Stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent and application method thereof
By developing a pear chemical flower-slimming agent containing PP333, 6-BA and other ingredients, and combining with the method of artificial fruit setting, the problem of labor shortage of pear gardens and the large amount of labor for sparse flowers and fruits is solved, and the effect of reducing labor costs and improving the quality of pear fruits is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411736508.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-04
AI Technical Summary
The pear garden has a shortage of labor force, high labor costs, large labor employed, and difficult employment for hiding flowers and fruits, which affects the high-quality production of pear fruits.
A stable pear chemical flower-sparing agent is developed, including PP333, 6-BA, urea, KH2PO4, CaCl2, MgSO4, potassium chlorophenate and triethanolamine. It is sprayed through a bolted sprayer and combined with artificial fruit setting to achieve rapid labor-saving flower-sparing fruit.
It reduces the labor and labor cost of sparse flowers and fruits in pear orchards, improves production efficiency, reduces the fruit setting rate of inflorescences and flowers, increases the soluble solid content of pear fruits, and improves the quality of pear fruits.
Smart Images
Figure CN119547792A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pear tree cultivation, in particular to a stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent and an application method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Pears, belonging to the genus Pyrus in the Rosaceae family, are deciduous fruit trees. They are one of the three major cultivated fruit trees in my country and hold a significant position worldwide. Pear production has long been a key pillar industry for increasing farmers' income and enriching their livelihoods, and a major agricultural export earner. However, with an aging population and the migration of young and middle-aged rural laborers to urban areas and other industries, pear orchards are facing a growing labor shortage and rising labor costs. This has led to declining profitability in pear orchards, and some pear orchards are unmanned and poorly managed. Researching simplified pear cultivation techniques can improve the working environment in pear orchards, reduce labor intensity, and increase production efficiency, thereby attracting more people to engage in pear orchard production and management and alleviating the problem of continued lack of management in pear orchards.
[0003] Thinning pear flowers and fruits is a critical step in ensuring high-quality pear production. Currently, thinning pear flowers is primarily accomplished through winter bud pruning. However, this also removes some leaf buds and mixed flower buds, reducing the number of branches after spring leaf buds emerge and impacting pear tree growth. Pear fruit thinning is primarily performed using fruit thinning shears 2-3 weeks after fruit set. In a normal pollination year, thinning requires six workers per acre (approximately 600 yuan) per person per day. Furthermore, due to frequent rainy weather and concentrated labor demand during the pear thinning period in April, it can be difficult to find workers, resulting in extended thinning cycles and reduced fruit size. To overcome the bottlenecks of high labor costs and labor difficulties associated with thinning pear flowers and fruits, developing a simplified and streamlined pear flower and fruit thinning technology has become a major challenge for researchers and producers. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The invention aims to provide a stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent and an application method thereof, which has the effects of simplifying pear tree cultivation, reducing labor intensity and improving production efficiency.
[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions, including PP333.
[0006] The present invention is further configured to include 6-BA.
[0007] The present invention is further configured to further include urea.
[0008] The present invention is further configured to further include KH2PO4, CaCl2 and MgSO4.
[0009] The invention is further configured to further include potassium fulvic acid and triethanolamine.
[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: the preparation method of the stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent is as follows: weighing 1g of 95% PP333, adding water and stirring to dissolve to 100ml, weighing 0.2mg of 98% 6-BA, adding 1% dilute hydrochloric acid and stirring to dissolve, and adding water to 100ml, weighing 1g of 99% urea, adding water and stirring to dissolve to 100ml, weighing 0.5g of 99.5% KH2PO4, adding water and stirring to dissolve to 100ml, weighing 0.5g of 96% CaCl2, adding water and stirring to dissolve to 100ml, weighing 0.2g of 99% MgSO4, adding water and stirring to dissolve to 100ml, then mixing the above-mentioned prepared solutions, then weighing 1g of 99% potassium fulvic acid and 2ml of triethanolamine, adding them to the mixed solution, and finally stirring and dissolving to 1L.
[0011] The invention discloses an application method of a stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent. The stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent is sprayed once with a backpack sprayer during the full flowering period of the pear trees, and sprayed again one week after the full flowering period.
[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: the stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent should be sprayed in weather without rain and with wind force 3 or below.
[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: the spraying order of the stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent is from the top to the bottom of the pear tree and from the inside to the outside of the pear tree, and the spraying needs to be performed facing the pear inflorescence.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0015] 1. This application uses chemical flower and fruit thinning agents that have been reported for use on fruits such as apples, citrus, and pears to conduct research. It is found that the existing flower and fruit thinning agents α-naphthylacetic acid sodium and metamitron used on citrus and apples have certain flower and fruit thinning effects on pear trees, but these two flower and fruit thinning agents can cause phytotoxicity to pear trees; the flower and fruit thinning agent calcium formate has no obvious flower and fruit thinning effect on pear trees; the flower and fruit thinning agent ethephon is easy to volatilize when used on pear trees, and the concentration of the prepared solution is unstable, resulting in unstable flower and fruit thinning effects on pear trees; At the same time, during previous experiments on pear calyx removal, the research team discovered that the plant hormone PP333, when combined with chemical reagents, has the effect of thinning flowers and fruits during the flowering period of pear trees. Subsequently, they conducted extensive scientific research and experiments on flower and fruit thinning formulas, screening out a stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning compound and summarizing a method for chemical flower and fruit thinning of pears. This method first prepares a solution of the selected pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to standard procedures, then sprays the pear trees with the flower and fruit thinning agent at an appropriate time, and finally sets the fruit by manual thinning. This method allows for quick and labor-saving flower and fruit thinning of pear trees, reducing the labor and labor costs of flower and fruit thinning in pear orchards and improving production efficiency.
[0016] 2. PP333 is a commonly used plant hormone, usually used to preserve flowers and fruits of various fruit trees. Previously, there were no reports on the use of PP333 to produce flower and fruit thinning effects during the flowering period of fruit trees. This application uses PP333 as a flower and fruit thinning agent for pear trees. Compared with the commonly used flower and fruit thinning agents such as sodium α-naphthylacetate, ethephon, metamitron, calcium formate, etc., PP333 can more significantly reduce the inflorescence fruit set rate and flower fruit set rate, and produce the effect of flower and fruit thinning, indicating that PP333 can be used as a flower and fruit thinning agent for pears.
[0017] 3. The present application shows that the combined use of cytokinin 6-BA and PP333 can significantly reduce the inflorescence fruit setting rate and the flower fruit setting rate compared to the use of PP333 or 6-BA alone, indicating that the combined use of appropriate concentrations of plant hormones PP333 and 6-BA can produce a mutually promoting effect on flower and fruit thinning, because PP333 and 6-BA sprayed during the flowering period of pear trees can cooperate with each other to significantly inhibit the germination of pear pollen tubes to reduce the pollination rate of pear flowers, thereby further reducing the inflorescence fruit setting rate and the flower fruit setting rate, producing the effect of flower and fruit thinning.
[0018] 4. The present application uses a certain concentration of urea, KH2PO4, CaCl2, MgSO4 and potassium fulvate in conjunction with the use of a certain concentration during the full flowering period to destroy and wrap the pear flower pistil stigma, reduce the contact between pear pollen and the stigma, and thus further reduce the pollination rate of the pear flowers; when the present flower and fruit thinning agent is used one week after the pear trees are in full flowering, the pear tree leaves begin to grow, and the plant hormones PP333, 6-BA, etc. in appropriate concentrations can provide the hormones and nutrients needed for the growth and development of pollinated pear fruits, provide the nutritional needs for the growth and development of fruit-setting pear fruits, and maintain the stability of the present flower and fruit thinning agent; triethanolamine mainly acts as a surfactant and stabilizer for various hormones and chemical reagents, and can enable the chemical flower and fruit thinning liquid to better adhere to the pear flowers and young pear fruits, thereby better exerting the efficacy of the chemical flower and fruit thinning agent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a picture of a pear fruit with normal fruit setting;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a picture of pear fruit set after spraying a chemical flower and fruit thinning agent on pears;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a picture of a pear orchard being sprayed with a chemical flower and fruit thinning agent during the peak flowering period;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a picture of a pear orchard being sprayed with chemical flower and fruit thinning agents one week after full flowering. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] 1. Preparation and application method of chemical flower and fruit thinning agent for pear
[0026] 1. Preparation of chemical flower and fruit thinning agent for pear
[0027] (1) Formula of chemical flower and fruit thinning agent for pear
[0028] 95% PP333 1g / L+98% 6-BA 200mg / L+99% Urea 1g / L+99.5% KH2PO4 0.5g / L+96% CaCl20.5g / L+99% MgSO4 0.2g / L+99% Potassium fulvic acid 1g / L+2ml / L triethanolamine.
[0029] (2) Preparation method of pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent solution
[0030] For example, to prepare 1L of solution: weigh 1g of 95% PP333, add water and stir to dissolve until the mixture is 100ml; weigh 0.2mg of 98% 6-BA, add 1% dilute hydrochloric acid and stir until dissolved, then add water to 100ml; weigh 1g of 99% urea, add water and stir until dissolved until the mixture is 100ml; weigh 0.5g of 99.5% KH2PO4, add water and stir until dissolved until the mixture is 100ml; weigh 0.5g of 96% CaCl2, add water and stir until dissolved until the mixture is 100ml; weigh 0.2g of 99% MgSO4, add water and stir until dissolved until the mixture is 100ml; then mix all the above solutions together; weigh 1g of 99% potassium fulvate and add 2ml of triethanolamine to the mixture, stirring and dissolving until the mixture is 1L. This is the prepared chemical flower and fruit thinning agent for pear trees. In production, prepare the solution according to the actual amount of solution needed in the pear orchard, following the above preparation method and proportions, and use it immediately.
[0031] 2. Application period and spraying method of pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent
[0032] Use a knapsack sprayer to spray the pear trees once during their peak flowering period (when 50% of the flowers are in bloom), and again one week after full flowering. Spraying should be done in rainless weather with winds below Force 3. Do not spray in rainy weather or with winds above Force 3. Spray the trees from top to bottom and from inside to outside, with the nozzle facing the pear inflorescence.
[0033] 3. Artificial fruit setting
[0034] For excess pear fruit remaining on pear trees after treatment with chemical flower and fruit thinning agents, manual fruit thinning should begin 20 days after flowering, leaving one fruit every 20-30 cm. Following the principle of retaining the best and discarding the worst, retain more fruit in the middle and back, fewer at the tips of branches, more side fruit, and fewer on the back. Remove deformed, diseased, and insect-infested fruit, selecting large fruit with a regular shape and thick, long stems.
[0035] 2. Influencing Factors Test
[0036] 1. Pear tree variety: 'Cui Guan';
[0037] 2. Preparation method of different chemical flower and fruit thinning agents: refer to "Preparation method of chemical flower and fruit thinning agent for pear";
[0038] 3. Experimental results of different chemical flower and fruit thinning agents on the fruit set rate of pear inflorescences and flowers from 2021 to 2024
[0039] Table 1 Effects of chemical flower and fruit thinning agents on the fruit setting rate of pear inflorescences and flowers
[0040]
[0041] As can be seen from Table 1, chemical flower and fruit thinning experiments were carried out on 'Cui Guan' pears using this method (i.e., the chemical flower and fruit thinning agent for pears protected in this application) for four consecutive years from 2021 to 2024. Although the climatic conditions during the flowering period are different each year, causing great changes in the annual inflorescence fruit setting rate and flower fruit setting rate of 'Cui Guan' pears, the effects of different flower and fruit thinning agents on thinning inflorescences and flowers are significantly different, among which the use of 200 mg / L 6-BA and 100 mg / L 6-BA alone has a significant effect on the inflorescence fruit setting rate and flower fruit setting rate. The effect on fruit setting rate was not significant, indicating that increasing the concentration was not the main reason for the flower and fruit thinning effect of 6-BA. This indicates that the combined use of PP333 and 6-BA in this method produced a synergistic effect on the effect of flower and fruit thinning. The inflorescence fruit setting rate and flower fruit setting rate of the main pear variety 'Cui Guan' treated with this method were significantly lower than those of the clear water control and other flower and fruit thinning agent treatments. The proportion of inflorescence thinning was above 20%, and the proportion of flower thinning was above 50%. Fruit thinning saved nearly half of the labor.
[0042] 4. Experimental results of this method on the yield of pear trees per plant and the weight of pear fruits in the peak fruiting period from 2021 to 2024
[0043] Table 2 Effects of chemical flower and fruit thinning agents on the yield per plant and weight of pear fruit at peak fruiting stage
[0044]
[0045] As shown in Table 2, chemical flower and fruit thinning using this method on 'Cui Guan' pear trees for four consecutive years, from 2021 to 2024, did not significantly affect fruit weight and yield per plant. This is primarily because both this method and the naturally pollinated water control treatment were followed by manual fruit thinning, with consistent fruit setting standards. Therefore, chemical flower and fruit thinning using this method had no effect on pear yield.
[0046] 5. Test results of the quality of 'Cui Guan' pear using this method from 2021 to 2024
[0047] Table 3 Effects of chemical flower and fruit thinning agents on soluble solids and stone cells in pear fruit
[0048]
[0049] 6. Test results of soluble sugar and titratable acid in 'Cui Guan' pear fruit using this method from 2021 to 2024
[0050] Table 4 Effects of chemical flower and fruit thinning agents on soluble sugar and titratable acid content in pear fruit
[0051]
[0052]
[0053] As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, the chemical flower and fruit thinning experiments on 'Cui Guan' pears using this method for four consecutive years from 2021 to 2024 significantly increased the soluble solids of 'Cui Guan' pears, increasing the soluble solids content by about 0.5%; there was no significant difference in the effects on the stone cell content, soluble sugar content and titratable acid content of the pulp, indicating that the use of this method will not only ensure the yield of pear trees and increase production efficiency without affecting the quality of pears, but also increase the soluble solids of pears, thereby improving the quality of pears.
[0054] 7. Cost analysis of flower and fruit thinning using this method
[0055] Table 5 Cost analysis of field use of chemical flower and fruit thinning agents
[0056]
[0057] As can be seen from Table 5, the use of chemical fruit thinning agents in this method for flower and fruit thinning increases the cost of the agent and the labor required for field spraying, but overall the labor required for fruit thinning is reduced by 2.75 people per mu and the fruit thinning cost is reduced by 265 yuan per mu.
[0058] Therefore, the method adopts chemical fruit thinning agents to carry out flower and fruit thinning of pear trees, which can reduce labor by 46% and fruit thinning costs by 44%. At the same time, it has no effect on the pear fruit yield and can increase the soluble solid content of the pear fruit, thereby improving the quality of the pear fruit. It effectively solves the bottleneck problems of large labor workload, high labor costs and difficulty in hiring workers in the pear industry for flower and fruit thinning of pear trees, thereby increasing production benefits.
Claims
1. A stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent, characterized in that: Including PP333.
2. A stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a 6-BA.
3. A stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes urea.
4. A stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes KH2PO4, CaCl2 and MgSO4.
5. A stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also included are potassium fulvic acid and triethanolamine.
6. A stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent is as follows: weigh 1g of 95% PP333, add water, stir and dissolve to 100ml, weigh 0.2mg of 98% 6-BA, add 1% dilute hydrochloric acid, stir and dissolve, and add water to 100ml, weigh 1g of 99% urea, add water, stir and dissolve to 100ml, weigh 0.5g of 99.5% KH2PO4, add water, stir and dissolve to 100ml, weigh 0.5g of 96% CaCl2, add water, stir and dissolve to 100ml, weigh 0.2g of 99% MgSO4, add water, stir and dissolve to 100ml, then mix the above-mentioned prepared solutions, then weigh 1g of 99% potassium humate and 2ml of triethanolamine, add them to the mixed solution, and finally stir and dissolve to 1L.
7. A method for using the stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent is sprayed once using a backpack sprayer during the full flowering period of the pear trees, and sprayed again one week after the full flowering period.
8. The application method of a stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: The stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent should be sprayed in rainless weather with wind speed below level 3.
9. The application method of a stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spraying order of the stable pear chemical flower and fruit thinning agent is from the top to the bottom of the pear tree and from the inside to the outside of the pear tree, and the spraying needs to be performed facing the pear inflorescence.