammonia dust toxicity according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ammonia removal performance test comprises the following steps: (a) According to the principle of adding 2L of ammonia dust suppressant per cubic meter, the ammonia dust suppressant is put into a conical flask (12) and mixed with water thoroughly, and then ammonia gas is introduced into the conical flask (12) through the air pipe (10) using an ammonia bottle (8) to pass a stable and continuous 20L / min ammonia gas into the conical flask (12) to perform a water bath long-term performance test; (b) The pH value in the conical flask (12) and the outlet ammonia concentration are recorded every 20 minutes using an ammonia monitor (14) to determine when the ammonia elimination reaches a stable value, a rising period, or a period exceeding the standard.

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