Vehicle cold start control system and method based on fuel heater and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle cold start control system and method based on a fuel oil heater and a medium, mainly relates to the technical field of fuel oil heaters, and aims to solve the problems that according to an existing scheme, fuel oil in a large oil tank is heated mainly through engine cooling liquid, waiting time is long, a fine filter is not heated, and a certain start failure risk exists. Comprising a main oil tank heating system, and the main oil tank heating system comprises a main oil tank and a first electric heating oil level sensor; the fuel oil heater system comprises a controller, an auxiliary oil tank, a coarse filter heater arranged in a coarse filter, an electric pump, an auxiliary oil tank oil outlet pipe connected with the electric pump and a second electric heating oil level sensor. The fine filter heating system comprises a fine filter and a fine filter heater; the controller is connected with the first electric heating oil level sensor, the second electric heating oil level sensor, the rough filtration heater, the fine filtration heater, the pipeline heater, the engine and the vehicle display instrument.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle cold start control, and in particular to a vehicle cold start control system, method and medium based on a fuel heater. Background Art

[0002] In the northern region, the temperature can drop below 0℃ in winter, and in some areas the temperature can even drop to around -30℃. Under such low temperature conditions, No. 0 diesel will wax, causing the fuel fluidity to deteriorate, making it difficult or even impossible to start the vehicle.

[0003] In order to solve the problem of fuel waxing and engine starting difficulty in high-altitude areas, the current mainstream method for heavy trucks is: obtain the ambient temperature and determine that the ambient temperature is less than the first set temperature, obtain the fuel temperature in the small fuel tank and determine that the fuel temperature in the small fuel tank is less than the first set temperature, energize the heating pipe and electrically heat the fuel in the small fuel tank, energize the fuel pump after a first set time, start the engine after a second set time, determine that the engine has started successfully, and cut off the power to the fuel pump after a third set time. Obtain the temperature of the engine's cooling water and determine whether the temperature of the engine's cooling water is greater than or equal to the set water temperature limit. When the temperature of the engine's cooling water is greater than or equal to the set water temperature limit, the heating pipe is powered off, and it relies on the engine coolant to heat the fuel in the large fuel tank, which requires a long waiting time, and the fine filter is not heated, so there is a certain risk of starting failure.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a vehicle cold start control system, method and medium based on a fuel heater to solve the problem that the existing solution mainly relies on the engine coolant to heat the fuel in the large fuel tank, the waiting time is long, and the fine filter is not heated, which has a certain risk of starting failure. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a vehicle cold start control system, method and medium based on a fuel heater to solve the problem that the existing solution mainly relies on the engine coolant to heat the fuel in the large fuel tank, the waiting time is long, and the fine filter is not heated, which has a certain risk of starting failure.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a vehicle cold start control system based on a fuel heater, the system comprising: A main tank heating system, and the main tank heating system includes: a main tank, a first electrically heated oil level sensor arranged in the main tank oil outlet pipe; wherein the main tank oil outlet pipe is connected to the coarse filter pipe in the auxiliary tank in the fuel heater system through a fuel pipeline, and the fuel pipeline is installed with a pipeline heater; the fuel heater system includes: a controller, an auxiliary tank, a coarse filter heater arranged in the coarse filter, an electric pump connected to the coarse filter pipe, an auxiliary tank oil outlet pipe connected to the electric pump, and a second electrically heated oil level sensor is arranged inside the auxiliary tank oil outlet pipe; wherein the auxiliary tank oil outlet pipe is connected to the fine filter pipe in the fine filter heating system through the fuel pipeline, and both the main tank and the auxiliary tank contain No. 0 diesel; the fine filter heating system includes: a fine filter, a fine filter heater; wherein the fine filter is connected to the engine pipeline; the engine is also connected to the auxiliary tank pipeline; the controller is respectively connected to the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the second electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, the fine filter heater, the pipeline heater, the engine, and the vehicle display instrument.

[0007] Furthermore, the first electrically heated oil level sensor includes a PTC heating plate installed in the oil outlet pipe of the main oil tank and an oil temperature sensor installed at the bottom of the PTC heating plate; the second electrically heated oil level sensor includes a PTC heating plate installed in the oil outlet pipe of the auxiliary oil tank and an oil temperature sensor installed at the bottom of the PTC heating plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the pipeline heater is composed of a resistance wire and is fixed on the fuel pipeline by winding a heat shrink tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the fine filter heater is composed of a PTC heating plate and a temperature control sensor, and covers the surface of the fine filter housing.

[0010] Furthermore, the controller is connected to the whole vehicle gateway; the whole vehicle gateway is connected to the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the second electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, the fine filter heater, the pipeline heater, the engine, and the vehicle display instrument.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application provides a vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater, which is applied to a vehicle cold start control system based on a fuel heater, and the method includes: When the controller detects a power-on signal, the engine oil temperature is obtained; When the oil temperature is less than TL, the controller turns on and heats the circuits of the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, and the fine filter heater; until the oil temperature is greater than or equal to TH, the controller disconnects the circuits of the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, and the fine filter heater; When the oil temperature is greater than or equal to TL, the controller controls the electric pump to reverse for a first time period t1, and starts the engine after receiving a user start signal; When the oil temperature is greater than or equal to T1 and less than TL, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct and heat; and controls the electric pump to reverse for the second time period t2, and then waits for the third time period, and then gives an ignition prompt through the vehicle display instrument; When the oil temperature is greater than or equal to T2 and less than T1, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct heating; the electric pump starts the preset first operating program, and after the preset first operating program is completed, after waiting for the fourth time period, the vehicle display instrument gives an ignition prompt; When the oil temperature is less than T2, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct heating; the electric pump starts the preset second operation program, and after the preset second operation program is completed, after waiting for the fifth time period, the vehicle display instrument gives an ignition prompt; After the ignition prompt is given through the vehicle display instrument, the engine start signal is obtained, and then the engine start operation is performed.

[0012] Furthermore, after executing the engine starting operation, the method also includes: detecting whether the engine speed is stable within a sixth time period; when stable, determining that the vehicle has been successfully started and the electric pump stops rotating; when unstable, the electric pump rotates for a preset seventh time period, and again detecting whether the engine speed is stable within the sixth time period; when stable, determining that the vehicle has been successfully started and the electric pump stops rotating; when unstable, the controller obtains the engine oil temperature again and enters the vehicle cold start control.

[0013] Further, the first operation program is preset as the electric pump cycles twice: reverses for the eighth time period + stops for the ninth time period; after the electric pump cycles twice, the electric pump reverses for the tenth time period; Among them, 2*(eighth time period + ninth time period) < fourth time period < 2*(eighth time period + ninth time period) + tenth time period; The second operation program is preset as follows: after waiting for the eleventh time period, the electric pump cycles three times: reverse for the eighth time period + stop for the ninth time period; reverse for the eighth time period + stop for the ninth time period; after the electric pump cycles three times, the electric pump reverses for the tenth time period; Among them, the eleventh time period + 3* (eighth time period + ninth time period) < fifth time period < eleventh time period + 3* (eighth time period + ninth time period) + tenth time period.

[0014] Furthermore, the method also includes: when the vehicle is running or turned off, the controller obtains the liquid level of the auxiliary fuel tank through the second electrically heated oil level sensor; when the liquid level is less than H1, the electric pump is controlled to rotate forward; when the liquid level = 100%, the forward rotation is stopped.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present application provides a non-volatile computer storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, which when executed implement a vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater as described above.

[0016] Those skilled in the art can understand that the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: The present application discloses a vehicle cold start control system, method and medium based on a fuel heater. The main tank and the auxiliary tank are both filled with No. 0 diesel, wherein the No. 0 diesel in the auxiliary tank is clean fuel filtered from the main tank by a coarse filter. When the car is started at low temperature, the controller controls the above heater to heat the fuel and pipelines in the main and auxiliary tanks and the fuel in the fine filter, and at the same time controls the electric pump in the auxiliary tank to reverse according to the oil temperature, so as to ensure that the No. 0 diesel has a certain fluidity, pump it into the engine fuel pipeline, provide working fuel for the engine, facilitate the engine start, and ensure the normal operation of the engine. Users can achieve normal engine start and operation in cold areas by using only No. 0 diesel, reduce the comprehensive use cost, and avoid the problem of engine flameout caused by users adding the wrong brand or not changing the oil in time during cross-regional transportation. In addition, a fine filter heating system is provided, which can heat the main tank, auxiliary tank, coarse filter, fine filter and fuel pipeline respectively, solving the problem that the existing solution mainly relies on engine coolant to heat the fuel in the large tank, the waiting time is long, and the fine filter is not heated, and there is a certain risk of starting failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Some embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a vehicle cold start control system based on a fuel heater provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Description of reference numerals: 1. Main fuel tank heating system; 11. Main fuel tank; 12. First electrically heated oil level sensor; 2. Fuel heater system; 21. Controller; 22. Auxiliary fuel tank; 23. Coarse filter; 231. Coarse filter heater; 24. Electric pump; 25. Second electrically heated oil level sensor; 3. Fine filter heating system; 31. Fine filter; 32. Fine filter heater; 4. Engine; 5. Pipeline heater; 6. Vehicle display instrument. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described below are only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and do not mean that the present disclosure can only be implemented through the preferred embodiments. The preferred embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Based on the preferred embodiments provided by the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should still fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0021] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the elements.

[0022] The technical solution proposed in the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 A vehicle cold start control system based on a fuel heater is provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the system provided in the embodiment of the present application mainly includes: A main oil tank heating system 1, and the main oil tank heating system 1 includes: a main oil tank 11, and a first electrically heated oil level sensor 12 arranged in the oil outlet pipe of the main oil tank 11 (specifically, the first electrically heated oil level sensor 12 includes a PTC heating plate installed in the oil outlet pipe of the main oil tank 11 and an oil temperature sensor installed at the bottom of the PTC heating plate).

[0024] It should be noted that the oil outlet pipe of the main fuel tank 11 is connected to the coarse filter 23 in the auxiliary fuel tank 22 in the fuel heater system 2 through the fuel pipeline, and the fuel pipeline is installed with a pipeline heater 5 (the pipeline heater 5 is composed of a resistance wire and is fixed to the fuel pipeline by winding a heat shrink tube).

[0025] The fuel heater system 2 includes: a controller 21, an auxiliary fuel tank 22, a coarse filter heater 231 arranged in the coarse filter 23, an electric pump 24 connected to the coarse filter 23 through a pipeline, an auxiliary fuel tank 22 oil outlet pipe connected to the electric pump 24, and a second electrically heated oil level sensor 25 is provided inside the auxiliary fuel tank 22 oil outlet pipe (specifically, the second electrically heated oil level sensor 25 includes a PTC heating plate installed in the auxiliary fuel tank 22 oil outlet pipe and an oil temperature sensor installed at the bottom of the PTC heating plate).

[0026] It should be noted that the oil outlet pipe of the auxiliary fuel tank 22 is connected to the fine filter 31 pipeline in the fine filter heating system 3 through the fuel pipeline, and both the main fuel tank 11 and the auxiliary fuel tank 22 contain No. 0 diesel.

[0027] The fine filter heating system 3 includes a fine filter 31 and a fine filter heater 32 .

[0028] As an example, the fine filter heater 32 is composed of a PTC heating plate and a temperature control sensor, and covers the shell surface of the fine filter 31 .

[0029] It should be noted that the fine filter 31 is connected to the engine 4 through a pipeline; the engine 4 is also connected to the auxiliary fuel tank 22 through a pipeline.

[0030] The controller 21 is respectively connected to the first electrically heated oil level sensor 12 , the second electrically heated oil level sensor 25 , the coarse filter heater 231 , the fine filter heater 32 , the pipeline heater 5 , the engine 4 , and the vehicle display instrument 6 .

[0031] As an example, the controller 21 is connected to the whole vehicle gateway; the whole vehicle gateway is connected to the first electrically heated oil level sensor 12, the second electrically heated oil level sensor 25, the coarse filter heater 231, the fine filter heater 32, the pipeline heater 5, the engine 4, and the vehicle display instrument 6.

[0032] In addition, the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method provided in the embodiment of the present application mainly includes the following steps: Step 210: When the controller detects a power-on signal, the engine oil temperature is obtained.

[0033] Step 220: When the oil temperature is less than TL, the controller turns on and heats the circuits of the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, and the fine filter heater; until the oil temperature is greater than or equal to TH, the controller disconnects the circuits of the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, and the fine filter heater.

[0034] Step 230: When the oil temperature is greater than or equal to TL, the controller controls the electric pump to reverse for a first time period t1, and starts the engine after receiving a user start signal.

[0035] It should be noted that when the oil temperature is higher than TL, the electric pump starts to reverse for t1 minute. During this period, the user can start the engine at any time and the instrument will not give an ignition prompt.

[0036] Step 240, when the oil temperature is greater than or equal to T1 and less than TL, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct heating; and controls the electric pump to reverse for the second time period t2, and then waits for the third time period before giving an ignition prompt through the vehicle display instrument.

[0037] Step 250, when the oil temperature is greater than or equal to T2 and less than T1, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct heating; the electric pump starts the preset first operating program, and after the preset first operating program is completed, after waiting for a fourth time period, an ignition prompt is given through the vehicle display instrument.

[0038] It should be noted that the preset first operating program is that the electric pump cycles twice: reverses for the eighth time period + stops for the ninth time period; this is convenient for impacting the fuel in the pipeline and is beneficial to the fuel supply; after the electric pump cycles twice, the electric pump reverses for the tenth time period; among which, 2*(eighth time period + ninth time period) < fourth time period < 2*(eighth time period + ninth time period) + tenth time period.

[0039] Step 260, when the oil temperature is less than T2, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct heating; the electric pump starts the preset second operating program, and after the preset second operating program is completed, after waiting for the fifth time period, the ignition prompt is given through the vehicle display instrument.

[0040] The preset second operation program is that after waiting for the eleventh time period (let the heater heat the fuel first), the electric pump circulates three times: reverse the eighth time period + stop the ninth time period (to facilitate the impact on the fuel in the pipeline, which is beneficial to the flow of fuel); reverse the eighth time period + stop the ninth time period; after the electric pump circulates three times, the electric pump reverses the tenth time period; among which, the eleventh time period + 3* (eighth time period + ninth time period) < fifth time period < eleventh time period + 3* (eighth time period + ninth time period) + tenth time period.

[0041] Step 270: After the ignition prompt is given through the vehicle display instrument, an engine start signal is obtained, and then the engine start operation is performed.

[0042] After performing the engine start operation, the method further includes: Check whether the engine speed is stable within the sixth time period; when it is stable, determine that the vehicle has been successfully started and the electric pump stops rotating; when it is unstable, the electric pump rotates for the preset seventh time period, and again check whether the engine speed is stable within the sixth time period; when it is stable, determine that the vehicle has been successfully started and the electric pump stops rotating; when it is unstable, the controller obtains the engine oil temperature again and enters the vehicle cold start control.

[0043] It should be noted that the preset seventh time period may be the tenth time period to the eleventh time period.

[0044] The method also includes: when the vehicle is running or turned off, the controller obtains the liquid level of the auxiliary fuel tank through the second electrically heated oil level sensor; when the liquid level is less than H1, the electric pump is controlled to rotate forward; when the liquid level = 100%, the forward rotation is stopped.

[0045] It should be noted that when the vehicle is operating normally, when the liquid level in the auxiliary tank is lower than the set liquid level H1, the electric pump rotates forward to filter the fuel in the main tank through the coarse filter and then suck it into the auxiliary tank. When the liquid level in the main tank is lower than the preset low level, the instrument alarms to remind the user to refuel. Furthermore, when the engine is turned off, the controller controls the electric pump to rotate forward to fill the auxiliary tank with fuel, ensuring that the fuel in the auxiliary tank meets the fuel requirements for the next engine start and that the fuel in the main tank and the oil pipe can flow freely.

[0046] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a non-volatile computer storage medium on which executable instructions are stored. When the executable instructions are executed, a vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater as described above is implemented.

[0047] So far, the technical solutions of the present disclosure have been described in combination with the above multiple embodiments, but it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the technical principles of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can split and combine the technical solutions in the above-mentioned various embodiments, and can also make equivalent changes or replacements to the relevant technical features. Any changes, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the technical concept and / or technical principle of the present disclosure will fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A vehicle cold start control system based on a fuel heater, characterized in that: The system comprises: A main fuel tank heating system, and the main fuel tank heating system comprises: a main fuel tank, and a first electrically heated oil level sensor arranged in an oil outlet pipe of the main fuel tank; wherein the oil outlet pipe of the main fuel tank is connected to a coarse filter pipe in an auxiliary fuel tank in a fuel heater system through a fuel pipeline, and a pipeline heater is installed in the fuel pipeline; The fuel heater system includes: a controller, an auxiliary fuel tank, a coarse filter heater arranged in a coarse filter, an electric pump connected to the coarse filter pipeline, an auxiliary fuel tank oil outlet pipe connected to the electric pump, and a second electric heating oil level sensor is arranged inside the auxiliary fuel tank oil outlet pipe; wherein, the auxiliary fuel tank oil outlet pipe is connected to the fine filter pipeline in the fine filter heating system through a fuel pipeline, and both the main fuel tank and the auxiliary fuel tank contain No. 0 diesel; The fine filter heating system includes: a fine filter and a fine filter heater; wherein the fine filter is connected to the engine pipeline; the engine is also connected to the auxiliary fuel tank pipeline; The controller is respectively connected with the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the second electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, the fine filter heater, the pipeline heater, the engine and the vehicle display instrument.

2. The vehicle cold start control system based on the fuel heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrically heated oil level sensor includes a PTC heating plate installed in the oil outlet pipe of the main oil tank and an oil temperature sensor installed at the bottom of the PTC heating plate; the second electrically heated oil level sensor includes a PTC heating plate installed in the oil outlet pipe of the auxiliary oil tank and an oil temperature sensor installed at the bottom of the PTC heating plate.

3. The vehicle cold start control system based on the fuel heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The line heater is made of resistance wire and is fixed to the fuel line by wrapping it with heat shrink tubing.

4. The vehicle cold start control system based on the fuel heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine filter heater is composed of a PTC heating plate and a temperature control sensor, and covers the surface of the fine filter housing.

5. The vehicle cold start control system based on the fuel heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is connected to the vehicle gateway; The vehicle gateway is connected to the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the second electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, the fine filter heater, the pipeline heater, the engine, and the vehicle display instrument.

6. A vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater, applied to the vehicle cold start control system based on a fuel heater as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises: When the controller detects a power-on signal, the engine oil temperature is obtained; When the oil temperature is less than TL, the controller turns on and heats the circuits of the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, and the fine filter heater; until the oil temperature is greater than or equal to TH, the controller disconnects the circuits of the first electrically heated oil level sensor, the coarse filter heater, and the fine filter heater; When the oil temperature is greater than or equal to TL, the controller controls the electric pump to reverse for a first time period t1, and starts the engine after receiving a user start signal; When the oil temperature is greater than or equal to T1 and less than TL, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct and heat; and controls the electric pump to reverse for the second time period t2, and then waits for the third time period, and then gives an ignition prompt through the vehicle display instrument; When the oil temperature is greater than or equal to T2 and less than T1, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct heating; the electric pump starts the preset first operating program, and after the preset first operating program is completed, after waiting for the fourth time period, the vehicle display instrument gives an ignition prompt; When the oil temperature is less than T2, the controller controls the second electric heating oil level sensor and the pipeline heater circuit to conduct heating; the electric pump starts the preset second operation program, and after the preset second operation program is completed, after waiting for the fifth time period, the vehicle display instrument gives an ignition prompt; After the ignition prompt is given through the vehicle display instrument, the engine start signal is obtained, and then the engine start operation is performed.

7. The vehicle cold start control method based on the fuel heater according to claim 6, characterized in that: After starting the engine, the method further includes: detecting whether the engine speed is stable within a sixth time period; When it is stable, it is determined that the vehicle has been started successfully and the electric pump has stopped rotating; When it is unstable, the electric pump rotates for a preset seventh time period and detects again whether the engine speed is stable within the sixth time period; When it is stable, it is determined that the vehicle has been started successfully and the electric pump has stopped rotating; When it is unstable, the controller obtains the engine oil temperature again and enters the vehicle cold start control.

8. The vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first run is preset to have the electric pump cycle twice: Reverse the eighth time period + stop the ninth time period; After the electric pump cycles twice, the electric pump reverses for a tenth time period; Among them, 2*(eighth time period + ninth time period) < fourth time period < 2*(eighth time period + ninth time period) + tenth time period; The second operation program is preset to cycle the electric pump three times after waiting for the eleventh time period: Reverse the eighth time period + stop the ninth time period; Reverse the eighth time period + stop the ninth time period; After the electric pump cycles three times, the electric pump reverses for a tenth time period; Among them, the eleventh time period + 3* (eighth time period + ninth time period) < fifth time period < eleventh time period + 3* (eighth time period + ninth time period) + tenth time period.

9. The vehicle cold start control method based on the fuel heater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises: When the vehicle is running or turned off, the controller obtains the liquid level of the auxiliary fuel tank through the second electrically heated fuel level sensor; When the liquid level is less than H1, the electric pump is controlled to rotate forward; when the liquid level = 100%, the forward rotation stops.

10. A non-volatile computer storage medium, characterized in that: Computer instructions are stored thereon, and when the computer instructions are executed, the vehicle cold start control method based on a fuel heater is implemented as described in any one of claims 6 to 9.

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