Prefabricated sleeper of railway ballast track and automatic sleeper replacing device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a sleeper of a railway ballast track and an automatic sleeper replacing device and method, and belongs to the field of track maintenance equipment. The prefabricated sleeper integrates a sleeper body and a fastener composed of a gauge stop block, an elastic strip, an elastic base plate, a spike and a nut. The automatic sleeper replacing device comprises a hydraulic mechanical arm, a fastener mounting assembly, a sleeper clamping hand, a laser ranging radar, a ballast raking plate, walking wheels and a rotating mechanism. A laser ranging radar is arranged at the foremost end of the hydraulic mechanical arm and at the end, close to the control room, over the rail, and a ballast raking plate is arranged below the laser ranging radar; the sleeper clamping hand and the fastener mounting assembly are symmetrically arranged at the end, far away from the control room, over the rail, and the assembly plays a role in unscrewing nuts of the prefabricated sleeper, translating the elastic strip to the rail and tightening the nuts of the prefabricated sleeper again. The safety of operators is guaranteed, the sleeper replacing efficiency is improved, and manpower and material resources are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of track maintenance equipment, and in particular relates to a prefabricated sleeper for a railway ballasted track and an automatic sleeper changing device and method. Background Art

[0002] As a railway form commonly used in domestic and foreign railways, ballasted track is an irreplaceable track structure. The sleepers of ballasted track are arranged in parallel and placed on the gravel roadbed. They are connected to the upper rails through a fastener system, which plays a role in maintaining the track gauge and transferring the train load to the lower infrastructure. The good service state of the sleepers is crucial for maintaining the track geometry and transferring the train load. With the continuous increase in transportation demand, the axle weight and speed of vehicles are constantly increasing. The sleepers originally laid on the rail lines are difficult to meet higher load requirements. Under the repeated action of train loads, a lot of peeling and falling blocks occur on the surface of the sleepers, and even serious failure phenomena such as sleeper crushing occur. The ability of failed sleepers to fix the rails and disperse the train load is reduced, which may aggravate the deterioration of the roadbed at the least, and cause track unevenness at the worst, seriously endangering driving safety. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the sleepers in time according to the total weight and the development of sleeper damage. However, due to transportation needs, the construction work window time is extremely limited. How to carry out sleeper replacement operations efficiently and safely is crucial to improving the level of line maintenance.

[0003] In the existing technology, the railway site mainly uses continuous large-scale sleeper changing trains and small and medium-sized sleeper changing machines to carry out sleeper changing work on ballasted tracks. However, the deployment of large-scale sleeper changing machines requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and the cycle is long, which is costly for small maintenance operations; therefore, small and medium-sized sleeper changing machines are mostly used for daily on-site maintenance operations.

[0004] The sleeper replacement operation of small and medium-sized sleeper replacement machines is completed by machines in cooperation with manual labor. The specific process is as follows: before the operation, the sleeper installation position is manually marked; during the operation, the driver operates the sleeper replacement machine to pull out the sleepers. After the sleepers are in place, two operators under the car cooperate to install fasteners, spring bars, insert elastic pads, tighten screws, etc. In this sleeper replacement mode, the 4-hour operation length of a single day window is only about 1km, and the number of workers in a single section can reach hundreds. The sleeper replacement efficiency is low and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources; in addition, due to the cross-operation of man and machine during the operation, it is very easy to cause accidents such as human-machine collision and hand pinching on the rails, which poses a great safety hazard; in addition, on-site sleeper replacement uses some manual work, but manual work is mostly based on experience, it is difficult to accurately control the sleeper replacement position, and the operation accuracy is poor. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a prefabricated sleeper rail and an automated sleeper changing device and method for ballasted railway tracks, and to optimize the design of small and medium-sized sleeper changing machines, so as to realize the automation and reduction of manpower in the operation process, reduce various risks and hidden dangers caused by the intersection of man and machine, and thereby improve the efficiency of sleeper changing, ensure the quality of sleeper changing, and ensure the safety of construction personnel.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a prefabricated sleeper for a ballasted railway track, the prefabricated sleeper comprising: a sleeper body 17 and two sets of fasteners, each set of fasteners comprising a pair of gauge blocks 15, a pair of spring bars 16, an elastic pad 18, a pair of spikes 19 and a pair of nuts 20; wherein,

[0008] The sleeper body 17 is symmetrically provided with two rail bearing grooves at positions corresponding to the rails, and a set of fasteners is symmetrically installed on each rail bearing groove; an elastic pad 18 is provided in the middle of the groove bottom of each rail bearing groove; a pair of gauge blocks 15 are symmetrically provided at the two edges of the groove bottom, and an elastic bar 16 is provided on the upper side of the gauge block 15; a hole is opened in the middle of the gauge block 15; spikes 19 and nuts 20 are symmetrically provided in the hole, and the spikes 19 pass through the elastic bar 16, and the nuts 20 are provided on the upper side of the elastic bar 16 to press the elastic bar 16 onto the gauge block 15;

[0009] The prefabricated sleeper rail, the spring bar 16 is in the first position, at this time, the edge of the gauge stopper 15 is flush with the edge of the spring bar 16, and is flush with the edge of the rail 6 to be installed, so as to ensure that the pre-installed fastener does not affect the smooth entry of the rail into the rail bearing groove during the sleeper replacement process; the pre-installed nut 20 is tightened and presses the spring bar 16, so that the spring bar 16 is fixed in the first position, that is, fixed on the gauge stopper 15.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the prefabricated sleeper rail is installed, after the nut 20 is loosened and the pressure on the spring bar 16 is released, the spring bar 16 has a predetermined degree of activity and can be translated toward the rail 6 as a whole along the spring bar groove clamping the spike 19 as the center;

[0011] After the spring bar 16 is subjected to the elastic force applied by the fastener installation assembly 8, the spring bar 16 moves to the second position, at which time the edge of the spring bar 16 is offset from the edge of the gauge block 15, and the end of the spring bar 16 near the elastic gasket presses the edge of the rail 6;

[0012] After the nut is tightened again, the nut presses the spring bar 16 and is fixed at the second position, that is, fixed on the rail 6 and the gauge stopper 15 at the same time.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an automatic sleeper changing device for a railway ballasted track, wherein the automatic sleeper changing device is used to replace the prefabricated sleepers as described above;

[0014] The device includes a control room 7, a hydraulic mechanical arm 12, a fastener installation assembly 8, a rail sleeper clamping hand 9, a laser ranging radar 10, a ballast plate 11, a running wheel 13 and a rotating mechanism 14; wherein,

[0015] A running wheel 13 and a rotating mechanism 14 are arranged at the lower end of the control room; at the front end of the hydraulic mechanical arm 12, a laser ranging radar 10 is arranged near the control room end just above the symmetrical center of the rail 6, and a ballast plate 11 is arranged below the laser ranging radar 10; and a rail sleeper clamping hand 9 and a fastener installation assembly 8 are symmetrically arranged at the far end of the control room just above the rail.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fastener installation assembly 8 includes: a connecting member 801, a fixed bracket 802, a sliding bracket 803, a fastener horizontal position limit plate 804, a fastener horizontal position reference plate 805, a hydraulic mechanism 806, a power module 807, a torque mechanism 808, a fastener push plate 809, a fixed push plate 810, a first fixed block 811, and a second fixed block 812;

[0017] The connecting member 801 is a pair of symmetrical L-shaped curved arms connected by a crossbeam. On the cross arm of each side curved arm, a fixed bracket 802 is fixed at the near vertical arm end, and a sliding bracket 803 is provided at the far vertical arm end. The fixed bracket 802 and the sliding bracket 803 are both inverted groove shapes, which are stuck on the rectangular cross arm of the connecting member 801. The inverted groove shape includes two side plates parallel to the side surfaces of the rectangular cross arm and a side plate connecting plate parallel to the upper surface of the rectangular cross arm; a first fixed block 811 and a second fixed block 812 are respectively provided on the lower bottom surface of the cross arm parallel to the side plate connecting plate of the sliding bracket 803 and the fixed bracket 802, and a downward extending arm is provided at the end of the side plate, with the two extending arms as support. The columns are respectively fixed with a fastener push plate 809 and a fixed push plate 810; on the first fixed block 811 and the second fixed block 812, symmetrical torsion mechanisms 808 are respectively fixed downward, and a hydraulic mechanism 806 parallel to the horizontal arm of the L-shaped curved arm is arranged between the first fixed block 811 and the second fixed block 812, wherein the fixed end of the hydraulic mechanism 806 is connected to the second fixed block 812, and the free end is connected to the first fixed block 811; a power module 807 is arranged on any side plate of the fixed bracket 802 or the sliding bracket 803, and the power module 807 is simultaneously connected to the torsion mechanisms 808 on the first fixed block 811 and the second fixed block 812;

[0018] The fixed end of the hydraulic mechanism 806 is connected to the fixed bracket 802 through the second fixed block 812, and the free end is connected to the sliding bracket 803 through the first fixed block 811, thereby driving the sliding bracket 803 and the accessories on the sliding bracket 803 to move along the horizontal arm of the L-shaped bent arm, especially driving the fastener push plate 809 fixed on the side plate of the sliding bracket to move toward the opposite fixed push plate 810, so that a pressure space is formed between the fixed push plate 810 and the fastener push plate 809, providing elastic force for the spring bar 16 of the sleeper, and moving the spring bar 16 horizontally to the rail.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed push plate 810 and the fastener push plate 809 are detachably fixed to the extension arm of the side plate; the fixed bracket 802 and the sliding bracket 803 are symmetrically provided with a fastener horizontal position reference plate 805, and the sliding bracket 803 is also provided with a fastener horizontal position limit plate 804. When the vertical position and horizontal position of the fixed push plate 810 and the fastener push plate 809 are determined, the position of the fixed push plate 810 and the fastener push plate 809 is adjusted to the determined point by the fastener horizontal position reference plate 805 and the fastener horizontal position limit plate 804, and then fixed.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of bolt holes are respectively provided on the fastener horizontal position limit plate 804 and the fastener horizontal position reference plate 805, and bolts can be installed at different hole positions to meet the different distances between the edges of the two fasteners after the installation of different types of fasteners is completed.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser ranging radar 10 can identify sleepers and is installed in the middle position on the back of the sleeper changing device. When the automatic sleeper changing device is moving, the laser ranging radar 10 emits a laser to the newly replaced sleeper. On this basis, the control system in the radar calculates the length of the laser path until it reaches a reasonable operating position.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser ranging radar 10 calculates the position information using GPS or INS.

[0023] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automated sleeper replacement on a ballasted railway track, the method being implemented based on the prefabricated sleepers and automated sleeper replacement device as described above.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it includes two parts: construction preparation and pillow replacement operation; wherein,

[0025] The construction preparation part includes: prefabricating the sleeper body, spring bars, elastic pads, gauge blocks, spikes and nuts in the factory, and integrating the spring bars, elastic pads, gauge blocks, spikes and nuts on the sleeper body according to the structure of the prefabricated sleeper to form fasteners; and,

[0026] Block the pillow changing line;

[0027] The pillow replacement operation includes:

[0028] When the damaged sleeper is replaced by the automatic sleeper replacement device, after the distance is measured by the laser ranging radar, the retractable torque mechanism of the fastener installation assembly is placed just above the nut of the old sleeper, the retractable torque mechanism loosens the nut of the old sleeper, unlocks the old fastener, and removes the old fastener; the old sleeper is then grabbed by the sleeper grabber; the hydraulic mechanical arm is moved to remove the old sleeper, and then the sleeper grabber grabs the prepared prefabricated sleeper; after the laser ranging radar measures the distance again, the hydraulic mechanical arm returns to the top of the original sleeper position, and after the sleeper grabber puts the new sleeper in place, the retractable torque mechanism loosens and unlocks the fastener, and the fastener push plate is pushed by the hydraulic mechanism. At this time, the fastener push plate translates the spring bar from the first position to the second position, so that the spring bar is pressed onto the rail, and the retractable torque mechanism tightens the nut again, the fastener installation is completed, and the ballast is backfilled by the ballast plate; the sleeper replacement operation process is repeated until the sleeper replacement of the entire section is completed.

[0029] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) Automation and less manpower. The prefabricated sleepers and automated sleeper replacement device and method provided pre-install and automatically install fasteners and elastic pads, effectively ensuring that the pre-installed fasteners do not affect the smooth entry of the rails into the rail bearing groove during the sleeper replacement process, realizing the automated and less-manpowered sleeper replacement operation of ballasted track, and greatly reducing the manpower input in the maintenance and repair of ballasted track;

[0031] (2) High safety. The prefabricated sleepers and automated sleeper replacement device and method provided are unmanned operations during the maintenance and repair of ballasted tracks, effectively avoiding the safety risks of hand pinching and human-machine collision caused by traditional manual installation of fasteners and elastic pads, thus ensuring the safety of sleeper replacement operations;

[0032] (3) High operating efficiency. The prefabricated sleepers and automated sleeper replacement device and method provided realize the integrated and continuous operation of positioning, removing old sleepers, replacing new sleepers, unlocking fasteners, installing fasteners, and backfilling ballast, avoiding the traditional sleeper replacement method that requires the installation of fasteners and elastic pads on the track, while avoiding the time-consuming collaboration between manpower and machinery, and significantly improving the efficiency of sleeper replacement operations;

[0033] (4) High operation precision. The prefabricated sleepers and automated sleeper replacement device and method provided can accurately locate the reasonable sleeper replacement operation position, avoiding the problem of uneven sleeper spacing caused by traditional manual visual misjudgment. At the same time, the operation process is optimized to pre-install the elastic pad to the appropriate position in advance, so that it fits completely to the bottom surface of the sleeper, ensuring the overall smoothness and stability of the track.

[0034] Of course, it is not necessary to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time to implement any product or method of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a front view of the sleeper structure of the railway ballasted track according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a top view of the sleeper structure of the railway ballasted track according to an embodiment of the present invention and a first position view before installation;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a top view of the sleeper structure of the railway ballasted track according to an embodiment of the present invention and a second position view after installation;

[0039] Figure 4 is a side view of the automatic sleeper changing device for railway ballasted track according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 is a top view of the automatic sleeper changing device for railway ballasted track according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 Embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fastener installation assembly;

[0042] Figure 7 Embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 A side view of a fastener installation assembly in FIG.

[0043] Figure 8 Embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 A top view of the fastener installation assembly in FIG.

[0044] Fig. 9 It is a flow chart of the method for automatically changing sleepers on railway ballasted track according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 6-rail; 7-control room; 8-fastener installation assembly; 801-connector; 802-fixed bracket; 803-sliding bracket; 804-fastener horizontal position limit plate; 805-fastener horizontal position reference plate; 806-hydraulic mechanism; 807-power module; 808-torque mechanism; 809-fastener push plate; 810-fixed push plate; 811-first fixed block; 812-second fixed block; 9-sleeper clamping hand; 10-laser ranging radar; 11-ballast plate; 12-hydraulic mechanical arm; 13-traveling wheel; 14-rotating mechanism; 15-gauge block; 16-elastic bar; 17-sleeper body; 18-elastic cushion; 19-spike; 20-nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can also be combined with each other without conflict.

[0048] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention provide a rail sleeper for ballasted track of railway and an automated sleeper changing device and method. The automated sleeper changing device comprises an automated fastener installation device and precise positioning of a sleeper changing vehicle. The operation process is optimized, including a method for prefabricating elastic pads and fasteners, etc., to realize a fully automated sleeper changing process, save a large amount of manpower and material resources, and ensure the safety of on-site workers.

[0050] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the prefabricated sleeper for the railway ballasted track provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a prefabricated integrated component, including: a sleeper body 17 and two groups of fasteners, each group of fasteners includes a pair of track gauge blocks 15, a pair of spring bars 16, an elastic pad 18, a pair of spikes 19 and a pair of nuts 20.

[0051] Two rail bearing grooves are symmetrically arranged on the sleeper body 17 at positions corresponding to the rails; a set of fasteners are symmetrically installed on each rail bearing groove. In the middle of the groove bottom, an elastic pad 18 is arranged, and the elastic pad 18 is fixed in the rail bearing groove by using adhesive materials such as hot melt adhesive; a pair of gauge blocks 15 are symmetrically arranged at the two edges of the groove bottom, and elastic bars 16 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the gauge blocks 15; the middle of the gauge block 15 is opened; spikes 19 and nuts 20 are symmetrically arranged in the hole, and the spikes 19 pass through the elastic bars 16, and the nuts 20 are arranged on the upper side of the elastic bars 16 and press the elastic bars 16 against the gauge block 15; the gauge block applies pressure to the elastic bars 16 and the gauge block 15 through the nuts 20 to keep the gauge block 15 and the elastic bars 16 in the correct position in the rail bearing groove.

[0052] The finished sleeper rail prefabricated before installation, the spring bar 16 is in the first position, at this time, the edge of the gauge stopper 15 is flush with the edge of the spring bar 16, and is flush with the edge of the rail 6 to be installed, so as to ensure that the pre-installed fasteners do not affect the smooth entry of the rail into the rail bearing groove during the sleeper replacement process; the pre-installed nut 20 is tightened and presses the spring bar 16, so that the spring bar 16 is fixed in the first position, that is, fixed on the gauge stopper 15.

[0053] When installing the sleeper rail, the nut 20 is directly loosened to release the pressure on the spring bar 16. At this time, the spring bar 16 has a predetermined degree of activity and can be translated toward the rail 6 as a whole along the spring bar groove that clamps the rail spike 19 as the center; the elastic force applied by the fastener installation assembly 8 causes the spring bar 16 to translate to the second position. At this time, the edge of the spring bar 16 is offset from the edge of the gauge block 15, and the end of the spring bar 16 near the elastic gasket presses the edge of the rail 6; then, the nut is tightened again, so that the nut presses the spring bar 16 and fixes it at the second position, that is, it is fixed on the rail 6 and the gauge block 15 at the same time, so as to fix the rail 6.

[0054] Based on the sleepers provided above, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an automatic sleeper replacement device for a ballasted railway track. Figure 3-4 As shown, the automatic sleeper changing device includes a control room 7, a hydraulic mechanical arm 12, a fastener installation assembly 8, a sleeper clamping arm 9, a laser ranging radar 10, a ballast plate 11, a running wheel 13 and a rotating mechanism 14.

[0055] Among them, the lower end of the control room 7 is provided with a running wheel 13 and a rotating mechanism 14, so that the whole device can slide along the rail or rotate at a fixed point under the control of the operator in the control room 7. A hydraulic mechanical arm 12 is connected to the front of the control room. At the front end of the hydraulic mechanical arm 12, a laser ranging radar 10 is arranged near the control room end just above the rail, and a ballast plate 11 is arranged below the laser ranging radar 10; at the far control room end just above the rail, a sleeper clamping hand 9 and a fastener installation assembly 8 are symmetrically arranged. The laser ranging radar 10 can identify the sleepers and is installed in the middle position on the back of the sleeper changing device. When the automatic sleeper changing device is moving, the laser ranging radar 10 emits a laser to the newly replaced sleeper. On this basis, the control system in the radar uses GPS, INS and other position information to calculate the length of the laser path until it reaches a reasonable working position.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the automatic pillow changing device is assembled in the form of an automatic pillow changing vehicle, and the control room 7 is the vehicle body.

[0057] like Figure 5-7 As shown, the fastener installation assembly 8 includes: a connecting member 801, a fixed bracket 802, a sliding bracket 803, a fastener horizontal position limit plate 804, a fastener horizontal position reference plate 805, a hydraulic mechanism 806, a power module 807, a torque mechanism 808, a fastener push plate 809, a fixed push plate 810, a first fixed block 811, and a second fixed block 812; the connecting member 801 is a pair of symmetrical L-shaped curved arms connected by a crossbeam, and on the cross arm of each side of the curved arm, a fixed bracket 802 is fixed at the near vertical arm end, and a sliding bracket 803 is arranged at the far vertical arm end. The fixed bracket 802 and the sliding bracket 803 are both inverted groove shapes, which are stuck on the rectangular cross arm of the connecting member 801, and the inverted groove shape includes two side parallel to the side of the rectangular cross arm. Plate, a side plate connecting plate parallel to the upper surface of the rectangular cross arm; a first fixed block 811 and a second fixed block 812 are respectively arranged at the lower bottom surface of the cross arm parallel to the side plate connecting plate of the sliding bracket 803 and the fixed bracket 802, and the side plate is provided with a downward extension arm at the end, and a fastener push plate 809 and a fixed push plate 810 are respectively fixed with the two extension arms as pillars; on the first fixed block 811 and the second fixed block 812, symmetrical torsion mechanisms 808 are respectively fixed downward, and a hydraulic mechanism 806 parallel to the cross arm of the L-shaped bent arm is arranged between the first fixed block 811 and the second fixed block 812, wherein the fixed end of the hydraulic mechanism 806 is connected to the second fixed block 812, and the free end is connected to the first fixed block 811. A power module 807 is provided on any side plate of the fixed bracket 802 or the sliding bracket 803, and the power module 807 is connected to the torque mechanism 808 on the first fixed block 811 and the second fixed block 812, and drives the torque mechanisms on both sides to move, loosen or tighten the nut 20 on the sleeper, and rotate the nut 20 to fix the fastener. Preferably, the torque mechanism 808 is retractable.

[0058] The fixed end of the hydraulic mechanism 806 is connected to the fixed bracket through the second fixed block, and the free end is connected to the sliding bracket through the first fixed block, thereby driving the sliding bracket and the accessories on the sliding bracket to move along the horizontal arm of the L-shaped curved arm, especially driving the fastener push plate fixed on the side plate of the sliding bracket to move toward the opposite fixed push plate, so that a pressure space is formed between the fixed push plate and the fastener push plate, providing a lateral force for the elastic bar 16 of the sleeper to push the elastic bar onto the rail. In a specific embodiment, the fastener push plate 809 is designed according to the transverse section of the track and is made of high-strength steel.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the fixed push plate 810 and the fastener push plate 809 are detachably fixed to the extension arm of the side plate. The fixed bracket 802 and the sliding bracket 803 are symmetrically provided with a fastener horizontal position reference plate 805, and the sliding bracket 803 is also provided with a fastener horizontal position limit plate 804. When the vertical position and horizontal position of the fixed push plate 810 and the fastener push plate 809 are determined, the position of the fixed push plate 810 and the fastener push plate 809 is adjusted to the determined point by the fastener horizontal position reference plate 805 and the fastener horizontal position limit plate 804, and fixed. Based on the provided sleepers and automatic sleeper changing device, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a railway ballasted track automatic sleeper changing method, and the method is implemented based on the sleepers and the automatic sleeper changing device.

[0060] like Figure 8 As shown, the railway ballasted track automatic sleeper replacement method includes two parts: construction preparation and sleeper replacement operation.

[0061] The construction preparation part includes: prefabricating the sleeper body, spring bars, elastic pads, gauge blocks, spikes and nuts in the factory, and integrating the spring bars, elastic pads, gauge blocks, spikes and nuts on the sleeper body according to the structure of the prefabricated sleeper to form fasteners; and

[0062] Block the pillow changing line.

[0063] The pillow replacement operation includes:

[0064] When the damaged sleeper is replaced by the automatic sleeper replacement device, after the distance is measured by the laser ranging radar 10, the torque mechanism 808 of the fastener installation assembly 8 is placed just above the old sleeper nut 20, and the old sleeper nut is loosened by the torque mechanism 808 to unlock the old fastener and remove the old fastener; the old sleeper is then grabbed by the sleeper grabber 9; the hydraulic mechanical arm 12 is moved to remove the old sleeper, and the sleeper grabber 9 grabs the prepared prefabricated sleeper; the laser ranging radar 10 measures the distance, and the torque mechanism 808 of the fastener installation assembly 8 is placed just above the old sleeper nut 20, and the old sleeper nut is loosened by the torque mechanism 808 to unlock the old fastener and remove the old fastener; the old sleeper is then grabbed by the sleeper grabber 9; the old sleeper is removed by the hydraulic mechanical arm 12, and the prepared prefabricated sleeper is grabbed by the sleeper grabber 9; the laser ranging radar 10 measures the distance, and the torque mechanism 808 of the fastener installation assembly 8 is placed just above the old sleeper nut 20; the old sleeper nut is loosened by the torque mechanism 808 to unlock the old fastener and remove the old fastener; the old sleeper is then grabbed by the sleeper grabber 9; the old sleeper is removed by the laser ranging radar 10 ... After the radar 10 measures the distance again, the hydraulic mechanical arm 12 returns to the original sleeper position. After the sleeper grabber 9 places the new sleeper in place, the torque mechanism 808 loosens and unlocks the fastener, and the fastener push plate 809 is pushed by the hydraulic mechanism 806. At this time, the fastener push plate 801 translates the spring bar 16 from the first position to the second position, so that the spring bar 16 is pressed onto the rail, and the torque mechanism 808 tightens the nut 20 again. The fastener installation is completed, and the ballast plate 11 is used to backfill the ballast. Repeat the sleeper replacement process until the sleeper replacement of the entire section is completed.

[0065] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the railroad ballasted track sleepers, automated sleeper changing device and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention eliminate manual operations such as the manual installation of fasteners and elastic pads, and the manual marking of sleeper installation positions, thereby ensuring the safety of operating personnel, improving the sleeper changing efficiency, and saving a lot of manpower and material resources.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles used. It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but only represents the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated sleeper for a railway ballasted track, characterized in that: The prefabricated sleeper comprises: a sleeper body (17) and two sets of fasteners, each set of fasteners comprising a pair of track gauge blocks (15), a pair of spring bars (16), an elastic pad (18), a pair of spikes (19) and a pair of nuts (20); wherein: The sleeper body (17) is symmetrically provided with two rail bearing grooves at positions corresponding to the rails, and a group of fasteners is symmetrically installed on each rail bearing groove; an elastic pad (18) is provided in the middle of the groove bottom of each rail bearing groove; a pair of track gauge blocks (15) are symmetrically provided at two edges of the groove bottom, and an elastic bar (16) is provided on the upper side of the track gauge block (15); a hole is opened in the middle of the track gauge block (15); spikes (19) and nuts (20) are symmetrically provided in the hole, and the spikes (19) pass through the elastic bar (16), and the nuts (20) are provided on the upper side of the elastic bar (16) and press the elastic bar (16) onto the track gauge block (15); The prefabricated sleeper rail has an elastic bar (16) at a first position, at which time the edge of the track gauge stopper (15) is flush with the edge of the elastic bar (16) and is also flush with the edge of the rail (6) to be installed; the pre-installed nut (20) is tightened and presses the elastic bar (16), so that the elastic bar (16) is fixed at the first position, that is, fixed on the track gauge stopper (15).

2. The prefabricated sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the prefabricated sleeper rail is installed, after the nut (20) is loosened and the pressure on the spring bar (16) is released, the spring bar (16) has a predetermined degree of mobility and can move toward the rail (6) along the spring bar groove clamping the rail spike (19) with the rail spike (19) as the center; After the elastic bar (16) is subjected to the elastic force applied by the fastener installation assembly (8), the elastic bar (16) moves to a second position, at which time the edge of the elastic bar (16) is offset from the edge of the track gauge stopper (15), and the end of the elastic bar (16) near the elastic gasket presses the edge of the rail (6); After the nut is tightened again, the nut presses the spring bar (16) and is fixed at the second position, that is, fixed on the rail (6) and the gauge block (15) at the same time.

3. An automatic sleeper changing device for railway ballasted track, characterized in that: The automatic sleeper replacement device is used to replace the prefabricated sleepers as claimed in claim 1 or 2; The device comprises a control room (7), a hydraulic mechanical arm (12), a fastener installation assembly (8), a rail sleeper clamping arm (9), a laser ranging radar (10), a ballast plate (11), a running wheel (13) and a rotating mechanism (14); wherein, A running wheel (13) and a rotating mechanism (14) are arranged at the lower end of the control room; a laser ranging radar (10) is arranged at the front end of the hydraulic mechanical arm (12), just above the symmetrical center of the rail (6) and near the control room end, and a ballast plate (11) is arranged below the laser ranging radar (10); and a rail sleeper clamping hand (9) and a fastener installation assembly (8) are symmetrically arranged just above the rail and far from the control room end.

4. The automatic sleeper changing device for railway ballasted track according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fastener installation assembly (8) comprises: a connecting piece (801), a fixed bracket (802), a sliding bracket (803), a fastener horizontal position limit plate (804), a fastener horizontal position reference plate (805), a hydraulic mechanism (806), a power module (807), a torque mechanism (808), a fastener push plate (809), a fixed push plate (810), a first fixed block (811), and a second fixed block (812); The connecting member (801) is a pair of symmetrical L-shaped curved arms connected by a crossbeam. On the cross arm of each side curved arm, a fixed bracket (802) is fixed at the near vertical arm end, and a sliding bracket (803) is arranged at the far vertical arm end. The fixed bracket (802) and the sliding bracket (803) are both in the shape of an inverted groove and are clamped on the rectangular cross arm of the connecting member (801). The inverted groove includes two side plates parallel to the side surfaces of the rectangular cross arm and a side plate connecting plate parallel to the upper surface of the rectangular cross arm. A first fixed block (811) and a second fixed block (812) are respectively arranged at the bottom surface of the cross arm parallel to the side plate connecting plate of the sliding bracket (803) and the fixed bracket (802). A downward extending arm is arranged at the end of the side plate, and fasteners are respectively fixed with the two extending arms as pillars. A push plate (809) and a fixed push plate (810); symmetrical torsion mechanisms (808) are fixed downward on the first fixed block (811) and the second fixed block (812), respectively; a hydraulic mechanism (806) parallel to the horizontal arm of the L-shaped bent arm is arranged between the first fixed block (811) and the second fixed block (812), wherein the fixed end of the hydraulic mechanism (806) is connected to the second fixed block (812), and the free end is connected to the first fixed block (811); a power module (807) is arranged on any side plate of the fixed bracket (802) or the sliding bracket (803), and the power module (807) is connected to the torsion mechanisms (808) on the first fixed block (811) and the second fixed block (812) at the same time; The fixed end of the hydraulic mechanism (806) is connected to the fixed bracket (802) through the second fixed block (812), and the free end is connected to the sliding bracket (803) through the first fixed block (811), thereby driving the sliding bracket (803) and the accessories on the sliding bracket (803) to move along the horizontal arm of the L-shaped curved arm, especially driving the fastener push plate (809) fixed on the side plate of the sliding bracket to move toward the opposite fixed push plate (810), so that a pressure space is formed between the fixed push plate (810) and the fastener push plate (809), providing elastic force for the spring bar (16) of the sleeper, and moving the spring bar (16) horizontally onto the rail.

5. The automatic sleeper changing device for railway ballasted track according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fixed push plate (810) and the fastener push plate (809) are detachably fixed to the extension arm of the side plate; the fixed bracket (802) and the sliding bracket (803) are symmetrically provided with a fastener horizontal position reference plate (805), and the sliding bracket (803) is also provided with a fastener horizontal position limit plate (804). When the vertical position and horizontal position of the fixed push plate (810) and the fastener push plate (809) are determined, the positions of the fixed push plate (810) and the fastener push plate (809) are adjusted to the determined point by the fastener horizontal position reference plate (805) and the fastener horizontal position limit plate (804), and then fixed.

6. The automatic sleeper changing device for railway ballasted track according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fastener horizontal position limit plate (804) and the fastener horizontal position reference plate (805) are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt holes, and bolts can be installed at different hole positions to meet the different distances between the edges of the two fasteners after fasteners of different models are installed.

7. The railway ballasted track automatic sleeper changing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The laser ranging radar (10) can identify rail sleepers and is installed in the middle position of the back of the sleeper changing device. When the automatic sleeper changing device is in motion, the laser ranging radar (10) emits laser light to the newly replaced rail sleeper. On this basis, the control system in the radar calculates the length of the laser path until it reaches a reasonable operating position.

8. The automatic sleeper changing device for railway ballasted track according to claim 7, characterized in that: The laser ranging radar (10) calculates the position information using GPS or INS.

9. A method for automatically changing sleepers on a railway ballasted track, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the prefabricated sleepers and the automatic sleeper changing device described in any one of claims 3-8.

10. The method for automatically replacing sleepers on a railway ballasted track according to claim 9, characterized in that: It includes two parts: construction preparation and pillow replacement operation; The construction preparation part includes: prefabricating the sleeper body, spring bars, elastic pads, gauge blocks, spikes and nuts in the factory, and integrating the spring bars, elastic pads, gauge blocks, spikes and nuts on the sleeper body according to the structure of the prefabricated sleeper to form fasteners; and, Block the pillow changing line; The pillow replacement operation includes: When the damaged sleeper is replaced by the automatic sleeper replacement device, after the distance is measured by the laser ranging radar, the retractable torque mechanism of the fastener installation assembly is placed just above the nut of the old sleeper, the retractable torque mechanism loosens the nut of the old sleeper, unlocks the old fastener, and removes the old fastener; the old sleeper is then grabbed by the sleeper grabber; the hydraulic mechanical arm is moved to remove the old sleeper, and then the sleeper grabber grabs the prepared prefabricated sleeper; after the laser ranging radar measures the distance again, the hydraulic mechanical arm returns to the top of the original sleeper position, and after the sleeper grabber puts the new sleeper in place, the retractable torque mechanism loosens and unlocks the fastener, and the fastener push plate is pushed by the hydraulic mechanism. At this time, the fastener push plate translates the spring bar from the first position to the second position, so that the spring bar is pressed onto the rail, and the retractable torque mechanism tightens the nut again, the fastener installation is completed, and the ballast is backfilled by the ballast plate; the sleeper replacement operation process is repeated until the sleeper replacement of the entire section is completed.

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