Underground structure joint waterproof detection device and detection method

Abstract

The underground structure joint waterproof detection device and the detection method provided by the invention can be directly and externally attached to the joint position of the outer surface structure of the underground structure for waterproof detection, and waterproof detection can be carried out at any time along with the construction progress of the underground structure without waiting until the underground structure is completely completed; moreover, the detection position is easy to adjust, and the device can be suitable for waterproof detection of underground structures with various outer surfaces in different shapes. The waterproof detection device comprises a water injection pressurization unit and a plurality of fixing units, the fixing unit is used for enabling the water injection pressurizing unit to be tightly attached to a to-be-detected structural joint on the outer surface of an underground structure; and the water injection and pressurization unit performs waterproof detection by injecting water into the structural seam and pressurizing the structural seam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a joint waterproof detection device and a detection method, in particular to an underground structure joint waterproof detection device and a detection method, and belongs to the technical field of waterproof detection. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of underground structures, it is inevitable that some structural joints such as construction joints, expansion joints and post-cast strips will be produced. Once these joints are not handled properly, they are very likely to become the main leakage points of the underground structure, which are difficult to deal with afterwards and will have a great impact on future operations.

[0003] At present, the waterproofing inspection of underground structures is generally carried out after the backfill construction of the underground structure is completed and the natural water level rises; or after the main construction of the underground structure is completed, an overall water injection test is carried out before backfilling. Finally, water leakage detection is carried out on the back side of the inner surface of the underground structure. By observing the wet stain area or dripping situation inside the structure, it is determined whether the structural waterproofing meets the acceptance standards.

[0004] In the inspection of such underground structures in the prior art, if the underground structure has basically been covered with soil and backfilled, the structural leakage can only be treated inside the underground structure, which is difficult to treat and the treatment effect is often poor; while the overall water injection test requires injecting water into the fertilizer trough of the foundation pit, and then covering the underground structure with water for water leakage detection. After the water is pumped out, the leakage point can be treated. This method has a high investment cost and needs to wait until the underground structure is fully constructed before it can be carried out. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an underground structure joint waterproof detection device, which can be directly attached to the structural joint position on the outer surface of the underground structure for waterproof detection. There is no need to wait until the underground structure is fully completed, and the waterproof detection can be performed at any time according to the progress of the underground structure construction. The detection position is easy to adjust, and it can be applicable to waterproof detection of underground structures with outer surfaces of various shapes.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: an underground structure joint waterproof detection device, comprising: a water injection pressurization unit and a plurality of fixing units;

[0007] The fixing unit is used to make the water injection and pressurization unit closely attached to the structural joint to be detected on the outer surface of the underground structure;

[0008] The water injection and pressurization unit performs waterproof detection by injecting water and pressurizing the joints of the structure.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the fixing unit comprises: a vacuum suction cup, a curved rod and an end plate;

[0010] The vacuum suction cup provides an adsorption force for connecting the waterproof detection device to the outer surface of the underground structure;

[0011] One end of the curved rod is connected to the upper end surface of the vacuum suction cup, and the other end is connected to the end plate;

[0012] The end plate is used to be connected to the water injection pressurizing unit.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the curved rod and the vacuum suction cup, and the end plate and the water injection and pressurizing unit are all detachably connected.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the water injection and pressurizing unit comprises a water injection chamber; the water injection chamber is sealed and connected to the structural joint to be detected on the outer surface of the underground structure through its lower end opening;

[0015] During the inspection, water is injected into the water injection chamber to pressurize the water injection chamber to perform a waterproof inspection on the structural joints.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: an air bag having the same contour as the opening of the water injection chamber is provided at the joint between the lower end of the water injection chamber and the outer surface of the underground structure; the air bag is in close contact with the outer surface of the underground structure after being inflated.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a small suction cup is arranged in the water injection chamber for temporary adsorption and fixation of the water injection pressurization unit to the outer surface of the underground structure.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the water injection chamber comprises: a corner column, a connecting beam and a cover plate;

[0019] The four corner columns are arranged in a rectangular shape, and adjacent corner columns are connected by connecting beams, thereby forming a rectangular frame structure; the cover plate is sealed and arranged on the upper part of the corner column and the connecting beam, and the cover plate, the corner column and the connecting beam enclose a cavity with a closed upper end and an open lower end;

[0020] An angle steel is provided on the upper surface of the cover plate to provide a connection position with the fixing unit;

[0021] The cover plate is also provided with a water inlet and an air outlet, and valves are provided on the upper parts of both.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting beam and the corner column are assembled by the cooperation of the barb and the barb connecting groove.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: when the outer surface of the underground structure is arc-shaped, the upper portion of the connecting beam is parallel to the cover plate, and the lower portion has the same arc as the outer surface of the underground structure.

[0024] In addition, based on the above detection device, the present invention also provides a method for detecting waterproof joints of underground structures, firstly placing a water injection pressurization unit at the structural joint to be detected on the outer surface of the underground structure;

[0025] Then, a plurality of the fixing units are connected to the underground structure, and the fixing units are connected to the water injection and pressurization units, so that the water injection and pressurization units are closely attached to the structural joints to be detected on the outer surface of the underground structure;

[0026] Fill the water injection and pressurizing unit with water; then load the water pressure in the water injection and pressurizing unit to the actual bearing water pressure or the specified water pressure through the water inlet and pressurizing equipment to carry out waterproof detection of the structural joints;

[0027] Observe water leakage at structural joints inside underground structures.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The underground structure joint waterproof detection device of the present invention is directly attached to the outer surface of the underground structure when in use, and a water injection and pressurization unit is used to inject water and pressurize the structure joints to perform waterproof detection; the operation steps are simple, the detection position is easy to adjust, the detection efficiency is high, and the practicability is strong; the detection device can be used to perform waterproof detection at any time as the underground structure construction progresses (generally, joint waterproof detection can be performed after the underground structure strength within the construction range meets the standard); there is no need to wait until all the main structures are completed or the underground structure is backfilled before performing waterproof detection; the water pressure in the water injection and pressurization unit can be adjusted according to the actual water pressure of the structure joints at different burial depths, and the detection method is flexible.

[0030] (2) In the underground structure joint waterproof detection device of the present invention, the fixing method of the fixing unit through the vacuum suction cup and the curved rod is flexible and can meet the waterproof detection requirements of joints of structures with various shapes, various positions and complex shapes, and has strong applicability.

[0031] (3) In the underground structure joint waterproof detection device of the present invention, the connection between the curved rod and the vacuum suction cup, and between the end plate and the water injection pressurization unit are all detachable, that is, the detection device is an assembled structure, the shape of the curved rod can be selected according to the surface shape of the detection position, and it can be assembled on site, and the use method is flexible.

[0032] (4) In the underground structure joint waterproof detection device of the present invention, an airbag with the same contour as the opening of the water injection chamber is provided at the joint between the lower end of the water injection chamber and the outer surface of the underground structure. After the airbag is inflated, it expands to a certain extent and can be closely attached to the outer surface of the underground structure, thereby achieving close attachment of the water injection pressurization unit and the underground structure to prevent the leakage of pressurized water. Since the airbag is flexible, even if there are certain unevenness on the outer surface of the underground structure, a good seal can be formed between the water injection pressurization unit and the underground structure, greatly improving the practicality of the detection device.

[0033] (5) In the underground structure joint waterproof detection device of the present invention, when the outer surface of the underground structure is arc-shaped, the upper part of the connecting beam is parallel to the cover plate, and the lower part is consistent with the curvature of the outer surface of the underground structure; the assembled solution of airbags and replaceable connecting beams can be applied to the waterproof detection of underground structures with various outer surfaces of different shapes.

[0034] (6) In the underground structure joint waterproof detection device of the present invention, a small suction cup can be provided to achieve temporary adsorption and fixation of the water injection pressurization unit and the outer surface of the underground structure, making it easy to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the waterproof detection device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a fixed unit;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the water injection and pressurization unit;

[0038] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an airbag;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the water injection and pressurization unit;

[0040] Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cover plate and components on the cover plate in a water injection and pressurization unit;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the node where the corner column and the connecting beam are connected;

[0042] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the joint waterproof detection device of the present invention.

[0043] Among them: 1-underground structure; 2-structural joint; 10-fixing unit; 11-vacuum suction cup; 12-flange; 13-bent rod; 14-end plate; 20-water injection and pressurization unit; 21-air bag; 22-corner column; 23-connecting beam; 24-bolt hole; 25-barb; 26-reserved groove; 27-cover plate; 28-handle; 29-water inlet; 30-air outlet; 31-bolt; 32-angle steel; 33-small suction cup; 34-suction cup valve; 35-cavity; 36-rubber pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] The present embodiment provides an assembled waterproof detection device for underground structure joints, which can be directly attached to the outer surface of the underground structure for waterproof detection. It has high detection efficiency and strong practicality. It can meet the waterproof detection needs of joints of structures of various shapes, various positions and complex shapes. There is no need to wait until the underground structure is fully completed. Waterproof detection can be performed at any time according to the progress of the underground structure construction.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the waterproof detection device is directly attached to the detection position (such as Figure 1 The underground structure 1 mainly includes open-cut rectangular tunnels, pipe galleries, water tunnels, basements, etc. At the same time, the detection device can be used for anti-seepage detection before the construction of underground structures such as immersed tube tunnels and shield tunnels.

[0048] The waterproof detection device includes a plurality of fixing units 10 and a water injection and pressurizing unit 20; wherein the fixing unit 10 is used to attach the waterproof detection device to the outer surface of the underground structure 1, so that the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 is located at the detection position of the outer surface of the underground structure 1; the number of the fixing units 10 is appropriately adjusted according to the site conditions; the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 is used to inject water into the position to be detected and pressurize it to a set water pressure value, and then carry out waterproof detection by observing the water leakage of the detection device inside the underground structure 1. The detection position in this example is the structural joints such as construction joints, deformation joints and post-casting strips generated during the construction of the underground structure.

[0049] As an example, four fixing units 10 are distributed in a rectangular shape around the water injection and pressurization unit 20 ; one end of the fixing unit 10 is connected to the water injection and pressurization unit 20 , and the other end is connected to the underground structure 1 .

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, the fixing unit 10 includes: a vacuum suction cup 11, a flange 12, a curved rod 13 and an end plate 14; wherein the vacuum suction cup 11 can be closely attached to the outer surface of the underground structure 1, and the vacuum suction cup 11 provides a large adsorption force by connecting a negative pressure pump (not shown in the figure), so that it can be fixed on the underground structure 1; a flange is provided on the upper end surface of the vacuum suction cup 11, which is used to connect with the flange 12 provided at one end of the curved rod 13; the curved rod 13 is generally an L-shaped rod (it can also be replaced with other structural forms according to the surface shape of the detection position), a flange 12 is provided at one end of the curved rod 13 (for connecting with the vacuum suction cup 11), and an end plate 14 is provided at the other end; the end plate 14 is used to connect with the water injection pressurization unit 20. As an example, the end plate 14 is used to be detachably connected with the water injection pressurization unit 20, such as the end plate 14 is connected to the water injection pressurization unit 20 by detachable bolts.

[0051] The position and number of the fixing units 10 can be flexibly selected according to the arrangement of the actual structural joints 2; Figure 1 As shown, when the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 is arranged at the structural joint 2 in the middle of the top plate of the underground structure 1, two fixing units 10 can be directly arranged on both sides of the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 (on both sides of the structural joint 2); and when the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 is arranged at the structural joint 2 on the top wall of the underground structure 1, due to space limitations, two of the fixing units 10 can be arranged on the upper part of the top plate of the underground structure 1, and the other two fixing units 10 can be arranged on both sides of the structural joint 2 of the side wall; at this time, the curved rods 13 in the two fixing units 10 arranged on the upper part of the top plate can use C-shaped curved rods, and the corresponding connection positions on the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 should also be adjusted according to the positions of the fixing units 10.

[0052] The water injection and pressurizing unit 20 includes a water injection chamber; the water injection chamber is sealed and connected to the surface of the detection position on the underground structure 1 (i.e., the structural joint 2); during the detection, the size of the bearing water pressure during actual operation is inferred based on the buried depth of groundwater at the structural joint 2, and finally the water pressure in the water injection chamber is loaded to the actual bearing water pressure or the specified water pressure through the water inlet and pressurizing equipment to carry out the waterproof detection of the structural joint 2.

[0053] like Figure 3 to Figure 7As shown, the water injection chamber includes: corner columns 22, connecting beams 23 and cover plates 27; four corner columns 22 are distributed in a rectangular shape, and adjacent corner columns 22 are connected by connecting beams 23, thereby forming a rectangular frame structure; the cover plate 27 is arranged on the upper part of the corner columns 22 and the connecting beams 23, and the cover plate 27 and the corner columns 22 are connected by bolts. The cover plate 27 can be made of materials such as steel plate or hard plastic. Specifically: the corner columns 22 and the connecting beams 23 are arranged at the lower part of the cover plate 27, wherein the upper part of the four corner columns 22 are all provided with bolt holes 24, which can be fixedly connected with the cover plate 27 by bolts; rubber strips are arranged between the corner columns 22, the connecting beams 23 and the cover plate 27 for sealing to prevent the leakage of pressurized water. The connecting beam 23 and the corner column 22 are quickly assembled through the barb 25 (a barb connecting groove is provided on the side of the corner column 22 at a position corresponding to the barb 25 to prevent the corner column 22 and the connecting beam 23 from being radially separated from each other in the horizontal plane along the connecting beam 23). When the cover plate 27 and the corner column 22 are connected by bolts, the connecting beam 23 and the corner column 22 can be fixed. A cavity 35 with a closed upper end and an open lower end can be formed between the cover plate 27, the corner column 22 and the connecting beam 23. When in use, the cavity 35 is located above the structural joint 2 to be tested, and the waterproof detection of the structural joint 2 to be tested is achieved by injecting water into the cavity 35 and pressurizing it.

[0054] A handle 28 is provided on the upper part of the cover plate 27 to facilitate the installation of on-site equipment and the movement of the water injection and pressurization unit 20. An angle steel 32 is provided at each of the four corners of the upper part of the cover plate 27, and is connected to the cover plate 27 by bolts 31. The angle steel 32 serves as the connection between the water injection and pressurization unit 20 and the fixed unit 10, that is, the end plate 14 on the fixed unit 10 is fixedly connected to the angle steel 32 on the cover plate 27 by bolts. The number of angle steels 32 is determined according to the number of fixed units 10 actually set, and the specific position can also be adjusted according to the actual construction needs, and it is only necessary to reserve the bolt holes 24 on the cover plate 27.

[0055] A water inlet 29 and an air outlet 30 are also provided on the cover plate 27, and valves are provided on the upper parts of both. The water inlet 29 can be connected with an external water inlet pressurizing device or a water pool. When the water inlet 29 is connected with the water pool through a connecting water pipe, the waterproof detection of the structural joint 2 under different pressures can be achieved by adjusting the water height in the water pool.

[0056] In order to ensure reliable sealing between the water injection chamber and the surface of the underground structure 1, the water injection pressurizing unit 20 further includes an air bag 21; the air bag 21 has the same structure as the cavity 35. In this example, the air bag 21 is as a whole as shown in FIG. Figure 4The rectangular airbag shown is arranged at the joint between the water injection chamber and the underground structure 1; specifically: the lower part of the corner column 22 and the connecting beam 23 are both provided with a rectangular reserved groove 26 for the installation of the airbag 21, and the airbag 21 is customized according to the spatial shape of the reserved groove 26. The airbag 21 has an arc transition at the position of the corner column 22, and expands to a certain extent after being inflated. In the reserved groove 26, its upper part and both sides are in close contact with the connecting beam 23, and its lower part is in close contact with the outer surface of the underground structure 1, so as to achieve close contact between the water injection pressurization unit 20 and the underground structure 1, and prevent the leakage of pressurized water. Since the airbag 21 is flexible, even if there are certain unevenness on the outer surface of the underground structure 1, a good seal can be formed between the water injection pressurization unit 20 and the underground structure 1, so that the practicality of the detection device is greatly improved.

[0057] In addition, rubber pads 36 are provided on the outer sides of the corner columns 22 and the lower airbags 21 of the connecting beams 23 , which can further improve the sealing effect of the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 .

[0058] In the water injection and pressurizing unit 20, the connecting beam 23 and the corner column 22 are assembled (the two are quickly assembled through the barb 25). When the outer surface of the underground structure 1 is curved and the curvature is large, and the airbag 21 cannot ensure the sealing effect of the water injection and pressurizing unit 20, the connecting beam 23 can be replaced, and a connecting beam 23 whose upper part is parallel to the cover plate 27 and whose lower part has a curvature basically consistent with the outer surface of the underground structure 1 can be selected; because it is an assembled component, multiple connecting beams 23 can be prefabricated in advance, and can be selected according to the shape of the outer surface of the underground structure 1 during actual construction.

[0059] In addition, in order to ensure the temporary fixation of the water injection and pressurization unit 20, a plurality of (such as two) small suction cups 33 are additionally arranged in the cavity 35 (the "small suction cup" here refers to a vacuum suction cup 11 that is smaller in size than the fixing unit 10), and a suction cup valve 34 connected to the small suction cup 33 is arranged at a corresponding position on the upper part of the cover plate 27. By manually adjusting the suction cup valve 34, the small suction cup 33 can be used to achieve temporary adsorption and fixation of the water injection and pressurization unit 20 and the outer surface of the underground structure 1.

[0060] The waterproof detection device adopts an assembled solution, has a compact structure, is easy to carry, is suitable for waterproof detection of underground structures in narrow spaces, and is easy to promote and apply.

[0061] Embodiment 2:

[0062] This embodiment provides a method for performing waterproof detection using the above-mentioned waterproof detection device, and the method includes the following steps:

[0063] S1, according to the shape of the outer surface of the underground structure 1, suitable components such as air bags 21, corner columns 22, connecting beams 23 and cover plates 27 are selected to complete the assembly of the water injection and pressurization unit 20 on site;

[0064] S2, move the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 to the structural joint 2, and temporarily fix the water injection and pressurizing unit 20 on the underground structure 1 through the small suction cup 33;

[0065] S3, moving the plurality of fixing units 10 to a suitable position to be adsorbed on the underground structure 1, and selecting a suitable curved rod 13 to fix the plurality of fixing units 10 and the water injection pressurizing unit 20 with bolts;

[0066] S4, inflate the airbag 21 to make the cavity 35 in a sealed state;

[0067] S5, open the air outlet 30, connect the water inlet 29 to the water inlet pressurizing device, and inject water into the cavity 35. When the cavity 35 is full of water, close the air outlet 30;

[0068] S6, according to the buried depth of groundwater at the structural joint 2, the magnitude of the bearing water pressure during actual operation is inferred, and finally the water pressure is loaded to the actual bearing water pressure or the specified water pressure through the water inlet pressurizing equipment to carry out waterproof detection of the structural joint 2;

[0069] S7, observe the water leakage at the structural joint 2 inside the underground structure 1 and make a record;

[0070] S8, close the water inlet pressurizing device, open the air outlet 30, open the valve of the airbag 21, and after the water in the cavity 35 is drained, remove the water injection pressurizing unit 20 and adjust it to the next detection position;

[0071] S9, synchronously remove the fixing unit 10 and move to the next detection position;

[0072] S10, repeat steps S4 to S9 to complete the waterproof detection of all structural joints 2.

[0073] In step S3, the position and number of the fixing units 10 are flexibly selected according to the arrangement of the actual structural joints 2, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the water injection and pressurization unit 20 is arranged on the top of the side wall of the underground structure 1, due to space limitations, two of the fixing units 10 are arranged on the upper part of the top plate, and the other two fixing units 10 are arranged on both sides of the side wall structure joint 2; at this time, the curved rods 13 in the two fixing units 10 arranged on the upper part of the top plate can be C-shaped curved rods, and the position of the angle steel 32 should also be adjusted according to the position of the fixing unit 10.

[0074] In step S6, generally, when the strength of the underground structure 1 within the construction scope meets the standard, the joint waterproofing test can be carried out, without waiting for the completion of all the main structures, or after the underground structure is backfilled with soil, the waterproofing test can be carried out; the water pressure in the water injection and pressurization unit 20 can be adjusted according to the actual water pressure of the structural joints at different burial depths, that is, when the structural joints are buried at a depth of 20m, the water pressure borne during the actual operation is 0.2Mpa, and a water pressure of 0.2Mpa can be set in the water injection and pressurization unit 20 for structural joint waterproofing detection, and the detection method is more flexible.

[0075] In step S8, when the waterproof detection area needs to be adjusted, it is only necessary to open the air outlet 30, open the valve of the airbag 21, drain the water in the cavity 35, and then remove the bolts 31 between the end plate 14 and the angle steel 32, and the water injection pressurization unit 20 can be removed and adjusted to the specified position, with high detection efficiency.

[0076] In step S10, if the outer surface shape of the underground structure 1 is significantly different from the previous one, it is necessary to repeat the steps and add steps S1 to S3 to select suitable connecting beams 23 and curved rods 13 and other components to meet the waterproof detection of structural joints 2 with different outer surface shapes or different positions.

[0077] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof detection device for underground structure joints, characterized in that: include: A water injection and pressurizing unit (20) and a plurality of fixing units (10); The fixing unit (10) is used to make the water injection and pressurizing unit (20) closely attached to the structural joint (2) to be detected on the outer surface of the underground structure (1); The water injection and pressurizing unit (20) performs waterproof testing by injecting water and pressurizing the structural joint (2).

2. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing unit (10) comprises: a vacuum suction cup (11), a curved rod (13) and an end plate (14); The vacuum suction cup (11) provides an adsorption force for connecting the waterproof detection device to the outer surface of the underground structure (1); One end of the curved rod (13) is connected to the upper end surface of the vacuum suction cup (11), and the other end is connected to the end plate (14); The end plate (14) is used to be connected to the water injection pressurizing unit (20).

3. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The curved rod (13) and the vacuum suction cup (11), as well as the end plate (14) and the water injection pressurizing unit (20) are all detachably connected.

4. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection and pressurizing unit (20) comprises a water injection chamber; the water injection chamber is sealed and connected to the structural joint (2) to be detected on the outer surface of the underground structure (1) through its lower end opening; During the inspection, water is injected into the water injection chamber to apply pressure to perform a waterproof inspection on the structural joint (2).

5. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An air bag (21) having the same contour as the opening of the water injection chamber is provided at the joint between the lower end of the water injection chamber and the outer surface of the underground structure (1); after the air bag (21) is inflated, it is in close contact with the outer surface of the underground structure (1).

6. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A small suction cup (33) is arranged in the water injection chamber for temporarily adsorbing and fixing the water injection pressurizing unit (20) to the outer surface of the underground structure (1).

7. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The water injection chamber comprises: a corner column (22), a connecting beam (23) and a cover plate (27); The four corner columns (22) are arranged in a rectangular shape, and adjacent corner columns (22) are connected by connecting beams (23), thereby forming a rectangular frame structure; a cover plate (27) is sealed and arranged on the upper part of the corner columns (22) and the connecting beam (23), and a cavity (35) with a closed upper end and an open lower end is enclosed between the cover plate (27), the corner columns (22) and the connecting beam (23); An angle steel (32) is provided on the upper surface of the cover plate (27) for providing a connection position with the fixing unit (10); The cover plate (27) is also provided with a water inlet (29) and an air outlet (30), both of which are provided with valves on their upper parts.

8. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting beam (23) and the corner column (22) are assembled by the cooperation of the barb (25) and the barb connecting groove.

9. The underground structure joint waterproof detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the outer surface of the underground structure (1) is arc-shaped, the upper portion of the connecting beam (23) is parallel to the cover plate (27), and the lower portion has the same arc as the outer surface of the underground structure (1).

10. A method for detecting waterproofness of underground structure joints, characterized in that: Using the waterproof detection device described in any one of claims 1 to 9 above, the detection method is specifically as follows: Firstly, a water injection pressurizing unit (20) is placed at a structural joint (2) to be inspected on the outer surface of the underground structure (1); Then, a plurality of the fixing units (10) are connected to the underground structure (1), and the fixing units (10) are connected to a water injection and pressurizing unit (20), so that the water injection and pressurizing unit (20) is closely attached to the structural joint (2) to be detected on the outer surface of the underground structure (1); Inject water into the water injection and pressurizing unit (20); then use a water inlet and pressurizing device to load the water pressure in the water injection and pressurizing unit (20) to an actual bearing water pressure or a specified water pressure, and conduct waterproof testing of the structural joint (2); Observe water leakage at the structural joints (2) inside the underground structure (1).

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