Circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism

Abstract

The invention provides a circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on a thermal convection mechanism. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure comprises a piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, a heat conduction structural body, an upper cover plate hard decoupling material, a lower cover plate hard decoupling material, a heat conduction upper cover plate, a heat conduction lower cover plate and a transducer watertight layer, a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead are respectively led out from the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, a heat dissipation coating is arranged on the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, and a transducer watertight layer is coated on the outer cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube; and a heat absorption coating is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the heat conduction structural body. According to the invention, heat generated by the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube is conducted to the heat conduction structural body and then is transferred to a water environment through the heat conduction upper cover plate and the heat conduction lower cover plate, so that thermal control of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer is realized based on a heat convection mechanism, the heat dissipation capability of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer is improved, and the service life of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer is prolonged. The long-time and high-power working capacity of the transducer is improved, and the weight and volume loads generated by the transducer are controllable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal control of an underwater acoustic transducer, and in particular to a thermal control structure of a circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer based on a thermal convection mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Sound waves are the only information carrier that can be transmitted over long distances in the marine environment. As a carrier for underwater sound wave transmission and reception, hydroacoustic transducers are widely used in the field of hydroacoustic engineering. In recent years, small-volume hydroacoustic engineering technology platforms such as unmanned submersibles and hydroacoustic communication primitives have put forward requirements for hydroacoustic transducers such as small size, light weight, and wide bandwidth. Since circular tubular hydroacoustic transducers have the advantages of horizontal non-directionality, large vertical opening angle, wide working frequency band, large power capacity, and relatively small volume and mass, they are widely used in hydroacoustic engineering technology platforms and have achieved good application results.

[0003] The existing Chinese patent with publication number CN204231638U discloses an underwater acoustic transducer, including a piezoelectric ceramic tube and a base, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic tube is arranged above the base through a supporting component, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube is not in contact with the base; two electrode sockets are provided on the base, and the electrode sockets include electrode pins, and the electrode pins of the two electrode sockets are respectively connected to the outer wall and the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic tube through wires; a sealing rubber is provided on the upper part of the base, and the sealing rubber covers the piezoelectric ceramic tube, the electrode socket and the supporting component and is vulcanized into one with the piezoelectric ceramic tube, the base, the electrode socket and the supporting component.

[0004] Although circular tubular hydroacoustic transducers have been well applied in the field of hydroacoustic engineering technology, in order to obtain greater processing gain and longer detection distance in hydroacoustic engineering technology fields such as ocean detection and hydroacoustic communication, it is further required to improve the sound source level and pulse width of the transducer's transmitted signal, which puts higher requirements on the long-term and high-power working ability of circular tubular hydroacoustic transducers.

[0005] When the underwater acoustic transducer transmits for a long time and at high power, the transducer will experience obvious temperature rise due to the dielectric loss characteristics and mechanical loss characteristics of the active material in the transducer. The transducer temperature will gradually increase and when it approaches the Curie temperature of the material, it will gradually reach the temperature limit of the transducer, thereby affecting the long-term and high-power operation of the transducer.

[0006] In modern scientific research and engineering design, targeted thermal control technology design must be carried out for equipment that works for a long time with high stability. Thermal control technology is mainly realized through thermal control mechanism and its application. According to the different thermal control mechanisms, thermal control technology can be divided into three types: thermal conduction thermal control technology, thermal convection thermal control technology, and thermal radiation thermal control technology.

[0007] In the field of underwater acoustic transducers, the design of thermal control technology must adapt to the requirements of the transducer's working tasks for thermal control. A good thermal control solution must be designed to minimize the impact on the transducer's electroacoustic characteristics while occupying as little weight, energy, and space resources as possible, thereby completing the overall transducer's thermal control technology mission requirements.

[0008] Therefore, in order to achieve high duty cycle or continuous high-power transmission of the underwater acoustic transducer, targeted research should be carried out on the thermal control technology of the underwater acoustic transducer. By improving the heat dissipation capacity of the underwater acoustic transducer and extending the high-power working time of the transducer, the power limit of the transducer can be improved.

[0009] In existing research, the thermal control research of ultrasonic transducers has been initially carried out, and mainly focuses on heat dissipation of ultrasonic transducers by enhancing thermal convection and tightening heat conduction. However, there are fewer studies on hydroacoustic transducers, and the initial focus is on using metal structures to conduct heat dissipation of hydroacoustic transducers. Therefore, there are still some problems in the existing research on transducer thermal control mechanisms.

[0010] (1) Some existing research is not applicable to the field of underwater acoustic transducers

[0011] Existing research on transducer thermal control is mainly concentrated in the field of ultrasonic transducers. Although some components of ultrasonic transducers are similar to those of hydroacoustic transducers, there are certain differences between their working conditions and working environments and those of hydroacoustic transducers. In particular, ultrasonic transducers work in an air environment, which is quite different from the environment in which hydroacoustic transducers work. Therefore, the related research on enhanced thermal convection and tightening heat conduction thermal control cannot be applied to the field of hydroacoustic transducers.

[0012] (2) Existing research on thermal control of underwater acoustic transducers does not adopt the thermal convection thermal control mechanism

[0013] Existing research on thermal control of underwater acoustic transducers mainly focuses on selecting and using high thermal conductivity materials as the structure of the transducer itself, and heat conduction and heat dissipation through the high thermal conductivity structure to establish an effective heat dissipation path inside the transducer. However, existing research lacks research on thermal convection thermal control of underwater acoustic transducers.

[0014] (3) Existing research on thermal control of underwater acoustic transducers is not applicable to circular tube-type underwater acoustic transducers

[0015] Furthermore, existing research mainly focuses on the thermal control research field of flextensional transducers and longitudinal transducers. As a commonly used transducer for ocean detection and underwater acoustic communication, the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer is mainly composed of piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, hard decoupling material, upper and lower metal plates and other structures. It has typical structural characteristics, which are mainly reflected in that the vibration element of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer is a piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, which is only connected to decoupling materials such as hard foam, and the decoupling material is connected to the upper and lower metal plates of the transducer. The decoupling material does not vibrate under the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic, and plays a vibration isolation role. That is, after applying voltage between the positive and negative electrodes of the transducer, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven by the piezoelectric effect to vibrate, and the sound energy is directly radiated into the water through the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic. In terms of structure, the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer does not have a high thermal conductivity metal body commonly used in transducers such as flextensional transducers and longitudinal transducers. Therefore, the existing underwater acoustic transducer thermal control research is not suitable for circular tube type underwater acoustic transducers.

[0016] (4) Existing research on thermal control of underwater acoustic transducers has a significant impact on the electroacoustic performance of underwater acoustic transducers

[0017] As an electroacoustic conversion device, the underwater acoustic transducer is very sensitive to the load applied to the transducer. Existing thermal control research is mainly achieved through thermal conduction thermal control design. The load generated by the high thermal conductivity metal structure set up to achieve thermal conduction thermal control design on the transducer will significantly affect the electroacoustic performance of the transducer.

[0018] Therefore, in order to further improve the high-power working capacity of the hydroacoustic transducer and increase the temperature limit of the hydroacoustic transducer, thermal control technology research should be carried out on the hydroacoustic transducer, that is, the thermal control technology of the circular tubular hydroacoustic transducer should be designed based on the thermal convection mechanism. In particular, the circular tubular hydroacoustic transducer is a widely used hydroacoustic transducer with the advantages of uniform horizontal directivity, high electroacoustic conversion efficiency, and simple structure, and is used in many types of hydroacoustic projects.

[0019] The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer is mainly composed of a piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, a hard decoupling material, a metal cover plate, etc., and radiates sound energy directly into the water through the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube. Since the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube is the vibration element of the transducer to radiate sound energy, it is a very sensitive element to the load. It is only in contact with hard low thermal conductivity decoupling materials such as hard foam and cork, and the contact area is small, so the heat conduction efficiency is low and thermal control cannot be achieved. However, if a metal structure is simply introduced into a single ceramic structure transducer, and a heat conduction and thermal control mechanism is designed to connect the metal structure to the piezoelectric ceramic, the transducer load will be significantly increased, affecting the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, significantly reducing the electroacoustic characteristics of the transducer, and affecting the operation of the transducer. Therefore, due to various factors, the heat dissipation capacity of the transducer cannot be greatly improved, and the heat dissipation problem of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer is more difficult to solve than the heat dissipation problem of other types of underwater acoustic transducers.

[0020] Therefore, the thermal convection thermal control technology should be introduced through targeted analysis on the circular tube type hydroacoustic transducer to effectively establish the thermal control mechanism of the circular tube type hydroacoustic transducer. And the thermal control technology design for the circular tube type hydroacoustic transducer will provide a reference for the thermal control technology of other types of hydroacoustic transducers. Summary of the invention

[0021] In view of the defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a thermal control structure of a circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer based on a thermal convection mechanism.

[0022] According to the present invention, a circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism comprises: a piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, a heat conductive structure, an upper cover plate hard decoupling material, a lower cover plate hard decoupling material, a heat conductive upper cover plate, a heat conductive lower cover plate and a transducer watertight layer, wherein the heat conductive upper cover plate, the upper cover plate hard decoupling material, the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube, the lower cover plate hard decoupling material and the heat conductive lower cover plate are fastened and connected in sequence from top to bottom;

[0023] A positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead are respectively led out of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, a heat dissipation coating is provided on the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, a transducer watertight layer is coated on the outer cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube, and the transducer watertight layer is connected to a heat-conducting upper cover plate and a heat-conducting lower cover plate;

[0024] The heat-conducting structure is arranged on the inner side of the piezoelectric ceramic round tube and is located below the heat-conducting upper cover plate. A heat-absorbing coating is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the heat-conducting structure.

[0025] Preferably, the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube comprises a radially polarized circular tube or a tangentially polarized mosaic circular tube.

[0026] Preferably, the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead are mounted on the piezoelectric ceramic round tube by welding or gluing.

[0027] Preferably, an opening is provided in the middle of the heat-conductive lower cover plate, and the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead are led out from the opening.

[0028] Preferably, the heat dissipation coating is provided on the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube by wrapping or coating.

[0029] Preferably, the heat-absorbing coating is disposed on the outer cylindrical surface of the heat-conducting structure by lamination or coating.

[0030] Preferably, the thermally conductive structure comprises a hollow structure or a honeycomb structure.

[0031] Preferably, the heat-conducting structure, the heat-conducting upper cover plate, and the heat-conducting lower cover plate are all made of metal materials, and the metal materials include copper.

[0032] Preferably, the thermally conductive upper cover plate, the upper cover plate hard decoupling material, the piezoelectric ceramic round tube, the lower cover plate hard decoupling material, and the thermally conductive lower cover plate are screwed and fixed from top to bottom by threads or bolts.

[0033] Preferably, the transducer watertight layer completely covers the thermally conductive upper cover plate, the upper cover plate hard decoupling material, the piezoelectric ceramic tube, the lower cover plate hard decoupling material and the connection between the thermally conductive lower cover plate, and the material of the transducer watertight layer includes a waterproof and sound-permeable polyurethane material.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention conducts the heat generated by the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube to the heat-conducting structure, and then transfers it to the water environment through the heat-conducting upper cover plate and the heat-conducting lower cover plate, thereby realizing thermal control of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer based on the heat convection mechanism, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer and improving the long-term and high-power working capacity of the transducer; by adopting non-contact heat convection thermal control technology in the process, the weight and volume loads generated by the transducer are more controllable, reducing the influence of the thermal control technology on the electroacoustic performance of the underwater acoustic transducer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 The present invention mainly embodies a cross-sectional view of a thermal control structure of a circular tube-type underwater acoustic transducer based on a thermal convection mechanism;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat-conducting structure mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hollow heat-conducting structure mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the heat distribution on the transducer when the thermal control structure is not used.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the heat distribution on the transducer when the thermal control structure is adopted in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of the maximum temperature change curves on the transducer when the thermal control structure is not adopted / adopted, which mainly embodies the present invention.

[0043] As shown in the figure:

[0044] Piezoelectric ceramic tube 1 Positive electrode lead 2 Negative electrode lead 3

[0045] Heat dissipation coating 4 Heat absorption coating 5 Thermal conductive structure 6

[0046] Upper cover plate hard decoupling material 7 Lower cover plate hard decoupling material 8 Thermal conductive upper cover plate 9

[0047] Heat-conducting lower cover plate 10 Transducer watertight layer 11 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, a circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on the heat convection mechanism provided by the present invention comprises: a piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1, a heat conductive structure 6, an upper cover plate hard decoupling material 7, a lower cover plate hard decoupling material 8, a heat conductive upper cover plate 9, a heat conductive lower cover plate 10 and a transducer watertight layer 11, wherein the heat conductive upper cover plate 9, the upper cover plate hard decoupling material 7, the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1, the lower cover plate hard decoupling material 8 and the heat conductive lower cover plate 10 are fastened and connected in sequence from top to bottom; the positive electrodes are respectively led out from the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1 The lead wire 2 and the negative electrode lead wire 3, a heat dissipation coating 4 is arranged on the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1, and a transducer watertight layer 11 is coated on the outer cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1, and the transducer watertight layer 11 is connected to the heat-conducting upper cover plate 9 and the heat-conducting lower cover plate 10, and the heat-conducting upper cover plate 9, the heat-conducting lower cover plate 10 and the transducer watertight layer 11 are in contact with the external environment; the heat-conducting structure 6 is arranged on the inner side of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1 and is located below the heat-conducting upper cover plate 9, and a heat-absorbing coating 5 is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the heat-conducting structure 6.

[0050] The piezoelectric ceramic tube 1 includes a radially polarized tube or a tangentially polarized inlaid tube.

[0051] The positive electrode lead 2 and the negative electrode lead 3 should be high temperature resistant leads, and the positive electrode lead 2 and the negative electrode lead 3 are fastened by welding or glue and installed on the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1. An opening is provided in the middle of the heat conductive lower cover plate 10, and the positive electrode lead 2 and the negative electrode lead 3 are led out from the opening.

[0052] The heat dissipation coating 4 should be a lightweight material with high radiation and low absorption. The heat dissipation coating 4 is arranged on the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1 by wrapping or coating.

[0053] The heat absorbing coating 5 should be a low-radiation, high-absorption material, and the heat absorbing coating 5 is disposed on the outer cylindrical surface of the heat-conducting structure 6 by lamination or coating.

[0054] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the heat conductive structure 6 includes a hollow structure or a honeycomb structure to reduce weight.

[0055] The heat-conducting structure 6, the heat-conducting upper cover plate 9 and the heat-conducting lower cover plate 10 should be made of metal materials with low density, high thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity, and the metal materials include copper.

[0056] The upper cover plate hard decoupling material 7 and the lower cover plate hard decoupling material 8 should be low-density hard materials.

[0057] The thermal conductive upper cover plate 9, the upper cover plate hard decoupling material 7, the piezoelectric ceramic round tube 1, the lower cover plate hard decoupling material 8, and the thermal conductive lower cover plate 10 are screwed or bolted from top to bottom. When screwed, glue can be applied to the threads to increase the bonding area after assembly.

[0058] The transducer watertight layer 11 completely covers the connection between the heat-conducting upper cover plate 9, the upper cover plate hard decoupling material 7, the piezoelectric ceramic round tube 1, the lower cover plate hard decoupling material 8 and the heat-conducting lower cover plate 10. The material of the transducer watertight layer 11 includes a waterproof and sound-permeable polyurethane material. The contact between the heat-conducting upper cover plate 9, the heat-conducting lower cover plate 10 and the transducer watertight layer 11 and the external environment can be replaced by connecting with a material with high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity.

[0059] like Figure 4-6 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1 is a radially polarized tube, which serves as the active material of the transducer; the positive electrode lead 2 and the negative electrode lead 3 are high temperature resistant copper core leads, and are fixed to the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1 by welding; the heat dissipation coating 4 is a lightweight coating with high radiation and low absorption, which is applied to the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 1; the heat absorption coating 5 is a low radiation and high absorption coating, which is applied to the outer cylindrical surface of the thermal conductive structure 6; the thermal conductive structure 6, the thermal conductive upper cover plate 9, and the thermal conductive lower cover plate 10 are all made of copper with low density, high thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity; the upper cover plate hard decoupling material 7 and the lower cover plate hard decoupling material 8 are low density hard foam materials; the transducer watertight layer 11 is a waterproof and sound-permeable polyurethane material; the thermal conductive upper cover plate 9, the thermal conductive lower cover plate 10, and the transducer watertight layer 11 are in contact with the external water environment. The present application conducts the heat generated by the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1 to the heat-conducting structure 6, and then transfers it to the water environment through the heat-conducting upper cover plate 9 and the heat-conducting lower cover plate 10, thereby realizing the thermal control technology of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer based on the heat convection mechanism.

[0060] The multi-gradient heat transfer model of the thermal convection thermal control mechanism follows Newton's law of heat transfer by convection, namely:

[0061]

[0062] The boundary heat conduction model follows the basic equation of heat transfer:

[0063]

[0064] Therefore, in the technical design of the thermal control structure of the circular tubular underwater acoustic transducer based on the thermal convection mechanism, high-radiation, low-absorption coefficient coating is selected to be arranged on the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1; high-absorption, low-radiation coefficient coating is selected to be arranged on the outer wall surface of the thermal conductive structure 6; the distance between the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1 and the thermal conductive structure 6 is reduced; and a high-thermal conductivity metal column is arranged to connect with the external free field environment or a metal-free field combination with high thermal conductivity and other technical approaches to establish thermal convection thermal control technology.

[0065] In the thermal convection thermal control technology of the circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer, there is space between the high thermal conductivity metal column and the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1, so the load on the transducer does not change basically, and it will basically not affect the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube 1, and will not significantly affect the electroacoustic performance of the transducer.

[0066] The present application has realized the establishment of a thermal control mechanism on a circular tube-type underwater acoustic transducer, thereby improving the long-term, high-power working capability of the transducer. By adopting thermal convection thermal control technology, the heat dissipation capacity of the circular tube-type underwater acoustic transducer is improved, and the high-power working time of the transducer is extended; by adopting non-contact thermal convection thermal control technology in the process, the weight and volume loads generated by the transducer are more controllable, reducing the effect of thermal control technology on the electroacoustic performance of the underwater acoustic transducer. The thermal convection thermal control technology adopted in this application can be well used on other types of underwater acoustic transducers, and has great technical reference value.

[0067] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0068] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism, characterized in that: include: A piezoelectric ceramic round tube (1), a heat-conducting structure (6), an upper cover plate hard decoupling material (7), a lower cover plate hard decoupling material (8), a heat-conducting upper cover plate (9), a heat-conducting lower cover plate (10), and a transducer watertight layer (11), wherein the heat-conducting upper cover plate (9), the upper cover plate hard decoupling material (7), the piezoelectric ceramic round tube (1), the lower cover plate hard decoupling material (8), and the heat-conducting lower cover plate (10) are fastened and connected in sequence from top to bottom; A positive electrode lead (2) and a negative electrode lead (3) are respectively led out from the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube (1); a heat dissipation coating (4) is provided on the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube (1); a transducer watertight layer (11) is coated on the outer cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic circular tube (1); and the transducer watertight layer (11) is connected to a heat-conducting upper cover plate (9) and a heat-conducting lower cover plate (10); The heat-conducting structure (6) is arranged on the inner side of the piezoelectric ceramic tube (1) and is located below the heat-conducting upper cover plate (9), and a heat-absorbing coating (5) is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the heat-conducting structure (6).

2. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on the thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The piezoelectric ceramic circular tube (1) comprises a radially polarized circular tube or a tangentially polarized inlaid circular tube.

3. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive electrode lead (2) and the negative electrode lead (3) are mounted on the piezoelectric ceramic round tube (1) by welding or gluing.

4. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: An opening is provided in the middle of the heat-conducting lower cover plate (10), and the positive electrode lead (2) and the negative electrode lead (3) are led out from the opening.

5. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation coating (4) is arranged on the inner cylindrical surface of the piezoelectric ceramic tube (1) by wrapping or coating.

6. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-absorbing coating (5) is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the heat-conducting structure (6) by laminating or coating.

7. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting structure (6) comprises a hollow structure or a honeycomb structure.

8. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials of the heat-conducting structure (6), the heat-conducting upper cover plate (9), and the heat-conducting lower cover plate (10) are all metal materials, and the metal materials include copper.

9. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting upper cover plate (9), the upper cover plate hard decoupling material (7), the piezoelectric ceramic round tube (1), the lower cover plate hard decoupling material (8), and the heat-conducting lower cover plate (10) are screwed and fixed from top to bottom by means of threads or bolts.

10. The circular tube type underwater acoustic transducer thermal control structure based on thermal convection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transducer watertight layer (11) completely covers the connection between the heat-conducting upper cover plate (9), the upper cover plate hard decoupling material (7), the piezoelectric ceramic round tube (1), the lower cover plate hard decoupling material (8) and the heat-conducting lower cover plate (10), and the material of the transducer watertight layer (11) includes a waterproof and sound-permeable polyurethane material.

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