Tracking type photovoltaic efficient installation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tracking type photovoltaic efficient installation method, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station construction and comprises the steps of early-stage construction, photovoltaic array measurement, photovoltaic customized part prefabrication, photovoltaic customized part installation and corollary equipment installation. Firstly, a stand column, a bearing seat and a driving mechanism are manually installed on a photovoltaic pile foundation, coordinates of the bearing seat are measured, then the position of a bearing on each main shaft is calculated, all photovoltaic structures above the bearing seat are prefabricated in a customized mode with each main shaft as a unit, and a photovoltaic customized part is formed; and then the photovoltaic customized parts are sequentially hoisted to the bearing seats by using a crane and are installed and fixed, and finally other matched equipment is installed, so that the construction of the photovoltaic power station is completed. According to the invention, batch and large-scale installation of photovoltaic modules can be realized, the construction speed of a photovoltaic power station is greatly improved, the photovoltaic power station can adapt to complex and rugged terrains, meanwhile, the assembly link of the photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic supports is transferred indoors, and the working environment and safety are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station construction, and in particular to a tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic energy, as a clean energy that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy, has shown huge market potential due to its cleanliness and efficiency. The rise of this energy has promoted the rapid growth of my country's photovoltaic industry. In the installation process of photovoltaic modules, achieving automation and intelligence has become a key challenge for the development of the industry.

[0003] As more and more photovoltaic projects are deployed in remote areas such as deserts and Gobi, and the domestic photovoltaic industry expands to the Middle East and Africa, the demand for mechanized installation of photovoltaic modules is growing. The harsh environment and high labor costs in these regions have exacerbated the contradictions in the labor market and become the main obstacle to the development of the photovoltaic industry. Therefore, researching and developing efficient photovoltaic module installation technology is of vital strategic significance for enhancing the international competitiveness of the photovoltaic industry, expanding its market advantages, and occupying a leading position in technology worldwide. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tracking photovoltaic efficient installation method to solve the problems of harsh working environment, long time consumption and high cost when manually installing photovoltaic brackets and photovoltaic modules in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: a tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1, early construction of the photovoltaic power station, the early construction of the photovoltaic power station includes site leveling, photovoltaic pile foundation construction, installation of columns, bearing seats and drive mechanisms on the photovoltaic pile foundation;

[0007] Step S2, photovoltaic array measurement, the photovoltaic array measurement includes obtaining the bearing seat coordinates, calculating the column distribution spacing, and determining the optimal installation position;

[0008] Step S3, prefabrication of customized photovoltaic parts, wherein the prefabrication of customized photovoltaic parts includes assembling customized photovoltaic parts in a prefabrication factory and coding and packing them;

[0009] Step S4, installing the customized photovoltaic parts, wherein the customized photovoltaic parts installation includes using a frame-type photovoltaic container to transport the customized photovoltaic parts to the installation area, and using a crane to lift the customized photovoltaic parts onto the bearing seat and fix them;

[0010] Step S5: installing supporting equipment, including installing a combiner box, an inverter, a grounding device, and debugging a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0011] The above technical solution aims to propose a more efficient installation method for tracking photovoltaic power stations, which can realize the batch-scale installation of photovoltaic modules, greatly improve the construction speed of photovoltaic power stations, and adapt to complex and rugged terrain. At the same time, the assembly of photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic brackets can be transferred to indoors, greatly improving the working environment and safety.

[0012] In a possible embodiment, the photovoltaic customized part includes a main shaft, a plurality of photovoltaic components installed on the main shaft through purlins, at least one bearing and a bearing sleeve fixedly connected to the main shaft, a main shaft connecting clamp installed near the end of the main shaft, and a hanger fixedly connected to the purlins, the bearing is used to connect to the bearing seat, and one end of the main shaft is connected to the driving mechanism.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the assembly of the photovoltaic customized parts includes: selecting a main shaft of a corresponding model according to the position of the photovoltaic customized parts in the photovoltaic array; installing bearings and bearing sleeves on the main shaft, installing purlins on the main shaft, and installing photovoltaic components on the purlins, and leaving the photovoltaic components above the main shaft at the connection position of two adjacent photovoltaic customized parts empty; installing the main shaft connection clamp according to the main shaft model; measuring and adjusting the flatness of the photovoltaic customized parts and the installation position of each photovoltaic component; and installing the hanger.

[0014] The assembly of the photovoltaic customized parts specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] Step S30201, selecting a spindle of a corresponding model according to the position of the photovoltaic customized part in the photovoltaic array;

[0016] Step S30202, installing the bearing and the bearing sleeve on the main shaft according to the optimal installation position of the bearing;

[0017] Step S30203, installing the purlin to the corresponding position on the main shaft;

[0018] Step S30204, installing the photovoltaic modules to the corresponding positions on the purlins, and leaving the photovoltaic modules above the main axis of the connection position of two adjacent photovoltaic custom parts vacant and not installed;

[0019] Step S30205: Install the main shaft connection clamp according to the main shaft model;

[0020] Step S30206, measuring the flatness of the photovoltaic customized parts and the installation positions of each photovoltaic module to see whether they meet the accuracy requirements, and if not, adjusting them until they meet the requirements;

[0021] Step S30207: Install the hanger to complete the assembly of the customized photovoltaic parts.

[0022] In a possible implementation manner, the main shaft connection hoop includes a main shaft connection lower hoop and a main shaft connection upper hoop;

[0023] When the end of the spindle is not connected to other spindles, the end is not installed with a spindle connection clamp;

[0024] When the end of the main shaft needs to overlap with the previously installed main shaft, the main shaft connection hoop is installed on the end;

[0025] When the end of the main shaft needs to overlap with the main shaft to be installed later, the main shaft connecting lower clamp is installed on the end.

[0026] In a possible implementation, in step S4, the use of a crane to lift the photovoltaic customized component onto the bearing seat and fix it includes: lifting the photovoltaic customized component onto the bearing seat and connecting it to the previously installed structure; when lifting the photovoltaic customized component, it is necessary to first start with the photovoltaic customized component that has at least two fulcrums and can stabilize itself after being fixed, and then lift the next photovoltaic customized component connected to the photovoltaic customized component installed in the previous step in turn, until all the photovoltaic customized components in a group of photovoltaic arrays are installed.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the step of hoisting the photovoltaic customized component onto the bearing seat and connecting it to the previously installed structure includes the following situations:

[0028] Case 1: When the pre-installed structure is a driving mechanism, first control the main shaft end to dock with the driving structure and pre-fix it; then control the photovoltaic customized part on the side of the other end to make the bearing sleeve nest in the bearing seat;

[0029] Case 2: When the previously installed structure is a photovoltaic customized part, first control the main shaft being installed to overlap the lower clamp of the main shaft installed in the previous sequence, and cover the upper clamp on the main shaft being installed on the previous sequence and fix it; then control the photovoltaic customized part on the other end side so that the bearing sleeve is nested in the bearing seat.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the use of a crane to lift the photovoltaic customized component onto the bearing seat and fix it includes: using a crane to lift the photovoltaic customized component onto the bearing seat and overlap and fix it with the previously installed structure, fine-tuning the photovoltaic customized component, and fixing the bearing sleeve and the bearing seat; after all photovoltaic customized components are fixed, installing the photovoltaic components above the main shaft connection of two adjacent photovoltaic customized components.

[0031] The specific steps include:

[0032] Step S40201, fixing the sling on the sling;

[0033] Step S40202: Use a crane to lift the customized photovoltaic component horizontally, and lift it vertically to remove it from the upper end of the frame-type photovoltaic container;

[0034] Step S40203, hang the photovoltaic customized part on the inverted bearing seat and overlap and fix it with the previously installed structure;

[0035] Step S40204, dismantle the lifting device and release the lifting state;

[0036] Step S40205, fine-tune the photovoltaic customized part, and fix the bearing sleeve and the bearing seat;

[0037] Step S40206: After all the customized photovoltaic parts are fixed, install the photovoltaic components above the main shaft connection of two adjacent customized photovoltaic parts.

[0038] In a possible embodiment, the frame-type photovoltaic container includes a container frame having a slot for accommodating the main shafts at both ends of the photovoltaic customized parts, and multiple layers of unidirectional support modules are evenly arranged in the slot along the vertical direction, and the unidirectional support modules support the main shaft of the photovoltaic customized parts from the bottom.

[0039] In a possible embodiment, the unidirectional support module includes two support blocks symmetrically hinged on the container frame on both sides of the slot, a limit block fixed on the container frame below the support block, and a return spring connected between the support block and the container frame; one end of the support block is hinged on the container frame, and the other end is supported by the limit block and blocked in the slot to form a horizontal support surface, and the return spring provides an elastic force to press the support block against the limit block; when the elastic force of the return spring is overcome to lift the support block, the horizontal support surface rotates to a vertical state and releases the obstruction to the slot.

[0040] In a possible embodiment, the bearing seat includes a base and a limiting mechanism, the side of the base is provided with a mounting hole that cooperates with the column, and the upper end surface of the base is provided with a mounting hole that connects with the photovoltaic customized part; the limiting mechanism is a sleeve structure or a positioning column structure welded above the base.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention at least discloses the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. It can install photovoltaic modules in batches and on a large scale, greatly improving installation efficiency while reducing labor demand and lowering the construction cost of photovoltaic power stations;

[0043] 2. The assembly of photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic brackets is moved indoors, which greatly improves the working environment of installers, reduces the probability of installers suffering from occupational diseases, and greatly improves the safety of installation operations;

[0044] 3. Able to adapt to the transportation and installation of assembled photovoltaic power plants in complex and rugged terrains, improving the flexibility of photovoltaic power station construction;

[0045] 4. Photovoltaic prefabrication factories can produce customized photovoltaic parts 24 hours a day and store them in frame-type photovoltaic containers and yards, so that the installation of photovoltaic components is no longer a key factor restricting the construction period, which can greatly shorten the construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0047] Figure 1 A flowchart of the installation method of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is an assembly flow chart of the photovoltaic custom parts in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a flow chart for installing the photovoltaic custom parts in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the photovoltaic custom parts in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic custom-made component in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the lifting device in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frame-type photovoltaic container in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0055] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the main shaft connection in the present invention;

[0056] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the bearing seat and the bearing sleeve in the present invention;

[0057] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the hoisting of the internal photovoltaic customized parts in the present invention;

[0058] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the hoisting of the external photovoltaic customized parts in the present invention.

[0059] In the figure: 1. photovoltaic pile foundation; 101. first pile foundation; 102. second pile foundation; 2. column; 3. bearing seat; 301. base; 302. limit mechanism; 4. driving mechanism; 5. photovoltaic customized parts; 51. internal photovoltaic customized parts; 52. external photovoltaic customized parts; 501. main shaft; 502. bearing; 503. bearing sleeve; 504. purlin; 505. photovoltaic module; 506. main shaft connecting clamp; 50601. main shaft connecting upper clamp; 50602. main shaft connecting lower clamp; 507. sling; 6. frame-type photovoltaic container; 601. container frame; 602. one-way support module; 60201. support block; 60202. limit block; 60203. reset spring; 7. crane; 8. sling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. For ease of description, the interior described below refers to the direction from the described structure to the second pile foundation 102; the exterior refers to the direction from the described structure back to the second pile foundation 102; the top refers to the direction from the ground vertically to the sky; and the bottom refers to the direction from the sky vertically to the ground.

[0062] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a tracking photovoltaic efficient installation method to solve the problems of harsh working environment, long time consumption and high cost when manually installing photovoltaic brackets and photovoltaic modules 505 in the prior art. The method includes the following steps:

[0063] S1, the early construction stage of photovoltaic power station;

[0064] S2, photovoltaic array measurement stage;

[0065] S3, photovoltaic custom parts 5 prefabrication stage;

[0066] S4, photovoltaic custom parts 5 installation stage;

[0067] S5: Supporting equipment installation phase.

[0068] In step S1 of this embodiment, the early construction stage of the photovoltaic power station includes photovoltaic site construction and structural component installation. Specifically:

[0069] S101, Photovoltaic site construction

[0070] Reference Fig.11 , Fig.12 As shown, the photovoltaic site is leveled and the photovoltaic pile foundation 1 is constructed; in this embodiment, the material of the photovoltaic pile foundation 1 is PHC pipe pile, the pipe pile diameter is 300mm, and the pipe pile spacing is 6.7 meters; a single group of photovoltaic arrays has a total of 5 pipe piles and is arranged with a second pile foundation 102 as the center and two first pile foundations 101 symmetrically distributed on both sides. Since the entire photovoltaic array structure is symmetrically distributed with the second pile foundation 102, the following text uses the half photovoltaic array with the second pile foundation 102 as the dividing line as an illustration. For the convenience of expression, the photovoltaic customized part 5 in which one end of the main shaft 501 is connected to the driving mechanism 4 and the other end is connected to another main shaft 501 is called an internal photovoltaic customized part 51 (the side close to the second pile foundation 102 is the inside), and the photovoltaic customized part 5 in which one end of the main shaft 501 is suspended in the air and the other end is connected to another main shaft 501 is called an external photovoltaic customized part 52 (the side away from the second pile foundation 102 is the outside), as shown in detail. Figure 4 shown.

[0071] S102, Structural parts installation

[0072] The column 2, the bearing seat 3 and the driving mechanism 4 are manually installed on the photovoltaic pile foundation 1, and the bearing seat 3 is adjusted and aligned during installation. The bearing seat 3 includes a base 301 and a limiting mechanism 302; the base 301 has a mounting hole on the side and can be fixed to the column 2 by bolts, and a mounting hole on the upper end surface can be fixed to the bearing sleeve 503 by bolts; the limiting mechanism 302 is a tubular structure and the lower end is welded above the base 301; the limiting mechanism 302 can constrain the plane movement of the bearing sleeve 503 on the upper end surface of the bearing seat 3, and can use a rectangular sleeve structure fixed above the base 301 and with an internal cross-section that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, or a limiting hole or other structure.

[0073] Reference Fig.10 As shown, in this embodiment, the limiting mechanism 302 uses two C-shaped steels welded on the upper end surface of the base 301, and the inner distance between the two C-shaped steels is slightly larger than the length of the lower end surface of the bearing sleeve 503, and the width is larger than the width of the bearing sleeve 503; at the same time, the upper end surface of the limiting mechanism 302 is a trumpet shape, and a waist hole is opened on the base 301 to facilitate the alignment and front and rear adjustment of the bearing sleeve 503.

[0074] Reference Fig.10 As shown, in some possible embodiments, a positioning column may be provided on the bearing sleeve 503, and a positioning hole may be provided on the bearing seat 3 (or a positioning hole may be provided on the bearing sleeve 503, and a positioning column may be provided on the bearing seat 3), so as to realize the limiting effect during the lifting process of the photovoltaic customized part 5.

[0075] Reference Fig.11 , Fig.12 As shown, in this embodiment, due to the existence of construction errors, the photovoltaic pile foundation 1 will be misaligned, skewed, and uneven, which is not conducive to the accurate installation of the photovoltaic customized parts 5. Therefore, the column 2, bearing seat 3 and drive mechanism 4 are still installed manually. During installation, the installed bearing seats 3 should be controlled to be on the same straight line and meet the relevant acceptance specifications of the photovoltaic power station. During on-site implementation, the bearing seats 3 at both ends can be installed first, and the axis position can be determined by pulling a line between the two bearing seats 3, and then the remaining three bearing seats 3 can be installed and the axis can be controlled on the pulling line.

[0076] In step S2 of this embodiment, the photovoltaic array measurement phase includes obtaining coordinates and calculating the installation position. Specifically:

[0077] S201, obtain coordinates

[0078] Obtain the center coordinates of the upper end surfaces of all bearing seats 3 by manual measurement or drone measurement to form a coordinate matrix of the bearing seats 3;

[0079] In this embodiment, manual measurement is adopted, with the center point of the upper end surface of the bearing seat 3 at one end as the starting point, and the distance from the center point of the upper end surface of other bearing seats 3 in the same group of photovoltaic arrays to the starting point is measured, so as to obtain the spacing between each bearing seat 3.

[0080] S202, calculate installation position

[0081] According to the coordinate matrix of the bearing seat 3, the distribution spacing of each column 2 in each photovoltaic array is calculated to obtain the optimal installation position of the bearing 502 of each photovoltaic array;

[0082] In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 4 on the second pile foundation 102 is taken as the origin, and the axial position of each bearing 502 on the corresponding main shaft 501 is calculated in combination with the measured spacing between each bearing seat 3 and the designed position of each bearing 502 .

[0083] In step S3 of this embodiment, the prefabrication stage of the customized photovoltaic parts 5 includes setting up a prefabrication factory, assembling the customized photovoltaic parts 5, and packing and transporting them. Specifically:

[0084] S301. Set up a prefabrication factory

[0085] A photovoltaic prefabrication factory is arranged near the photovoltaic installation site; in this embodiment, the photovoltaic installation site is an active sand dune terrain, and the temperature is high and dry in summer, so the photovoltaic prefabrication factory is arranged in a flat and conveniently located location near the photovoltaic installation site. Air conditioning is installed in the photovoltaic prefabrication factory to improve the working environment of personnel.

[0086] S302, assembling photovoltaic customized parts 5

[0087] In the photovoltaic prefabrication factory, the photovoltaic customized parts 5 are assembled and coded using manual or automated installation methods according to the optimal installation position of the bearing 502;

[0088] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic customized part 5 includes a main shaft 501, a bearing 502, a bearing sleeve 503, a purlin 504, a photovoltaic module 505, a main shaft connecting clamp 506, a hanger 507 and other photovoltaic power station structures located above the bearing seat 3.

[0089] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the assembly of the photovoltaic custom part 5 includes the following steps:

[0090] S30201, selecting a main shaft 501 of a corresponding model according to the position of the photovoltaic customized component 5 in the photovoltaic array;

[0091] In this embodiment, if the photovoltaic customized component 5 is an internal photovoltaic customized component 51, the selected main shaft 501 should be a structure in which one end is connected to the driving mechanism 4 and the other end is connected to another main shaft 501; if the photovoltaic customized component 5 is an external photovoltaic customized component 52, the selected main shaft 501 should be a structure in which one end is connected to another main shaft 501 and the other end is suspended.

[0092] S30202, installing the bearing 502 and the bearing sleeve 503 on the main shaft 501 according to the optimal installation position of the bearing 502;

[0093] S30203, installing the purlin 504 to the corresponding position on the main shaft 501;

[0094] S30204, installing the photovoltaic modules 505 to the corresponding positions on the purlins 504, and leaving the photovoltaic modules 505 above the connection of the main shaft 501 vacant and not installed;

[0095] S30205. Install the spindle connection clamp 506 according to the model of the spindle 501. There are three situations:

[0096] Condition 1: When the end of the main shaft 501 is not connected to another main shaft 501, the main shaft connecting clamp 506 is not installed on the end;

[0097] Condition 2: When the end of the main shaft 501 needs to overlap with the main shaft 501 installed previously, the main shaft connection clamp 50601 is installed on the end;

[0098] Condition three: when the end of the main shaft 501 needs to overlap with the main shaft 501 to be installed later, the main shaft connecting lower clamp 50602 is installed on the end.

[0099] Reference Fig. 9As shown, in this embodiment, since the internal photovoltaic customized component 51 is installed first, the internal end of the main shaft 501 of the internal photovoltaic customized component 51 is not installed with the main shaft connecting clamp 506, and the external end is installed with the main shaft connecting lower clamp 50602. For the external photovoltaic customized component 52, the internal end of its main shaft 501 is installed with the main shaft connecting upper clamp 50601, and the external end is not installed with the main shaft connecting clamp 506.

[0100] In some possible embodiments, there is a photovoltaic custom part 5 in which both ends of the main shaft 501 are connected to other main shafts 501. Under the condition that the internal photovoltaic custom part 51 is installed first, the internal end of the main shaft 501 is installed with the main shaft connection upper clamp 50601, and the external end is installed with the main shaft connection lower clamp 50602. In other possible embodiments, there is a situation in which one end of the main shaft 501 is connected to the driving mechanism 4 and the other end is suspended. In this case, the main shaft connection clamp 506 is not installed at both ends of the main shaft 501.

[0101] S30206, measuring the flatness of the photovoltaic customized part 5 and the installation position of each component to see whether they meet the accuracy requirements, and if not, adjusting them until they meet the accuracy requirements;

[0102] S30207, install the hanger 507. The hanger 507 can be in the form of a lifting ear or a lifting beam. The hanger 507 is fixed on the purlins 504 at both ends of the photovoltaic customized part 5. The existing photovoltaic component 505 mounting holes of the purlins 504 are used to achieve bolt connection with the purlins 504. The position of the hanging point is determined according to the position of the photovoltaic component 505 mounting holes of the purlins 504. It is necessary to ensure that the photovoltaic customized part 5 can be stably hoisted.

[0103] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, two bolt holes for installing photovoltaic modules 505 are opened on each side of each purlin 504, and the bolt holes are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the main shaft 501. Therefore, by using the spare bolt holes on the purlins 504 at both ends of the photovoltaic customized part 5, a total of four hanging points are set, and the hanging points are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the main shaft 501 and the center line of the photovoltaic module 505 array, which can ensure the stability of the photovoltaic customized part 5 during hoisting. At the same time, in order to prevent the photovoltaic module 505 from being scratched during the hoisting process, the hoisting device 507 is set in the form of an increased lifting ear to ensure that the hoisting position is higher than the photovoltaic module 505.

[0104] S303, Packing and transportation

[0105] Each photovoltaic customized part 5 is loaded into a frame-type photovoltaic container 6 and moved to the photovoltaic customized part 5 yard; the frame-type photovoltaic container 6 includes a container frame 601 and a one-way support module 602; the one-way support module 602 is arranged at both side ends of the container frame 601 to support the main shaft 501, and its position is determined according to the placement position of the main shaft 501 in the frame-type photovoltaic container 6. The one-way support module 602 can be arranged in multiple layers according to the allowable size requirements of the crane 7. The one-way support module 602 includes a support block 60201, a limit block 60202 and a return spring 60203; the support block 60201 is installed on the container frame 601 through a bearing 502, the limit block 60202 is fixed on the container frame 601, and both ends of the return spring 60203 are respectively connected to the support block 60201 and the container frame 601; the position of the limit block 60202 needs to ensure that it can support the support block 60201 in a horizontal posture, and the fixed positions of both ends of the return spring 60203 need to ensure that the support block 60201 in an inclined posture can be pulled back.

[0106] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the specification of the photovoltaic module 505 of each photovoltaic customized part 5 is 1×6, and there is a vacant space for a photovoltaic module 505 at the connection of the main shaft 501. Therefore, the length of each photovoltaic customized part 5 is about 7.6 meters and the width is about 2.3 meters. Therefore, the one-way support module 602 is provided with 4 layers, and 2 photovoltaic customized parts 5 are placed on each layer, and the height difference between the layers is 0.4 meters. Each one-way support module 602 is provided with 2 curved arm-shaped support blocks 60201 for supporting the photovoltaic customized part 5, and 2 limit blocks 60202 are respectively provided at the lower side of the support block 60201 to provide a supporting reaction force, and 2 reset springs 60203 tighten the support block 60201 from the lower side. When loading the photovoltaic customized part 5, the photovoltaic customized part 5 is lifted upward from the bottom end of the frame photovoltaic container 6, and loaded in sequence from the top layer downward; when hoisting the photovoltaic customized part 5, the photovoltaic customized part 5 is lifted upward from the top end of the frame photovoltaic container 6, and removed in sequence from the top layer downward.

[0107] In step S4 of this embodiment, the installation phase of the customized photovoltaic component 5 includes hoisting the container, hoisting the customized photovoltaic component 5, fixing and adjusting. Specifically:

[0108] S401, Lifting Containers

[0109] The frame-type photovoltaic container 6 loaded with the photovoltaic customized parts 5 is hoisted from the photovoltaic customized parts 5 yard to the photovoltaic array installation area by a crane 7; the travel mode of the crane 7 can be flexibly selected according to the conditions of the construction site, and can be wheeled or crawler-type; when the photovoltaic customized parts 5 are short, a truck crane can be used for installation; when the photovoltaic customized parts 5 are long, a flatbed truck can be used to transport the photovoltaic customized parts 5 and a truck crane can be used for hoisting operations. In this embodiment, a wheeled truck crane is used for hoisting operations.

[0110] S402, hoisting photovoltaic customized parts 5

[0111] Use a crane 7 to hoist each photovoltaic customized part 5 onto the corresponding bearing seat 3 according to the code and fix it. The hoisting of the photovoltaic customized parts 5 is sequential, and it is necessary to start with the photovoltaic customized parts 5 that have at least two fulcrums and can stabilize themselves after being fixed; then hoist the photovoltaic customized parts 5 connected to the photovoltaic customized parts 5 installed in the previous step in turn until all the photovoltaic customized parts 5 in a group of arrays are installed.

[0112] Reference Fig.11 , Fig.12 As shown, in this embodiment, the driving mechanism 4 is a structure that has been installed before the photovoltaic customized component 5 is hoisted, so during installation, the internal photovoltaic customized component 51 is installed and fixed first, and then the external photovoltaic customized component 52 is installed and fixed to ensure that each photovoltaic customized component 5 can remain stable after the hoisting is released.

[0113] The installation of each photovoltaic custom component 5 includes the following steps:

[0114] S40201, fix the sling 8 on the sling 507; in this embodiment, a sling 8 with four lifting points is used to implement the lifting operation; the sling 8 can be a steel wire rope or a flat lifting belt.

[0115] S40202, using a crane 7 to lift the customized photovoltaic component 5 horizontally, and then lift it vertically to make the customized photovoltaic component 5 come out from the upper end of the frame-type photovoltaic container 6;

[0116] S40203, hoist the photovoltaic customized part 5 onto the bearing seat 3 and overlap and fix it with the previously installed structure, including the following two situations:

[0117] Case 1: When the previously installed structure is a driving mechanism 4, first control the end of the main shaft 501 to dock with the driving structure 4 and simply fix it with bolts or pins; then control the photovoltaic customized part 5 at the side of the other end to make the bearing sleeve 503 nest in the bearing seat 3;

[0118] Case 2: When the previously installed structure is a photovoltaic customized part 5, first control the main shaft 501 being installed to overlap the previously installed main shaft connection lower clamp 50602, and cover the connecting upper clamp on the main shaft 501 being installed on the previously installed main shaft 501 and fix it, and simply fix it with bolts or pins after aligning the installation holes; then control the photovoltaic customized part 5 at the other end side so that the bearing sleeve 503 is nested in the bearing seat 3;

[0119] Reference Fig. 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the internal photovoltaic customized component 51 meets the condition one, and the external photovoltaic customized component 52 meets the condition two; when hoisting and aligning, whether it is the connection between the main shaft 501 of the internal photovoltaic customized component 51 and the driving mechanism 4, or the connection between the main shaft 501 between the external photovoltaic customized component 52 and the internal photovoltaic customized component 51, they are first simply fixed with bolts without tightening, so as to reserve space for subsequent adjustments.

[0120] S40204, dismantle the lifting device 507 and release the lifting state;

[0121] S40205, fine-tune the photovoltaic customized part 5, and fix the connection between the bearing sleeve 503 and the bearing seat 3;

[0122] S40206, after all the photovoltaic custom parts 5 are fixed, install the photovoltaic components 505 above the connection of the main shaft 501. In this embodiment, each photovoltaic array needs to manually install 2 photovoltaic components 505.

[0123] In step S5 of this embodiment, the supporting equipment installation phase includes installing supporting equipment and system debugging. Specifically:

[0124] S501. Install supporting equipment

[0125] Install combiner boxes, inverters, grounding equipment, etc.;

[0126] S502, system debugging

[0127] Debug the photovoltaic power generation system and complete the construction.

[0128] The details not described in detail in the present invention are all conventional technical means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0129] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0130] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method, characterized in that: include: Step S1, early construction of a photovoltaic power station, the early construction of the photovoltaic power station includes site leveling, construction of a photovoltaic pile foundation (1), installation of a column (2), a bearing seat (3) and a driving mechanism (4) on the photovoltaic pile foundation (1); Step S2, photovoltaic array measurement, the photovoltaic array measurement includes obtaining the coordinates of the bearing seat (3), calculating the distribution spacing of the columns (2), and determining the optimal installation position; Step S3, prefabrication of the photovoltaic customized parts (5), wherein the prefabrication of the photovoltaic customized parts (5) includes assembling the photovoltaic customized parts (5) in a prefabrication factory and coding and packaging them; Step S4, installing the customized photovoltaic component (5), wherein the customized photovoltaic component (5) is installed by using a frame-type photovoltaic container (6) to transport the customized photovoltaic component (5) to the installation area, and using a crane (7) to hoist the customized photovoltaic component (5) onto the bearing seat (3) and fix it; Step S5: installing supporting equipment, including installing a combiner box, an inverter, a grounding device, and debugging a photovoltaic power generation system.

2. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic custom component (5) includes a main shaft (501), a plurality of photovoltaic modules (505) mounted on the main shaft (501) through purlins (504), at least one bearing (502) and a bearing sleeve (503) fixedly connected to the main shaft (501), a main shaft connecting clamp (506) installed near the end of the main shaft (501), and a hanger (507) fixedly connected to the purlin (504), wherein the bearing (502) is used to be connected to the bearing seat (3), and one end of the main shaft (501) is connected to the driving mechanism (4).

3. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The assembly of the photovoltaic customized component (5) includes: selecting a main shaft (501) of a corresponding model according to the position of the photovoltaic customized component (5) in the photovoltaic array; installing a bearing (502) and a bearing sleeve (503) on the main shaft (501), installing a purlin (504) on the main shaft (501), and installing a photovoltaic module (505) on the purlin (504), and the photovoltaic module (505) above the main shaft (501) at the connection position of two adjacent photovoltaic customized components (5) is left vacant and not installed; installing a main shaft connection clamp (506) according to the model of the main shaft (501); measuring and adjusting the flatness of the photovoltaic customized component (5) and the installation position of each photovoltaic module (505); and installing a hanger (507).

4. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The main shaft connection hoop (506) comprises a main shaft connection lower hoop (50602) and a main shaft connection upper hoop (50601); When the end of the main shaft (501) is not connected to another main shaft (501), the main shaft connecting hoop (506) is not installed on the end; When the end of the main shaft (501) needs to overlap with the main shaft (501) installed previously, the main shaft is connected to the upper clamp (50601) at the end; When the end of the main shaft (501) needs to overlap with the main shaft (501) to be installed later, the main shaft connecting lower clamp (50602) is installed on the end.

5. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, the use of a crane (7) to lift the photovoltaic customized component (5) onto the bearing seat (3) and fix it includes: lifting the photovoltaic customized component (5) onto the bearing seat (3) and connecting it to the previously installed structure; when lifting the photovoltaic customized component (5), it is necessary to first start lifting from a photovoltaic customized component (5) that has at least two fulcrums and can stabilize itself after being fixed, and then lift the next photovoltaic customized component (5) connected to the photovoltaic customized component (5) installed in the previous step in turn, until all the photovoltaic customized components (5) in a group of photovoltaic arrays are installed.

6. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The photovoltaic customized component (5) is hoisted onto the bearing seat (3) and connected to the previously installed structure, including the following situations: Case 1: When the pre-installed structure is the driving mechanism (4), the end of the main shaft (501) is first controlled to dock with the driving structure and pre-fixed; then the photovoltaic customized part (5) is controlled on the side of the other end to make the bearing sleeve (503) nest in the bearing seat (3); Case 2: When the previously installed structure is a photovoltaic customized part (5), first control the main shaft (501) being installed to overlap the previously installed main shaft connecting lower clamp (50602), and the connecting upper clamp on the main shaft (501) being installed is covered on the previously installed main shaft (501) and fixed; then control the photovoltaic customized part (5) on the other end side so that the bearing sleeve (503) is nested in the bearing seat (3).

7. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of using a crane (7) to lift and fix the photovoltaic customized component (5) onto the bearing seat (3) includes: using the crane (7) to lift the photovoltaic customized component (5) onto the bearing seat (3) and overlap and fix it with the previously installed structure, fine-tuning the photovoltaic customized component (5), and fixing the bearing sleeve (503) and the bearing seat (3); after all the photovoltaic customized components (5) are fixed, installing the photovoltaic assembly (505) above the connection between the main shafts (501) of two adjacent photovoltaic customized components (5).

8. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame-type photovoltaic container (6) includes a container frame (601), wherein the container frame (601) has a slot for accommodating the main shafts (501) at both ends of the photovoltaic customized component (5) to be inserted, and multiple layers of unidirectional support modules (602) are evenly arranged in the slot along the vertical direction, and the unidirectional support modules (602) support the main shafts (501) of the photovoltaic customized component (5) from the bottom.

9. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The one-way support module (602) comprises two support blocks (60201) symmetrically hinged on the container frame (601) on both sides of the slot, a limit block (60202) fixed on the container frame (601) below the support block (60201), and a return spring (60203) connected between the support block (60201) and the container frame (601); one end of the support block (60201) is hinged on the container frame (601), and the other end is supported by the limit block (60202) to block the slot to form a horizontal support surface, and the return spring (60203) provides an elastic force to press the support block (60201) against the limit block (60202); when the support block (60201) is lifted by overcoming the elastic force of the return spring (60203), the horizontal support surface rotates to a vertical state and releases the obstruction to the slot.

10. The tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing seat (3) comprises a base (301) and a limiting mechanism (302); a mounting hole matching the column (2) is provided on the side of the base (301); a mounting hole connected to the photovoltaic customized part (5) is provided on the upper end surface of the base (301); and the limiting mechanism (302) is a sleeve structure or a positioning column structure welded on the top of the base (301).

Images