Construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit deformation monitoring, and particularly discloses a BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method and system. According to the embodiment of the invention, foundation pit BIM data of a target monitoring foundation pit are obtained, and a target monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle is selected; constructing a monitoring space coordinate system, and selecting a deformation monitoring point position; dynamically planning a deformation monitoring period; periodically carrying out deformation monitoring shooting to obtain foundation pit shooting data; and feature recognition and change analysis are conducted on the foundation pit shooting data, and foundation pit deformation early warning is conducted when the foundation pit deformation risk exists. A monitoring space coordinate system can be constructed, a deformation monitoring point position is selected, a deformation monitoring period is dynamically planned, a target monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle is periodically controlled to carry out deformation monitoring shooting, foundation pit deformation early warning is carried out when a foundation pit deformation risk exists, monitoring and early warning arrangement is simple, processing and analysis by many technicians are not needed, and the foundation pit deformation early warning efficiency is improved. The time and labor cost is effectively reduced, and the maintenance cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of foundation pit deformation monitoring, and in particular relates to a BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method and system. Background Art

[0002] Foundation pit deformation monitoring is the process of real-time or regular measurement and analysis of displacement, settlement, inclination and other deformation conditions of the foundation pit and its surrounding strata during earth excavation, underground structure construction and other engineering activities in order to ensure the safety of the surrounding environment and the stability of the engineering structure. It specifically includes displacement monitoring, settlement monitoring and inclination monitoring.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to improve the accuracy of foundation pit deformation monitoring, optical fiber sensing technology is usually used for foundation pit deformation monitoring. Although the monitoring accuracy and automation level can be effectively improved, the layout of optical fiber sensing is relatively complicated and requires many technicians to process and analyze, which increases time and labor costs, and the maintenance cost is also high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method and system, aiming to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: A method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM, the method specifically comprising the following steps: Determine a target monitoring pit, obtain the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and select a target monitoring drone; Obtaining the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system, analyzing the foundation pit BIM data, and selecting deformation monitoring points in the monitoring space coordinate system; Acquire the construction planning information and the meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyze the construction planning information and the meteorological information of the location, and dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle; According to the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically controlling the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain foundation pit photography data; Feature recognition and change analysis are performed on the foundation pit photographed data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, a foundation pit deformation warning is issued.

[0006] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the determining the target monitoring pit, obtaining the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and selecting the target monitoring drone specifically include the following steps: Determine the target monitoring pit; Obtaining target basic information of the target monitoring pit; According to the target basic information, matching the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit; Select the target monitoring drone.

[0007] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the acquiring of the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system, and analyzing the foundation pit BIM data, in the monitoring space coordinate system, selecting the deformation monitoring point specifically includes the following steps: Obtaining the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring UAV; Taking the monitoring take-off position as the spatial coordinate origin, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system; Based on the monitoring space coordinate system, construct a monitoring space environment; In the monitoring space environment, the foundation pit BIM data is imported, and monitoring point analysis is performed to select deformation monitoring points.

[0008] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining of the construction planning information and the location meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyzing the construction planning information and the location meteorological information, and dynamically planning the deformation monitoring cycle specifically include the following steps: Obtaining construction planning information of the target monitoring foundation pit; Extracting the target pit position of the target monitoring pit from the target basic information; According to the target foundation pit location, obtaining location meteorological information; The construction planning information and the meteorological information of the location are analyzed to dynamically plan a deformation monitoring cycle.

[0009] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, according to the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically controlling the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point, and obtaining the foundation pit photography data specifically includes the following steps: According to the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically generating deformation monitoring instructions; sending the deformation monitoring instruction to the target monitoring UAV; The target monitoring UAV is controlled to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain foundation pit photography data.

[0010] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the feature recognition and change analysis of the foundation pit photographed data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, the foundation pit deformation warning specifically includes the following steps: Performing feature recognition on the foundation pit photographed data to obtain foundation pit feature data; Import historical feature data; According to the historical characteristic data, performing change analysis on the foundation pit characteristic data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; When there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, a deformation warning signal is generated; According to the deformation warning signal, a foundation pit deformation warning is carried out.

[0011] A BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning system, the system includes a BIM data acquisition unit, a monitoring point selection unit, a periodic dynamic planning unit, a deformation monitoring shooting unit and a foundation pit deformation early warning unit, wherein: A BIM data acquisition unit is used to determine a target monitoring pit, acquire the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and select a target monitoring drone; A monitoring point selection unit is used to obtain the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, construct a monitoring space coordinate system, analyze the foundation pit BIM data, and select deformation monitoring points in the monitoring space coordinate system; A cycle dynamic planning unit, used to obtain the construction planning information and the location meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyze the construction planning information and the location meteorological information, and dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle; A deformation monitoring shooting unit is used to periodically control the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring shooting of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point according to the deformation monitoring cycle, and obtain foundation pit shooting data; The foundation pit deformation warning unit is used to perform feature recognition and change analysis on the foundation pit photographed data, determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and issue a foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation.

[0012] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the BIM data acquisition unit specifically includes: A foundation pit determination module is used to determine the target monitoring foundation pit; An information acquisition module is used to acquire target basic information of the target monitoring pit; A data matching module, used to match the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit according to the target basic information; The drone selection module is used to select the target monitoring drone.

[0013] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring point selection unit specifically includes: A position acquisition module, used to obtain the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring UAV; A coordinate system construction module, used to construct a monitoring space coordinate system with the monitoring take-off position as the space coordinate origin; An environment construction module, used to construct a monitoring space environment based on the monitoring space coordinate system; The point selection module is used to import the foundation pit BIM data in the monitoring space environment, perform monitoring point analysis, and select deformation monitoring points.

[0014] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the foundation pit deformation warning unit specifically includes: A feature recognition module is used to perform feature recognition on the foundation pit photographed data to obtain foundation pit feature data; History import module, used to import historical feature data; A change analysis module, used to perform change analysis on the foundation pit characteristic data according to the historical characteristic data, and determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; A signal generation module, used to generate a deformation warning signal when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; The deformation warning module is used to provide foundation pit deformation warning according to the deformation warning signal.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The embodiment of the present invention obtains the BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit and selects the target monitoring drone; constructs a monitoring space coordinate system and selects deformation monitoring points; dynamically plans the deformation monitoring cycle; periodically performs deformation monitoring shooting to obtain foundation pit shooting data; performs feature recognition and change analysis on the foundation pit shooting data, and performs foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation. It is possible to construct a monitoring space coordinate system, select deformation monitoring points, dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically control the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring shooting, and perform foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation. The monitoring and warning arrangement is simple, and does not require many technicians to process and analyze, which effectively reduces time and labor costs, and greatly reduces maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1A flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 A flow chart of determining a target monitoring pit in the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0019] Figure 3 A flow chart of selecting deformation monitoring points in the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 A flow chart of dynamically planning a deformation monitoring cycle in the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0021] Figure 5 A flow chart of obtaining foundation pit photographing data in the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 6 A flow chart of performing foundation pit deformation early warning in the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 7 The application architecture diagram of the system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 8 A structural block diagram of a BIM data acquisition unit in a system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Fig. 9 The structure block diagram of the monitoring point selection unit in the system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Fig.10 A structural block diagram of a foundation pit deformation warning unit in a system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] It is understandable that in the prior art, in order to improve the accuracy of foundation pit deformation monitoring, fiber optic sensing technology is usually used to monitor foundation pit deformation. Although the monitoring accuracy and automation level can be effectively improved, the layout of fiber optic sensing is relatively complicated and requires many technicians to process and analyze, which increases time and labor costs, and the maintenance cost is also high.

[0029] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present invention determines the target monitoring foundation pit, obtains the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit, and selects the target monitoring drone; obtains the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, constructs a monitoring space coordinate system, and analyzes the foundation pit BIM data. In the monitoring space coordinate system, a deformation monitoring point is selected; the construction planning information and location meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit are obtained, the construction planning information and location meteorological information are analyzed, and the deformation monitoring cycle is dynamically planned; according to the deformation monitoring cycle, the target monitoring drone is periodically controlled to perform deformation monitoring shooting of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain the foundation pit shooting data; the foundation pit shooting data is feature identified and analyzed for changes, and it is determined whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, a foundation pit deformation warning is performed. It is possible to construct a monitoring space coordinate system, select a deformation monitoring point, dynamically plan a deformation monitoring cycle, periodically control the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring shooting, and when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, a foundation pit deformation warning is performed. The monitoring and warning arrangement is simple, and there is no need for many technicians to process and analyze, which effectively reduces time and labor costs, and greatly reduces maintenance costs.

[0030] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0031] Specifically, a BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method, the method specifically includes the following steps: Step S101, determine the target monitoring pit, obtain the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and select the target monitoring drone.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, by determining the target monitoring pit that requires deformation monitoring and early warning, the target basic information of the target monitoring pit is obtained, the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit is matched according to the target basic information, and multiple drones that are idle near the target monitoring pit are determined, and the target monitoring drone is selected from them.

[0033] Specifically, Figure 2 A flow chart of determining a target monitoring pit in the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the determining of the target monitoring pit, obtaining the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and selecting the target monitoring drone specifically include the following steps: Step S1011, determining the target monitoring pit; Step S1012, obtaining target basic information of the target monitoring pit; Step S1013, matching the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit according to the target basic information; Step S1014, selecting a target monitoring drone.

[0035] Specifically, according to the target basic information, the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit is matched, and the specific steps are as follows: Based on the target foundation information, the position of the foundation pit, the size of the foundation pit, the shape of the foundation pit and the depth of the foundation pit are obtained, wherein the position of the foundation pit corresponds to the size of the foundation pit one by one; Based on the foundation pit BIM data, the location, size, shape and depth of the foundation pit are obtained, and the location of the foundation pit corresponds to the size of the foundation pit one by one; The BIM data in the BIM database is preprocessed using the verification mechanism of the integrity constraint rules to obtain the preprocessed BIM data; Traverse the pre-processed BIM data in the BIM database, match the current foundation pit position with the foundation pit position based on multi-dimensional data analysis, if the two are equal, the match is successful, and the corresponding pre-processed BIM data is output; if there is a deviation between the current foundation pit position and the foundation pit position, determine whether the match is successful based on the preset tolerance range; otherwise, the match fails, and the current pre-processed BIM data is skipped, and the next pre-processed BIM data is compared; After the comparison is completed, all the output pre-processed BIM data are collected into a data list, and the matching accuracy is adjusted based on the dynamic optimization matching rules and combined with the historical matching data; Traverse all the pre-processed BIM data in the data list, use the multi-dimensional fusion matching strategy, combine the shape and depth, further match the size of the current foundation pit with the size of the foundation pit, if the two are equal, the match is successful, and the matched pre-processed BIM data is output and obtained; otherwise, the match fails, and the current pre-processed BIM data is skipped, and the next pre-processed BIM data is compared; After the comparison is completed, all successfully matched pre-processed BIM data are output.

[0036] Specifically, the pre-processed BIM data in the BIM database is traversed, and the location of the current foundation pit and the location of the foundation pit are matched based on multi-dimensional data analysis. The specific steps are as follows: Extract the location coordinates of the foundation pit and the location coordinates of the current pit; The difference between the location coordinates of the foundation pit and the location coordinates of the current pit is calculated dimension by dimension to obtain the offset in dimension; Accumulate the squares of the offsets in the dimensions to get the sum of the squares of the offsets; Perform a square root operation on the sum of the squares of the offsets to obtain the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit; Set the distance tolerance range; According to the tolerance range of the distance, the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit is matched with the tolerance range of the distance; When the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit is less than or equal to the tolerance range of the distance, it is confirmed that the position information of the foundation pit foundation matches the position information of the current foundation pit successfully; when the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit is greater than the tolerance range of the distance, it is confirmed that the position information of the foundation pit foundation matches the position information of the current foundation pit, and the next data is processed.

[0037] Furthermore, the BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method further includes the following steps: Step S102, obtaining the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system, analyzing the foundation pit BIM data, and selecting deformation monitoring points in the monitoring space coordinate system.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, by acquiring the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring UAV, a monitoring space coordinate system is constructed with the monitoring take-off position as the origin of the space coordinates. Then, based on the monitoring space coordinate system, a monitoring space environment is constructed. The foundation pit BIM data is imported into the monitoring space environment. By performing monitoring point analysis on the foundation pit BIM data, deformation monitoring points on the upper side of the target monitoring foundation pit are selected.

[0039] Specifically, Figure 3 A flow chart of selecting deformation monitoring points in the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0040] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone is obtained, a monitoring space coordinate system is constructed, and the foundation pit BIM data is analyzed. In the monitoring space coordinate system, selecting the deformation monitoring point specifically includes the following steps: Step S1021, obtaining the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring UAV; Step S1022, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system with the monitoring take-off position as the space coordinate origin; Step S1023, constructing a monitoring space environment based on the monitoring space coordinate system; Step S1024, in the monitoring space environment, import the foundation pit BIM data, perform monitoring point analysis, and select deformation monitoring points.

[0041] Specifically, in the monitoring space environment, the foundation pit BIM data is imported, and monitoring point analysis is performed to select deformation monitoring points. The specific steps are as follows: Extract the coordinate points of foundation pit BIM data from foundation pit BIM data; Generate reference coordinate points based on the distribution characteristics and adjacent relationships of the coordinate points of the foundation pit BIM data; For foundation pits that do not meet the preset regularity, reference coordinate points are generated through a multi-region collaborative reference point optimization mechanism, combined with regional division and weight allocation; Based on the reference coordinate point, the three components of the coordinate point of each foundation pit BIM data are recorded one by one, specifically including the abscissa of the data coordinate point, the ordinate of the data coordinate point, and the height of the data coordinate point; Decompose the reference coordinate point into three components, specifically including the abscissa of the reference coordinate point, the ordinate of the reference coordinate point, and the height of the reference coordinate point; Add the abscissa of the data coordinate point to the abscissa of the reference coordinate point to obtain the abscissa of the deformation monitoring point; Add the ordinate of the data coordinate point to the ordinate of the reference coordinate point to obtain the ordinate of the deformation monitoring point; Add the height of the data coordinate point to the height of the reference coordinate point to obtain the height of the deformation monitoring point; Based on the horizontal coordinate of the deformation monitoring point, the vertical coordinate of the deformation monitoring point and the height of the deformation monitoring point, the coordinates of the deformation monitoring point are generated to further determine the position of the deformation monitoring point, and at the same time associate the time dimension and the construction stage information.

[0042] Specifically, for foundation pits that do not meet the preset regularity, a multi-region collaborative reference point optimization mechanism is used to generate reference coordinate points in combination with regional division and weight allocation. The specific steps are as follows: Extract the coordinate points of the current foundation pit, and traverse the coordinate points of the current foundation pit one by one; Determine whether the current foundation pit is within the boundary of the current area according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the coordinate point of the current foundation pit; If it is within the boundary of the current area, the coordinate point of the current foundation pit is assigned to the current area set; Extract the coordinate points of all foundation pits in the current area set as a matrix; The horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the height of the coordinate point of the current foundation pit are weighted averaged by using the weights to obtain the coordinates of the reference point corresponding to the current foundation pit; Traverse each reference point and check whether there is an adjacent area for the current reference point; If there is an adjacent area, the coordinates of the reference point in the adjacent area are averaged with the coordinates of the current reference point to obtain the smoothed coordinates of the reference point and output them; If there is no adjacent area, the current reference point coordinates are kept unchanged and output.

[0043] The present invention reads the coordinates of all points from BIM data and converts the coordinates of all points into deformation monitoring point coordinates using reference coordinates. This process ensures that all points are expressed in a unified reference coordinate system to facilitate subsequent monitoring and analysis.

[0044] Furthermore, the BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method further includes the following steps: Step S103, obtaining the construction planning information and the location meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyzing the construction planning information and the location meteorological information, and dynamically planning the deformation monitoring cycle.

[0045] Specifically, the construction planning information and the meteorological information of the location are analyzed to dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle. The specific steps are as follows: When the meteorological conditions are normal and the construction phase is at a critical phase, the current construction phase is recorded as a non-critical phase, the current meteorological conditions are recorded as normal meteorological conditions, and the current monitoring period is set as the default monitoring period; Combine normal meteorological conditions with the meteorological information of the location to determine the corresponding precipitation threshold and wind speed threshold; Extract the current precipitation and wind speed from the meteorological information of the current location. If any one of the current precipitation and wind speed exceeds the precipitation threshold or wind speed threshold, it is judged as bad weather, and the monitoring period is shortened based on the default monitoring period to obtain a monitoring period adjusted based on the current weather. Determine the current construction phase from the current construction planning information; The current construction stage is judged based on the non-critical stage. If the current construction stage is also a non-critical stage, the monitoring period is shortened based on the default monitoring period to obtain a monitoring period adjusted based on the current construction stage. The shortest monitoring period is determined by comprehensively considering the monitoring period adjusted based on the current weather and the monitoring period adjusted based on the current construction stage, so as to realize dynamic planning of deformation monitoring period.

[0046] The present invention analyzes the current location meteorological information and the current construction planning information one by one, and dynamically adjusts the monitoring cycle according to meteorological conditions and construction stages, so as to flexibly respond to complex changes in the construction environment.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, by acquiring the construction planning information of the target monitoring pit, and extracting the target pit position of the target monitoring pit from the target basic information, and then acquiring the location meteorological information of the target monitoring pit based on the target pit position, the comprehensive construction planning information and location meteorological information are analyzed, and the deformation monitoring period is dynamically planned so that the deformation monitoring period is related to both the construction planning information and the location meteorological information. The higher the construction frequency and duration, the shorter the deformation monitoring period; the greater the probability of rain, flooding, etc., the shorter the deformation monitoring period.

[0048] Specifically, Figure 4 A flow chart of dynamically planning a deformation monitoring cycle in the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0049] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the obtaining of the construction planning information and the location meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyzing the construction planning information and the location meteorological information, and dynamically planning the deformation monitoring cycle specifically include the following steps: Step S1031, obtaining the construction planning information of the target monitoring foundation pit; Step S1032, extracting the target pit position of the target monitoring pit from the target basic information; Step S1033, obtaining location meteorological information according to the target foundation pit location; Step S1034, analyzing the construction planning information and the location meteorological information, and dynamically planning a deformation monitoring cycle.

[0050] Furthermore, the BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method further includes the following steps: Step S104, according to the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically controlling the target monitoring UAV to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain foundation pit photography data.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, deformation monitoring instructions are periodically generated according to the deformation monitoring cycle. The deformation monitoring instructions are sent to a target monitoring UAV. After receiving the deformation monitoring instructions, the target monitoring UAV flies to the deformation monitoring point in accordance with the deformation monitoring instructions, performs deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit, and feeds back and transmits the foundation pit photography data, thereby obtaining the foundation pit photography data transmitted by the target monitoring UAV.

[0052] Specifically, Figure 5 A flow chart of obtaining foundation pit photographing data in the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, according to the deformation monitoring cycle, the target monitoring drone is periodically controlled to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point, and obtaining the foundation pit photography data specifically includes the following steps: Step S1041, periodically generating deformation monitoring instructions according to the deformation monitoring cycle; Step S1042, sending the deformation monitoring instruction to the target monitoring drone; Step S1043, controlling the target monitoring UAV to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain foundation pit photography data.

[0054] Specifically, the target monitoring drone is controlled to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain foundation pit photography data, and the specific steps are as follows: The spatial coordinates of the monitoring points and the total number of monitoring points are obtained through BIM, and the Euclidean distance of the front and rear monitoring points is calculated through the spatial coordinates of the detection points. The flight path optimization strategy is calculated based on the Euclidean distance and the total number of detection points. The corresponding process has the following relationship: ; in, represents the flight path optimization strategy, represents the total number of monitoring points, Indicates The spatial coordinates of the monitoring points, Indicates The spatial coordinates of the monitoring points, Represents the flight distance weight coefficient; The shooting angle is determined by the parameters of the drone camera, and the adjustment amount of the shooting angle is determined based on the shooting angle. The angle adjustment optimization strategy is calculated based on the adjustment amount of the shooting angle and the total number of monitoring points. The corresponding process has the following relationship: ; in, represents the perspective adjustment optimization strategy, represents the perspective adjustment weight coefficient, Indicated in The shooting angle of each monitoring point, Indicated in Shooting angles of monitoring points; The total number of pit deformation monitoring points is obtained, and the position coordinates of the pit deformation monitoring points are obtained based on BIM. Then, the optimization strategy of the deformation monitoring points is determined by calculating the total number of pit deformation monitoring points and the position coordinates of the pit deformation monitoring points. The corresponding relationship in the process is: ; in, represents the optimization strategy of deformation monitoring points, represents the weight coefficient of the deformation monitoring point, Indicates Coordinates of deformation monitoring points, , and Both indicate The unique component of a deformation monitoring point, represents the deformation function of the monitoring point; Combining the flight path optimization strategy, the perspective adjustment optimization strategy and the deformation monitoring point optimization strategy, a comprehensive optimization strategy is obtained. The relationship between the corresponding processes is: ; in, represents a comprehensive optimization strategy; A comprehensive optimization strategy is used to optimize UAV deformation monitoring shooting and obtain foundation pit shooting data.

[0055] Furthermore, the present invention reduces the probability of foundation pit safety accidents by giving priority to covering high-risk areas to ensure the timeliness and pertinence of monitoring; the present invention emphasizes the importance of deformation. When the deformation of a monitoring point approaches or exceeds the tolerance threshold, the deformation will increase to force the optimization strategy to give priority to covering these monitoring points.

[0056] Furthermore, the BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method further includes the following steps: Step S105, performing feature recognition and change analysis on the foundation pit photographed data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and issuing a foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present invention, feature recognition is performed on the photographed data of the foundation pit to obtain foundation pit feature data, and historical feature data is imported. Based on the historical feature data, a change analysis is performed on the foundation pit feature data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, a deformation warning signal is generated. At this time, a foundation pit deformation warning is performed according to the deformation warning signal.

[0058] Specifically, Figure 6 A flow chart of performing foundation pit deformation early warning in the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0059] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the feature recognition and change analysis of the foundation pit photographed data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, the foundation pit deformation warning is specifically performed including the following steps: Step S1051, performing feature recognition on the foundation pit photographed data to obtain foundation pit feature data; Step S1052, importing historical feature data; Step S1053, performing change analysis on the foundation pit characteristic data according to the historical characteristic data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; Step S1054, when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, generating a deformation warning signal; Step S1055: Perform foundation pit deformation warning according to the deformation warning signal.

[0060] Specifically, according to the historical characteristic data, the change analysis of the foundation pit characteristic data is performed to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation. The specific steps are as follows: Foundation pit characteristic data and historical characteristic data, obtaining foundation pit characteristic values ​​and historical characteristic values, and generating a foundation pit characteristic value list and a historical characteristic value list, wherein the characteristic values ​​in the foundation pit characteristic value list correspond to the characteristic values ​​in the historical characteristic value list one by one; Set risk judgment thresholds based on the allowable range of characteristic value changes; Calculate the difference between each pair of foundation pit characteristic values ​​and historical characteristic values, take the absolute value of the difference, and obtain the absolute value of the difference; Then the absolute value of the difference is compared with the historical characteristic value to obtain the change degree value; The degree of change value is compared with the risk judgment threshold. When the degree of change value is greater than the risk judgment threshold, it means that there is a certain deformation risk. The calculation is then terminated and a deformation warning signal is generated. When the degree of change value is less than the risk judgment threshold, it means that there is no deformation risk. The next foundation pit characteristic value is then processed until all foundation pit characteristic values ​​are processed.

[0061] The present invention compares the foundation pit characteristic values ​​with the historical characteristic values, calculates the change amplitude one by one, and then compares the change amplitude with the risk judgment threshold. Finally, the change amplitude is judged based on the risk judgment threshold, and the current foundation pit deformation risk is further judged. The judgment process can keenly capture possible risk signals and ensure timely warning to ensure safety.

[0062] Furthermore, Figure 7 The application architecture diagram of the system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0063] Among them, in another preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, a BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning system includes: The BIM data acquisition unit 101 is used to determine a target monitoring pit, acquire the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and select a target monitoring drone.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present invention, the BIM data acquisition unit 101 determines the target monitoring pit that needs to be monitored and warned of deformation, obtains the target basic information of the target monitoring pit, matches the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit according to the target basic information, and determines multiple drones that are idle near the target monitoring pit, and selects the target monitoring drone from them.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 8 It shows a structural block diagram of the BIM data acquisition unit 101 in the system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the BIM data acquisition unit 101 specifically includes: A foundation pit determination module 1011 is used to determine a target monitoring foundation pit; The information acquisition module 1012 is used to acquire the target basic information of the target monitoring pit; The data matching module 1013 is used to match the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit according to the target basic information; The drone selection module 1014 is used to select a target monitoring drone.

[0067] Furthermore, the BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning system also includes: The monitoring point selection unit 102 is used to obtain the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, construct a monitoring space coordinate system, analyze the foundation pit BIM data, and select deformation monitoring points in the monitoring space coordinate system.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring point selection unit 102 obtains the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring UAV, takes the monitoring take-off position as the origin of the spatial coordinate, constructs a monitoring space coordinate system, and then constructs a monitoring space environment based on the monitoring space coordinate system. The foundation pit BIM data is imported into the monitoring space environment, and the deformation monitoring point on the upper side of the target monitoring foundation pit is selected by performing monitoring point analysis on the foundation pit BIM data.

[0069] Specifically, Fig. 9 It shows a structural block diagram of the monitoring point selection unit 102 in the system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the monitoring point selection unit 102 specifically includes: The position acquisition module 1021 is used to obtain the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring UAV; A coordinate system construction module 1022, used to construct a monitoring space coordinate system with the monitoring take-off position as the space coordinate origin; An environment construction module 1023 is used to construct a monitoring space environment based on the monitoring space coordinate system; The point selection module 1024 is used to import the foundation pit BIM data in the monitoring space environment, perform monitoring point analysis, and select deformation monitoring points.

[0071] Furthermore, the BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning system also includes: The cycle dynamic planning unit 103 is used to obtain the construction planning information and the location meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyze the construction planning information and the location meteorological information, and dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention, the period dynamic planning unit 103 obtains the construction planning information of the target monitoring pit, extracts the target pit position of the target monitoring pit from the target basic information, and then obtains the location meteorological information of the target monitoring pit according to the target pit position, analyzes the comprehensive construction planning information and location meteorological information, and dynamically plans the deformation monitoring period, so that the deformation monitoring period is related to the construction planning information and location meteorological information. The higher the construction frequency and duration, the shorter the deformation monitoring period; the greater the probability of rain, flooding, etc., the shorter the deformation monitoring period.

[0073] The deformation monitoring shooting unit 104 is used to periodically control the target monitoring UAV to perform deformation monitoring shooting of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point according to the deformation monitoring cycle, and obtain foundation pit shooting data.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present invention, the deformation monitoring shooting unit 104 periodically generates deformation monitoring instructions according to the deformation monitoring cycle, and sends the deformation monitoring instructions to the target monitoring UAV. After receiving the deformation monitoring instructions, the target monitoring UAV flies to the deformation monitoring point in accordance with the deformation monitoring instructions, performs deformation monitoring shooting of the target monitoring foundation pit, and feeds back and transmits the foundation pit shooting data, thereby obtaining the foundation pit shooting data transmitted by the target monitoring UAV.

[0075] The foundation pit deformation warning unit 105 is used to perform feature recognition and change analysis on the foundation pit photographed data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and to issue a foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present invention, the foundation pit deformation warning unit 105 obtains foundation pit feature data by performing feature recognition on the foundation pit photographed data, and imports historical feature data. According to the historical feature data, the foundation pit feature data is analyzed for changes to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and a deformation warning signal is generated when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation. At this time, a foundation pit deformation warning is performed according to the deformation warning signal.

[0077] Specifically, Fig.10 The structure block diagram of the foundation pit deformation warning unit 105 in the system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0078] Among them, in the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the foundation pit deformation warning unit 105 specifically includes: The feature recognition module 1051 is used to perform feature recognition on the foundation pit photographed data to obtain foundation pit feature data; A history import module 1052 is used to import historical feature data; A change analysis module 1053 is used to perform change analysis on the foundation pit characteristic data according to the historical characteristic data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; The signal generating module 1054 is used to generate a deformation warning signal when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; The deformation warning module 1055 is used to provide foundation pit deformation warning according to the deformation warning signal.

[0079] It should be understood that, although each step in the flow chart of each embodiment of the present invention is shown in sequence according to the indication of the arrow, these steps are not necessarily performed in sequence according to the order indicated by the arrow. Unless there is a clear explanation in this article, the execution of these steps does not have a strict order restriction, and these steps can be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in each embodiment may include a plurality of sub-steps or a plurality of stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but can be performed at different times, and the execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily performed in sequence, but can be performed in turn or alternately with at least a portion of other steps or sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0080] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0081] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0082] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method, characterized in that: The method specifically comprises the following steps: Determine a target monitoring pit, obtain the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and select a target monitoring drone; Obtaining the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system, analyzing the foundation pit BIM data, and selecting deformation monitoring points in the monitoring space coordinate system; Acquire the construction planning information and the meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyze the construction planning information and the meteorological information of the location, and dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle; According to the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically controlling the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain foundation pit photography data; Performing feature recognition and change analysis on the photographed data of the foundation pit to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and issuing a foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; The steps of determining the target monitoring pit, acquiring the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and selecting the target monitoring drone specifically include the following steps: Determine the target monitoring pit; Obtaining target basic information of the target monitoring pit; According to the target basic information, matching the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit; Select target monitoring drone; According to the target basic information, the foundation pit BIM data of the target monitoring foundation pit is matched, and the specific steps are as follows: Based on the target foundation information, the position of the foundation pit, the size of the foundation pit, the shape of the foundation pit and the depth of the foundation pit are obtained, wherein the position of the foundation pit corresponds to the size of the foundation pit one by one; Based on the foundation pit BIM data, the location, size, shape and depth of the foundation pit are obtained, and the location of the foundation pit corresponds to the size of the foundation pit one by one; The BIM data in the BIM database is preprocessed using the verification mechanism of the integrity constraint rules to obtain the preprocessed BIM data; Traverse the pre-processed BIM data in the BIM database, match the current foundation pit position with the foundation pit position based on multi-dimensional data analysis, if the two are equal, the match is successful, and the corresponding pre-processed BIM data is output; if there is a deviation between the current foundation pit position and the foundation pit position, determine whether the match is successful based on the preset tolerance range; otherwise, the match fails, and the current pre-processed BIM data is skipped, and the next pre-processed BIM data is compared; After the comparison is completed, all the output pre-processed BIM data are collected into a data list, and the matching accuracy is adjusted based on the dynamic optimization matching rules and combined with the historical matching data; Traverse all the pre-processed BIM data in the data list, use the multi-dimensional fusion matching strategy, combine the shape and depth, further match the size of the current foundation pit with the size of the foundation pit, if the two are equal, the match is successful, and the matched pre-processed BIM data is output and obtained; otherwise, the match fails, and the current pre-processed BIM data is skipped, and the next pre-processed BIM data is compared; After the comparison is completed, all successfully matched pre-processed BIM data are output.

2. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Traverse the preprocessed BIM data in the BIM database and match the current foundation pit location with the foundation pit location based on multi-dimensional data analysis. The specific steps are as follows: Extract the location coordinates of the foundation pit and the location coordinates of the current pit; The difference between the location coordinates of the foundation pit and the location coordinates of the current pit is calculated dimension by dimension to obtain the offset in dimension; Accumulate the squares of the offsets in the dimensions to get the sum of the squares of the offsets; Perform a square root operation on the sum of the squares of the offsets to obtain the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit; Set the distance tolerance range; According to the tolerance range of the distance, the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit is matched with the tolerance range of the distance; When the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit is less than or equal to the tolerance range of the distance, it is confirmed that the position information of the foundation pit foundation matches the position information of the current foundation pit successfully; when the spatial distance between the foundation pit and the current foundation pit is greater than the tolerance range of the distance, it is confirmed that the position information of the foundation pit foundation matches the position information of the current foundation pit, and the next data is processed.

3. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step of obtaining the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system, and analyzing the foundation pit BIM data, wherein selecting a deformation monitoring point in the monitoring space coordinate system specifically includes the following steps: Obtaining the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring UAV; Taking the monitoring take-off position as the spatial coordinate origin, constructing a monitoring space coordinate system; Based on the monitoring space coordinate system, construct a monitoring space environment; In the monitoring space environment, the foundation pit BIM data is imported, and monitoring point analysis is performed to select deformation monitoring points.

4. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In the monitoring space environment, the foundation pit BIM data is imported, and monitoring point analysis is performed to select deformation monitoring points. The specific steps are as follows: Extract the coordinate points of foundation pit BIM data from foundation pit BIM data; Generate reference coordinate points based on the distribution characteristics and adjacent relationships of the coordinate points of the foundation pit BIM data; For foundation pits that do not meet the preset regularity, reference coordinate points are generated through a multi-region collaborative reference point optimization mechanism, combined with regional division and weight allocation; Based on the reference coordinate point, the three components of the coordinate point of each foundation pit BIM data are recorded one by one, specifically including the abscissa of the data coordinate point, the ordinate of the data coordinate point, and the height of the data coordinate point; Decompose the reference coordinate point into three components, specifically including the abscissa of the reference coordinate point, the ordinate of the reference coordinate point, and the height of the reference coordinate point; Add the abscissa of the data coordinate point to the abscissa of the reference coordinate point to obtain the abscissa of the deformation monitoring point; Add the ordinate of the data coordinate point to the ordinate of the reference coordinate point to obtain the ordinate of the deformation monitoring point; Add the height of the data coordinate point to the height of the reference coordinate point to obtain the height of the deformation monitoring point; Based on the horizontal coordinate of the deformation monitoring point, the vertical coordinate of the deformation monitoring point and the height of the deformation monitoring point, the coordinates of the deformation monitoring point are generated to further determine the position of the deformation monitoring point, and at the same time associate the time dimension and the construction stage information.

5. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 4 is characterized in that: For foundation pits that do not meet the preset regularity, the multi-region collaborative reference point optimization mechanism is used to generate reference coordinate points in combination with regional division and weight allocation. The specific steps are as follows: Extract the coordinate points of the current foundation pit, and traverse the coordinate points of the current foundation pit one by one; Determine whether the current foundation pit is within the boundary of the current area according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the coordinate point of the current foundation pit; If it is within the boundary of the current area, the coordinate point of the current foundation pit is assigned to the current area set; Extract the coordinate points of all foundation pits in the current area set as a matrix; The horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the height of the coordinate point of the current foundation pit are weighted averaged by using the weights to obtain the coordinates of the reference point corresponding to the current foundation pit; Traverse each reference point and check whether there is an adjacent area for the current reference point; If there is an adjacent area, the coordinates of the reference point in the adjacent area are averaged with the coordinates of the current reference point to obtain the smoothed coordinates of the reference point and output them; If there is no adjacent area, the current reference point coordinates are kept unchanged and output.

6. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The obtaining of the construction planning information and the meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyzing the construction planning information and the meteorological information of the location, and dynamically planning the deformation monitoring cycle specifically include the following steps: Obtaining construction planning information of the target monitoring foundation pit; Extracting the target pit position of the target monitoring pit from the target basic information; According to the target foundation pit location, obtaining location meteorological information; The construction planning information and the meteorological information of the location are analyzed to dynamically plan a deformation monitoring cycle.

7. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The construction planning information and the location meteorological information are analyzed to dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle, specifically including the following sub-steps: When the meteorological conditions are normal and the construction phase is in a non-critical phase, the current construction phase is recorded as a non-critical phase, the current meteorological conditions are recorded as normal meteorological conditions, and the current monitoring period is set as a default monitoring period; Combine normal meteorological conditions with the meteorological information of the location to determine the corresponding precipitation threshold and wind speed threshold; Extract the current precipitation and wind speed from the meteorological information of the current location. If any one of the current precipitation and wind speed exceeds the precipitation threshold or wind speed threshold, it is judged as bad weather, and the monitoring period is shortened based on the default monitoring period to obtain a monitoring period adjusted based on the current weather. Determine the current construction phase from the current construction planning information; The current construction stage is judged based on the non-critical stage. If the current construction stage is also a non-critical stage, the monitoring period is shortened based on the default monitoring period to obtain a monitoring period adjusted based on the current construction stage. The shortest monitoring period is determined by comprehensively considering the monitoring period adjusted based on the current weather and the monitoring period adjusted based on the current construction stage, so as to realize dynamic planning of deformation monitoring period.

8. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 7 is characterized in that: According to the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically controlling the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point, and obtaining the foundation pit photography data specifically comprises the following steps: According to the deformation monitoring cycle, periodically generating deformation monitoring instructions; sending the deformation monitoring instruction to the target monitoring UAV; Control the target monitoring UAV to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point to obtain foundation pit photography data; The step of controlling the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring photography of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point and obtaining photography data of the foundation pit specifically includes the following sub-steps: The spatial coordinates of the monitoring points and the total number of monitoring points are obtained through BIM, and the Euclidean distance of the front and rear monitoring points is calculated through the spatial coordinates of the detection points. The flight path optimization strategy is calculated based on the Euclidean distance and the total number of detection points. The corresponding process has the following relationship: ； in, represents the flight path optimization strategy, represents the total number of monitoring points, Indicates The spatial coordinates of the monitoring points, Indicates The spatial coordinates of the monitoring points, Represents the flight distance weight coefficient; The shooting angle is determined by the parameters of the drone camera, and the adjustment amount of the shooting angle is determined based on the shooting angle. The angle adjustment optimization strategy is calculated based on the adjustment amount of the shooting angle and the total number of monitoring points. The corresponding relationship in the process is: ； in, represents the perspective adjustment optimization strategy, represents the perspective adjustment weight coefficient, Indicated in The shooting angle of each monitoring point, Indicated in Shooting angles of monitoring points; The total number of foundation pit deformation monitoring points is obtained, and the position coordinates of the foundation pit deformation monitoring points are obtained based on BIM. Then, the optimization strategy of the deformation monitoring points is determined by calculating the total number of foundation pit deformation monitoring points and the position coordinates of the foundation pit deformation monitoring points. The corresponding relationship in the process is: ； in, represents the optimization strategy of deformation monitoring points, represents the weight coefficient of the deformation monitoring point, Indicates Coordinates of deformation monitoring points, , and Both indicate The unique component of a deformation monitoring point, represents the deformation function of the monitoring point; Combining the flight path optimization strategy, the perspective adjustment optimization strategy and the deformation monitoring point optimization strategy, a comprehensive optimization strategy is obtained. The relationship between the corresponding processes is: ； in, represents a comprehensive optimization strategy; A comprehensive optimization strategy is used to optimize UAV deformation monitoring shooting and obtain foundation pit shooting data.

9. The method for monitoring and early warning of foundation pit deformation during construction based on BIM according to claim 8, characterized in that: The feature recognition and change analysis of the photographed data of the foundation pit to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation and to carry out foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation specifically includes the following steps: Performing feature recognition on the foundation pit photographed data to obtain foundation pit feature data; Import historical feature data; According to the historical characteristic data, performing change analysis on the foundation pit characteristic data to determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation; When there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, a deformation warning signal is generated; According to the deformation warning signal, a foundation pit deformation warning is carried out.

10. A BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that: The system applies the BIM-based construction process foundation pit deformation monitoring and early warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 above, and the system includes a BIM data acquisition unit, a monitoring point selection unit, a periodic dynamic planning unit, a deformation monitoring shooting unit and a foundation pit deformation early warning unit, wherein: A BIM data acquisition unit is used to determine a target monitoring pit, acquire the pit BIM data of the target monitoring pit, and select a target monitoring drone; A monitoring point selection unit is used to obtain the monitoring take-off position of the target monitoring drone, construct a monitoring space coordinate system, analyze the foundation pit BIM data, and select deformation monitoring points in the monitoring space coordinate system; A cycle dynamic planning unit, used to obtain the construction planning information and the location meteorological information of the target monitoring foundation pit, analyze the construction planning information and the location meteorological information, and dynamically plan the deformation monitoring cycle; A deformation monitoring shooting unit is used to periodically control the target monitoring drone to perform deformation monitoring shooting of the target monitoring foundation pit at the deformation monitoring point according to the deformation monitoring cycle, and obtain foundation pit shooting data; The foundation pit deformation warning unit is used to perform feature recognition and change analysis on the foundation pit photographed data, determine whether there is a risk of foundation pit deformation, and issue a foundation pit deformation warning when there is a risk of foundation pit deformation.

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