Time-resolved spectral measurement method, device and equipment based on multi-event time-to-digital converter and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a time-resolved spectral measurement method, device and equipment based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter, and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the histogram statistics of photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods through the multi-event time-to-digital converter, the photon signal distribution of the photon signal of the specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods is determined; the multi-event time-to-digital converter carries out delay combination on photon signal distribution in different laser pulse periods so as to determine a photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes. And integrating the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes so as to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected. According to the invention, counting loss or time error caused by dead time can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of single photon counting, and in particular to a time-resolved spectral measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter, a corresponding device, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technology is used in time-resolved fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime detection, and has the advantages of high time resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. The use of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays and time-to-digital converters (TDC) is an efficient, compact and advanced TCSPC solution.

[0003] Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays have a variety of pixel structures. For spectral and fluorescence lifetime detection, a one-dimensional SPAD linear array can complete signal extraction. Separating the photosensitive element and the circuit helps to improve the detection fill factor, such as a 1×128 pixel array or a single-row linear array of more pixels, using 1×128 pixel photosensitive elements to correspond to 1×128 counting and timing circuits outside the pixels. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the count, multi-row linear arrays such as 4×128 arrays, 8×128 arrays or multi-row linear arrays of more pixels are usually used, and the detector signals in the same column are connected in parallel to a time-to-digital converter (TDC) for timing.

[0004] Compared with the method of configuring an independent TDC for a single pixel, the method of using one TDC in parallel for multiple rows of linear array pixels is no different in low-light environments. However, when the light signal is strong, the single-row linear array method is affected by the pileup effect caused by the dead time of the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). The pileup effect refers to the fact that multiple photon signals enter the detector at the same time or very close times, causing the detector to be unable to distinguish each photon signal. In addition, the method of outputting multiple rows of linear arrays in parallel will cause the electrical pulses of multiple single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in parallel to be superimposed into a single pulse with a higher voltage amplitude, which is recognized by the time-to-digital converter (TDC) as a single pulse signal, thereby reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the count and affecting the linear shape of the time life.

[0005] To sum up, in the prior art, when the optical signal is strong, the single-row linear array method is affected by the pileup effect caused by the dead time of the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), and multiple photon signals enter the detector at the same time or very close times, resulting in the detector being unable to distinguish each photon signal. The method of outputting multiple rows of linear arrays in parallel will cause the superposition of multiple electrical pulses, which will be recognized as a single pulse by the time-to-digital converter (TDC), thereby reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the count and affecting the linear shape of the time life. The present application makes corresponding explorations in order to solve this problem. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above-mentioned problem and to provide a time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter, a corresponding device, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium.

[0007] In order to meet the various objectives of this application, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter is proposed to meet one of the purposes of this application, comprising:

[0009] In response to the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement instruction, a pulsed laser is used to emit laser light to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period;

[0010] The synchronous pulse signal is used to trigger a multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, wherein the pixel column corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes receives photon signals of the same wavelength, each column of single-photon avalanche diodes includes a plurality of single-photon avalanche diodes, and the multi-event time-to-digital converter includes a plurality of single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters, and the single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters correspond one-to-one to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes;

[0011] The multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods, so as to determine the photon signal distribution of photon signals of specific wavelengths corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods;

[0012] The multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distribution within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to complete the measurement of the time-resolved spectrum based on the multi-event time-to-digital converter.

[0013] Optionally, the step of using a pulse laser to emit laser light to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period includes:

[0014] The pulse laser emits laser pulses to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to excite the sample to be detected to emit Raman scattering and fluorescence signals, wherein the laser pulse period is determined by the frequency of the laser pulse;

[0015] The Raman scattering and fluorescence signals of the sample to be detected are dispersed and split by the spectral system and then irradiated onto the single photon avalanche diode array.

[0016] Optionally, before the step of using the synchronization pulse signal to trigger a multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, the step includes:

[0017] In response to the spectral system calibration instruction, the spectrometer decomposes the light emitted by the mercury lamp into photon signals of different wavelengths, and maps the photon signals of different wavelengths to the single-photon avalanche diode array, and each wavelength of the photon signal will form a narrow vertical bright stripe on the detection surface to form a plurality of narrow vertical bright stripes, wherein each vertical bright stripe represents a photon signal of one wavelength;

[0018] The single photon avalanche diode array obtains the position of each pixel and its corresponding spectral information to record the brightness information at different positions to form a spectrum diagram;

[0019] Based on the spectrum diagram, a mapping relationship between the photon signal of each wavelength and the pixel column of the single photon avalanche diode array is established to complete the calibration of the spectrum system.

[0020] Optionally, the multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on photon signals responding at different times in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods to determine the photon signal distribution of photon signals of a specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods, including:

[0021] Obtaining the time delay corresponding to each row of pixels in the single photon avalanche diode array;

[0022] Based on the time delay amount corresponding to each row of pixels, the pixel column corresponding to each column of single photon avalanche diodes in the single photon avalanche diode array collects photon events to distinguish photon signals with different time responses;

[0023] The multi-event time-to-digital converter performs time-resolved statistics on the pixel signals corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to generate a statistical histogram, so as to determine the distribution of photon signals in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods, so as to construct the photon lifetime curve.

[0024] Optionally, the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions within the different laser pulse periods to determine a photon lifetime curve corresponding to a photon signal of a specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct a time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, including:

[0025] In each laser pulse cycle, the multi-event time-to-digital converter counts the time distribution of the photon events of each column of the single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array to determine the time decay curve corresponding to the photon signal of each column of the single-photon avalanche diodes;

[0026] The photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the single-photon avalanche diodes in different columns are integrated to determine the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of each wavelength, so as to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected.

[0027] Optionally, the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and after the step of integrating the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, comprises:

[0028] Obtaining photon lifetime curves of different wavelengths in the time-resolved spectrum;

[0029] The photon lifetime curves of the different wavelengths are fitted to determine the fluorescence lifetime of a specific wavelength.

[0030] Optionally, the multi-event time-to-digital converter includes a plurality of single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters, each of the single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters corresponds one-to-one to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, the single-photon avalanche diode array is a 4×128 single-photon avalanche diode array, and the photon signal distribution characterizes the time response pattern of the photon signals received by each column of the single-photon avalanche diode array in each single-photon avalanche diode array during different laser pulse cycles.

[0031] A time-resolved spectroscopy measurement device based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter is provided to meet another purpose of the present application, comprising:

[0032] A pulse signal excitation module is configured to respond to a time-resolved spectral measurement instruction, and uses a pulse laser to emit laser light to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period;

[0033] A photon signal receiving module is configured to use the synchronous pulse signal to trigger a multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, wherein the pixel columns corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes receive photon signals of the same wavelength, and each column of single-photon avalanche diodes includes a plurality of single-photon avalanche diodes;

[0034] The photon signal distribution determination module is configured to perform histogram statistics on the photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods by the multi-event time-to-digital converter to determine the photon signal distribution of the photon signals of a specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods;

[0035] The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement module is configured so that the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the specific wavelengths of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the specific wavelengths of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to complete the measurement of the time-resolved spectrum based on the multi-event time-to-digital converter.

[0036] An electronic device provided to meet another purpose of the present application includes a central processing unit and a memory, wherein the central processing unit is used to call and run a computer program stored in the memory to execute the steps of the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter described in the present application.

[0037] A computer-readable storage medium is provided to meet another purpose of the present application, which stores a computer program implemented according to the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter in the form of computer-readable instructions. When the computer program is called and executed by a computer, the steps included in the corresponding method are executed.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present application aims at the problem that when the optical signal is strong, the single-row linear array method is affected by the pileup effect caused by the dead time of the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), and multiple photon signals enter the detector at the same time or very close times, resulting in the detector being unable to distinguish each photon signal, and the method of outputting multiple rows of linear arrays in parallel will cause the superposition of multiple electrical pulses so that the time digital converter (TDC) recognizes it as a single pulse, thereby reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the count and affecting the line shape of the time life. The present application includes but is not limited to the following beneficial effects:

[0039] First, the present application can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio by adopting a multi-photon response method compared to the traditional direct parallel output method. The reason is that multi-photon response can improve the clarity of the signal at the same signal intensity by effectively increasing the number of photons collected or optimizing the performance of the detector. A high signal-to-noise ratio can effectively reduce the impact of noise and improve the accuracy of signal detection, especially in the detection of weak signals.

[0040] Secondly, the present application increases the interval between signals by delaying multiple signals, effectively overcoming the dead time problem of the multi-event time digital converter (TDC) itself. By delaying the signal processing and increasing the signal interval, it is possible to avoid overlapping of multiple photon events within the dead time, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of multi-event counting, effectively reducing event loss and counting errors, and improving measurement accuracy, which is of great significance in high-frequency signals or high-speed detection systems.

[0041] Third, multiple signals are combined into a single output signal, simplifying the number of interfaces. In traditional systems, each signal may require an independent interface and processing circuit, but this application can reduce hardware complexity by combining signals, thereby reducing costs and improving system maintainability and stability;

[0042] Fourthly, the present application can overcome the dead time effect. By delaying and merging the signals of multiple rows of pixels, the influence of dead time can be effectively avoided. When multiple photons arrive, the signals of different pixels may be interfered by different degrees of dead time. The delay and merging process can accurately adjust and compensate the time information of these signals, reducing the count loss or time error caused by dead time.

[0043] Fifth, the present application can improve time accuracy and detection sensitivity, and delay signal processing and merging can help improve the system's performance in terms of time resolution and sensitivity. In a single-photon counting environment, the system can better recover and reconstruct signals to obtain more accurate timestamps and higher detection sensitivity, especially in measurement tasks that require high time accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0045] Figure 1 An exemplary network architecture used in the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a time-correlated single photon counting Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a multi-event time-to-digital converter performing histogram statistics and delay merging in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of calibrating a spectral system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of time-resolved spectroscopy and photon lifetime measurement in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a principle block diagram of a time-resolved spectroscopy measurement device based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the computer device in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present application.

[0053] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expressly stated, the singular forms "one", "said", and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present application refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0054] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with those in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless specifically defined as here.

[0055] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the "client", "terminal" and "terminal device" used herein include both devices with wireless signal receivers, which are devices with only wireless signal receivers without transmission capabilities, and devices with receiving and transmitting hardware, which are devices with receiving and transmitting hardware capable of two-way communication on a two-way communication link. Such devices may include: cellular or other communication devices such as personal computers, tablet computers, which have single-line displays or multi-line displays or cellular or other communication devices without multi-line displays; PCS (Personal Communications Service, personal communication system), which can combine voice, data processing, fax and / or data communication capabilities; PDA (Personal Digital Assistant, personal digital assistant), which may include a radio frequency receiver, pager, Internet / intranet access, web browser, notepad, calendar and / or GPS (Global Positioning System, global positioning system) receiver; conventional laptop and / or palmtop computers or other devices, which have and / or include a conventional laptop and / or palmtop computer or other device with and / or including a radio frequency receiver. The "client", "terminal" and "terminal device" used herein may be portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle (air, sea and / or land), or suitable for and / or configured to run locally, and / or in a distributed form, at any other location on the earth and / or in space. The "client", "terminal" and "terminal device" used herein may also be a communication terminal, an Internet terminal, a music / video playing terminal, for example, a PDA, a MID (Mobile Internet Device) and / or a mobile phone with a music / video playing function, or a smart TV, a set-top box and other devices.

[0056] The hardware referred to by the names such as "server", "client", and "service node" in this application is essentially an electronic device with the equivalent capabilities of a personal computer. It is a hardware device with the necessary components revealed by the von Neumann principle, such as a central processing unit (including an arithmetic unit and a controller), a memory, an input device, and an output device. The computer program is stored in its memory, and the central processing unit calls the program stored in the external memory into the internal memory for execution, executes the instructions in the program, and interacts with the input and output devices to complete specific functions.

[0057] It should be pointed out that the concept of "server" referred to in this application can also be extended to the case of server clusters. According to the network deployment principle understood by those skilled in the art, the servers should be logically divided. In physical space, these servers can be independent of each other but can be called through interfaces, or integrated into a physical computer or a set of computer clusters. Those skilled in the art should understand this flexibility, and should not use it to restrict the implementation of the network deployment method of this application.

[0058] Unless expressly specified, one or more technical features of the present application can be deployed on a server for implementation and accessed by a client through a remote call to obtain an online service interface provided by the server, or can be directly deployed and run on a client for access.

[0059] The neural network models referenced or may be referenced in this application, unless expressly specified, can be deployed on a remote server and remotely called on the client, or can be deployed and directly called on a client with sufficient device capabilities. In some embodiments, when it runs on the client, its corresponding intelligence can be obtained through transfer learning to reduce the requirements for the client's hardware operating resources and avoid excessive occupation of the client's hardware operating resources.

[0060] Unless explicitly specified, the various data involved in this application can be stored remotely on a server or on a local terminal device, as long as it is suitable for being called by the technical solution of this application.

[0061] Those skilled in the art should be aware that, although the various methods of the present application are described based on the same concept and thus present commonality to each other, unless otherwise specified, these methods can be independently executed. Similarly, for each embodiment disclosed in the present application, they are all proposed based on the same inventive concept, therefore, concepts with the same expression, and concepts that are appropriately changed for convenience despite different expressions, should be understood as equivalent.

[0062] Unless the mutually exclusive relationship between the embodiments to be disclosed in this application is explicitly stated, the relevant technical features involved in each embodiment can be cross-combined to flexibly construct a new embodiment, as long as such combination does not deviate from the creative spirit of this application and can meet the needs of the prior art or solve certain deficiencies in the prior art. Those skilled in the art should be aware of this flexibility.

[0063] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter of the present application includes:

[0064] Step S10, responding to the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement instruction, using a pulsed laser to emit laser light to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period, so as to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period;

[0065] The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement system in the terminal device can respond to the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement instruction, and use a pulsed laser to emit laser light to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period, so as to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period;

[0066] In some embodiments, the step of using a pulsed laser to emit laser light to a sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period includes:

[0067] Step S101, the pulse laser emits laser pulses to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to stimulate the sample to be detected to emit Raman scattering and fluorescence signals, wherein the laser pulse period is determined by the frequency of the laser pulse;

[0068] Step S102: The Raman scattering and fluorescence signals of the sample to be detected are dispersed and split by a spectral system and then irradiated onto the single photon avalanche diode array.

[0069] Specifically, see Figure 2 , build a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy system, the pulse laser 400 emits a pulse laser to the signal acquisition module 500, the pulse repetition rate is f, such as 10Mhz, 20Mhz, etc., and the corresponding laser pulse period is T.

[0070] The signal acquisition module 500 acquires the Raman and fluorescence signals of the sample to be detected, and disperses the photon signal through the spectral system 300, and the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array chip 100 is on the detector image plane, wherein the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array chip 100 includes a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101, a delay unit 102 and a parallel-to-serial conversion unit 103. Assuming that the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 has M rows and N columns of pixels, the delay unit 102 sets the delay amount 0, T / M, 2T / M...(M-1)*T / M. Within the same pulse period T, the multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) chip 200 has a histogram statistics function. The synchronous pulse signal of the pulse laser 400 is used as the Start signal, and the signals of M rows of pixels in the same column are used as photon events (Events) for histogram statistics. Finally, the statistical lifetime curves of the M rows are merged, and the N columns correspond to the photon lifetimes of different wavelengths, so as to obtain the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected and the lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of each wavelength.

[0071] For further examples, see Figure 3 The single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 is a 4×128 single photon avalanche diode array, each column corresponds to the number Row1, Row2...Row128, and each row corresponds to Row1A, Row1B, Row1C and Row1D. In the same pulse cycle of the first column of detectors, Row1A, Row1B, Row1C, and Row1D transmit the photon event signal to the delay unit 102 respectively. After the delay unit 102 delays the signals of Row1A, Row1B, Row1C, and Row1D respectively, the signal is transmitted to the parallel-serial conversion unit 103 and the signal is connected in series. Finally, the multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) chip 200 measures, histograms and delays the signals (triggered and synchronized by the laser synchronization pulse) to obtain the photon lifetime curve of the first column of detectors. Finally, the lifetime curves of the photon signals of different wavelengths counted by the multi-column time-to-digital converters (TDC) are integrated to obtain the time-resolved spectrum or the fluorescence lifetime of a specific wavelength.

[0072] The single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 is a multi-row linear array SPAD detector, wherein a photosensitive unit is in each pixel, the pixel structure does not include a circuit structure, and signals are led out through wires in the gaps between the photosensitive units of each column of pixels.

[0073] The delay unit 102 is a delay implemented on-chip, and its function is to apply the same delay to pixels in the same row to ensure that the minimum and maximum delayed signals are still within one laser cycle and do not interfere with each other.

[0074] The parallel-to-serial conversion unit 103 is implemented on-chip to convert the delayed multi-path detector signals in parallel into serial outputs, and each column of detectors corresponds to a parallel-to-serial conversion unit.

[0075] The multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) chip 200 has time measurement, histogram statistics and delay merging functions, and can be implemented in different ways, such as integrating it on the same chip with the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101, or integrating it into a separate chip and connecting it through packaging, or using FPGA to implement a multi-channel multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC).

[0076] For the photon event signal delayed by the delay unit 102, the multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) chip 200 records it in a multi-event manner, and uses a histogram to count the signals of different laser pulse periods. A single-channel time-to-digital converter (TDC) can obtain the photon lifetime curve of the pixel column of multiple rows of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in the same column. The merging of multiple lifetime curves can be achieved through hardware programs or software to obtain the histogram statistics of the photon events of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs).

[0077] Step S20, using the synchronization pulse signal to trigger a multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, wherein the pixel columns corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes receive photon signals of the same wavelength, and each column of single-photon avalanche diodes includes a plurality of single-photon avalanche diodes;

[0078] A pulse laser is used to emit laser to a sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period, and then the synchronous pulse signal is used to trigger a multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in a single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, wherein the pixel column corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes receives photon signals of the same wavelength, and each column of single-photon avalanche diodes includes multiple single-photon avalanche diodes; the multi-event time-to-digital converter includes multiple single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters, and the single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters correspond one-to-one to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and the single-photon avalanche diode array is a 4×128 single-photon avalanche diode array.

[0079] In some embodiments, before the step of using the synchronization pulse signal to trigger the multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single photon avalanche diodes in the single photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, the method includes:

[0080] Step S201, in response to the spectral system calibration instruction, the spectrometer decomposes the light emitted by the mercury lamp into photon signals of different wavelengths, and maps the photon signals of different wavelengths to the single-photon avalanche diode array, and each wavelength of the photon signal will form a narrow vertical bright stripe on the detection surface to form a plurality of narrow vertical bright stripes, wherein each vertical bright stripe represents a photon signal of one wavelength;

[0081] Step S202, the single photon avalanche diode array obtains the position of each pixel and its corresponding spectral information, so as to record the brightness information of different positions to form a spectrum diagram;

[0082] Step S203: Based on the spectrum diagram, a mapping relationship between the photon signal of each wavelength and the pixel column of the single photon avalanche diode array is established to complete the calibration of the spectrum system.

[0083] Specifically, see Figure 4 , the spectral system is calibrated using a mercury lamp calibration light source. The mercury lamp image plane spectrum 301 corresponds to a narrow vertical bright line for each wavelength on the detection surface. At the same time, the spectrum diagram 302 corresponding to the pixel position is obtained. The spectral system is adjusted to ensure Figure 2 The single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 is placed at a suitable position of the mercury lamp image plane spectrum 301 to determine the spectral range. Since the spectrum of the mercury lamp is known, the correspondence between a specific wavelength and a pixel row can be established. At the same time, the pixels in the same row are photon signals of the same wavelength.

[0084] The spectrometer decomposes the light generated by the mercury lamp into photon signals of different wavelengths, forming a series of very narrow vertical bright stripes. These vertical bright stripes correspond to photon signals of different wavelengths on the detection surface. Then, a spectrum graph is obtained by recording and analyzing these vertical bright stripes. Based on the spectrum graph, a mapping relationship between the photon signal of each wavelength and the pixel column of the single photon avalanche diode array is established. The single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 is composed of multiple pixels, which are distributed in different rows and columns. The pixels in each column usually correspond to a specific wavelength range. By using a mercury lamp to calibrate the spectrum system, the correspondence between each column of pixels and a specific wavelength can be determined.

[0085] By establishing a correspondence between wavelength and pixel column, that is, the light signal received by each column of pixels corresponds to a specific wavelength, the position of the spectral system is adjusted to ensure a suitable spectral range, thereby ensuring that each pixel column in the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 receives photon signals of different wavelengths.

[0086] Step S30, the multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on the photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods to determine the photon signal distribution of the photon signals of a specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods;

[0087] After using the synchronous pulse signal to trigger the multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, the multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on the photon signals with different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods to determine the photon signal distribution of the photon signals of specific wavelengths corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods, wherein the photon signal distribution characterizes the time response pattern of the photon signals received by each column of the single-photon avalanche diode array in each single-photon avalanche diode array within different laser pulse periods.

[0088] In a specific embodiment, the multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods to determine the photon signal distribution of photon signals of a specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods, including:

[0089] Step S301, obtaining the time delay corresponding to each row of pixels in the single photon avalanche diode array;

[0090] Step S302: based on the time delay corresponding to each row of pixels, the pixel column corresponding to each column of single photon avalanche diodes in the single photon avalanche diode array collects photon events to distinguish photon signals with different time responses;

[0091] Step S303, the multi-event time-to-digital converter performs time-resolved statistics on the pixel signals corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to generate a statistical histogram, so as to determine the distribution of photon signals in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods, so as to construct the photon lifetime curve.

[0092] Specifically, in the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101, each column contains multiple single photon avalanche diodes, and usually these single photon avalanche diodes are arranged on different rows in the same column. For example, if there is a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array with M rows and N columns, then each column contains M detectors (each detector is located on a different row).

[0093] Each single-photon avalanche diode (for example, in the 1st row, the 2nd row, and the Mth row) receives light signals within the same wavelength range because they all belong to the same column of pixels. The main difference between these different rows lies in the time difference of their detection signals, that is, the delay amount (0, T / M, 2T / M, etc.) set by the delay unit 102. The delay unit controls the time response of each single-photon avalanche diode so that their collected signals within the same pulse period T are staggered in time, thereby realizing multi-event statistics.

[0094] Since the photon signals of the M single-photon avalanche diodes in each column have different time delays (0, T / M, 2T / M...), the single-photon avalanche diodes in the same column can collect signals at different time points respectively. This makes it possible to use these single-photon avalanche diodes to conduct time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) experiments and obtain photon lifetime information of different wavelengths.

[0095] Each column of pixels in the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 corresponds to a photon of a specific wavelength, and each detector receives a different time distribution of the light signal of this wavelength. By counting and merging the signals of all M detectors in each column, a photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of this wavelength can be obtained.

[0096] Step S40, the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distribution within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to complete the measurement of the time-resolved spectrum based on the multi-event time-to-digital converter.

[0097] The multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on the photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods to determine the photon signal distribution of a specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods. After that, the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distribution within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes. The photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes is integrated to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to complete the measurement of the time-resolved spectrum based on the multi-event time-to-digital converter.

[0098] In some embodiments, the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and the step of integrating the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected includes:

[0099] Step S401, within each laser pulse cycle, the multi-event time-to-digital converter counts the time distribution of the photon events of each column of the single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array to determine the time decay curve corresponding to the photon signal of each column of the single-photon avalanche diodes;

[0100] Step S402, integrating the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the single-photon avalanche diodes in different columns, determining the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of each wavelength, so as to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected.

[0101] Specifically, within the pulse cycle of the pulse laser, the multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) chip 200 uses the synchronous pulse of the pulse laser as the start signal (Start), and then performs histogram statistics on the signals (Events) of the M detectors in each column in different time periods. In this way, the signals of the M rows of detectors in the same column will be synthesized into a complete time-resolved spectrum.

[0102] Each of the N columns corresponds to a photon signal of a different wavelength. Therefore, the system can obtain time-resolved spectral data and simultaneously perform statistics on the photon lifetime of each wavelength, and finally obtain photon lifetime curves of different wavelengths to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected.

[0103] More specifically, the single-photon avalanche diodes in the same column receive optical signals within the same wavelength range; these single-photon avalanche diodes are located on different rows and achieve time staggering through different delay amounts; multiple single-photon avalanche diodes in each column collect signals within the same pulse period, and finally synthesize the time-resolved spectrum of the wavelength, and combine it with other columns (corresponding to other wavelengths) to obtain complete time-resolved spectral data.

[0104] In a further embodiment, the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and after the step of integrating the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, comprises:

[0105] Step S4001, obtaining photon lifetime curves of different wavelengths in the time-resolved spectrum;

[0106] Step S4002: Fitting the photon lifetime curves of the different wavelengths to determine the fluorescence lifetime of a specific wavelength.

[0107] Specifically, the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array 101 will perform histogram statistics on the photon signal at each moment in the laser pulse cycle. By counting the number of photons received at different times, a time-counting curve of the time-resolved spectrum can be constructed. This curve reflects the attenuation characteristics of the fluorescence emission at different time points. The response data of each column of the single photon avalanche diode will form the time distribution of the photon signal of the wavelength and reveal the time characteristics of the fluorescence decay. The fluorescence lifetime is usually determined by the decay process of this time distribution, and the decay rate is inversely proportional to the lifetime of the fluorescence. By processing the time-resolved spectrum, a photon lifetime curve for each wavelength can be obtained. This curve is usually obtained by fitting the decay curve of the photon signal, and different mathematical models (such as exponential decay models) can be used for fitting.

[0108] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 In the time-resolved spectroscopy and photon lifetime measurement, a 4×128 single-photon avalanche diode array is used as a photon counting detector. The four single-photon avalanche diodes in the first column correspond to Row1A, Row1B, Row1C, and Row1D, with a total of 128 columns. The laser pulse laser pulse period is T to emit laser, and a synchronous pulse signal is given at the same time. Within the pulse period of the laser pulse period T, a single-column multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) uses the synchronous pulse signal as the Start signal. The photon signals detected by the first column single-photon avalanche diodes Row1A, Row1B, Row1C, and Row1D are received as different Events by the single-column multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) after different delays. Subsequently, the multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) performs histogram statistics on signals of different periods to obtain the lifetime curves of the photons detected by the four detectors superimposed in time. Finally, the histogram statistics of the single-column multi-event time-to-digital converter (TDC) delays and merges the curves of the four rows in the same column. Since the photon signal is dispersed after passing through the slit of the spectrometer, the single-photon avalanche diodes Row1A, Row1B, Row1C, and Row1D in the same row have similar photon distributions, that is, the detectors in the same row correspond to photon signals of the same wavelength. According to the lifetime curve and count distribution of the detectors in this row, the information of multiple rows is finally integrated to obtain the time-resolved spectrum or the fluorescence lifetime of a specific wavelength.

[0109] It can be seen from the above embodiments that, compared with the prior art, the present application aims at the problem that when the optical signal is strong, the single-row linear array method is affected by the pileup effect caused by the dead time of the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), and multiple photon signals enter the detector at the same time or very close times, resulting in the detector being unable to distinguish each photon signal, and the method of outputting multiple rows of linear arrays in parallel will cause the superposition of multiple electrical pulses, which makes the time digital converter (TDC) recognize it as a single pulse, thereby reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the count and affecting the linear shape of the time life. The present application includes but is not limited to the following beneficial effects:

[0110] First, the present application can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio by adopting a multi-photon response method compared to the traditional direct parallel output method. The reason is that multi-photon response can improve the clarity of the signal at the same signal intensity by effectively increasing the number of photons collected or optimizing the performance of the detector. A high signal-to-noise ratio can effectively reduce the impact of noise and improve the accuracy of signal detection, especially in the detection of weak signals.

[0111] Secondly, the present application increases the interval between signals by delaying multiple signals, effectively overcoming the dead time problem of the multi-event time digital converter (TDC) itself. By delaying the signal processing and increasing the signal interval, it is possible to avoid overlapping of multiple photon events within the dead time, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of multi-event counting, effectively reducing event loss and counting errors, and improving measurement accuracy, which is of great significance in high-frequency signals or high-speed detection systems.

[0112] Third, multiple signals are combined into a single output signal, simplifying the number of interfaces. In traditional systems, each signal may require an independent interface and processing circuit, but this application can reduce hardware complexity by combining signals, thereby reducing costs and improving system maintainability and stability;

[0113] Fourthly, the present application can overcome the dead time effect. By delaying and merging the signals of multiple rows of pixels, the influence of dead time can be effectively avoided. When multiple photons arrive, the signals of different pixels may be interfered by different degrees of dead time. The delay and merging process can accurately adjust and compensate the time information of these signals, reducing the count loss or time error caused by dead time.

[0114] Fifth, the present application can improve time accuracy and detection sensitivity, and delay signal processing and merging can help improve the system's performance in terms of time resolution and sensitivity. In a single-photon counting environment, the system can better recover and reconstruct signals to obtain more accurate timestamps and higher detection sensitivity, especially in measurement tasks that require high time accuracy.

[0115] See also Figure 6 A time-resolved spectral measurement device based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter is provided to meet one of the purposes of the present application, including a pulse signal excitation module 1100, a photon signal receiving module 1200, a photon signal distribution determination module 1300 and a time-resolved spectral measurement module 1400. Among them, the pulse signal excitation module 1100 is configured to respond to the time-resolved spectral measurement instruction, and use a pulse laser to emit laser to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine the synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period; the photon signal receiving module 1200 is configured to use the synchronous pulse signal to trigger the multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, wherein the pixel column corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes receives photon signals of the same wavelength, and each column of single-photon avalanche diodes includes multiple single-photon avalanche diodes; the photon signal distribution determination module 1300 is configured as the multi-event time-to-digital converter A histogram is performed on the photon signals responding at different times in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods to determine the photon signal distribution of the photon signals of the specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes within different laser pulse periods; a time-resolved spectral measurement module 1400 is configured so that the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and merges the photon signal distribution within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes is integrated to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to complete the measurement of the time-resolved spectrum based on the multi-event time-to-digital converter.

[0116] Based on any embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 7 Another embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, which can be implemented by a computer device, such as Figure 7As shown, a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a computer device. The computer device includes a processor, a computer-readable storage medium, a memory, and a network interface connected via a system bus. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system, a database, and computer-readable instructions. The database may store a control information sequence. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor can implement a time-resolved spectral measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire computer device. The memory of the computer device may store computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor can execute the time-resolved spectral measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter of the present application. The network interface of the computer device is used to connect and communicate with a terminal. Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 7 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0117] In this embodiment, the processor is used to execute Figure 6 The memory stores the program code and various data required to execute the above modules or submodules. The network interface is used to transmit data between user terminals or servers. The memory in this embodiment stores the program code and data required to execute all modules / submodules in the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement device based on multi-event time-to-digital converter of this application, and the server can call the program code and data of the server to execute the functions of all submodules.

[0118] The present application also provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors execute the steps of the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter described in any embodiment of the present application.

[0119] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by one or more processors, implements the steps of the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter described in any embodiment of the present application.

[0120] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, the aforementioned storage medium can be a computer-readable storage medium such as a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

[0121] The above is only a partial implementation method of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

[0122] In summary, the present application can improve time accuracy and detection sensitivity, and delay signal processing and merging can help improve the system's performance in terms of time resolution and sensitivity. In the single photon counting environment, the system can better recover and reconstruct the signal, thereby obtaining a more accurate timestamp and higher detection sensitivity, especially in measurement tasks that require high time accuracy.

Claims

1. A time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter, characterized in that: include: In response to the time-resolved spectroscopy measurement instruction, a pulsed laser is used to emit laser light to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period; The synchronous pulse signal is used to trigger a multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, wherein the pixel column corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes receives photon signals of the same wavelength, each column of single-photon avalanche diodes includes a plurality of single-photon avalanche diodes, and the multi-event time-to-digital converter includes a plurality of single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters, and the single-column multi-event time-to-digital converters correspond one-to-one to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes; The multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods, so as to determine the photon signal distribution of photon signals of specific wavelengths corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods; The multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distribution within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to complete the measurement of the time-resolved spectrum based on the multi-event time-to-digital converter.

2. The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multiple event time-to-digital converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of using a pulse laser to emit laser light to a sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period includes: The pulse laser emits laser pulses to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to excite the sample to be detected to emit Raman scattering and fluorescence signals, wherein the laser pulse period is determined by the frequency of the laser pulse; The Raman scattering and fluorescence signals of the sample to be detected are dispersed and split by the spectral system and then irradiated onto the single photon avalanche diode array.

3. The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multiple event time-to-digital converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Before the step of using the synchronous pulse signal to trigger the multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, the method includes: In response to the spectral system calibration instruction, the spectrometer decomposes the light emitted by the mercury lamp into photon signals of different wavelengths, and maps the photon signals of different wavelengths to the single-photon avalanche diode array, and each wavelength of the photon signal will form a narrow vertical bright stripe on the detection surface to form a plurality of narrow vertical bright stripes, wherein each vertical bright stripe represents a photon signal of one wavelength; The single photon avalanche diode array obtains the position of each pixel and its corresponding spectral information to record the brightness information at different positions to form a spectrum diagram; Based on the spectrum diagram, a mapping relationship between the photon signal of each wavelength and the pixel column of the single photon avalanche diode array is established to complete the calibration of the spectrum system.

4. The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multiple event time-to-digital converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-event time-to-digital converter performs histogram statistics on photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse cycles to determine the photon signal distribution of photon signals of specific wavelengths corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse cycles, including: Obtaining the time delay corresponding to each row of pixels in the single photon avalanche diode array; Based on the time delay amount corresponding to each row of pixels, the pixel column corresponding to each column of single photon avalanche diodes in the single photon avalanche diode array collects photon events to distinguish photon signals with different time responses; The multi-event time-to-digital converter performs time-resolved statistics on the pixel signals corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to generate a statistical histogram, so as to determine the distribution of photon signals in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods, so as to construct the photon lifetime curve.

5. The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multiple event time-to-digital converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions in different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, including: In each laser pulse cycle, the multi-event time-to-digital converter counts the time distribution of the photon events of each column of the single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array to determine the time decay curve corresponding to the photon signal of each column of the single-photon avalanche diodes; The photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the single-photon avalanche diodes in different columns are integrated to determine the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of each wavelength, so as to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected.

6. The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multiple event time-to-digital converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions in different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curve corresponding to the photon signal of the specific wavelength of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, including: Obtaining photon lifetime curves of different wavelengths in the time-resolved spectrum; The photon lifetime curves of the different wavelengths are fitted to determine the fluorescence lifetime of a specific wavelength.

7. The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement method based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The single-photon avalanche diode array is a 4×128 single-photon avalanche diode array, and the photon signal distribution represents the time response pattern of the photon signal received by each column of the single-photon avalanche diode array in each single-photon avalanche diode array during different laser pulse cycles.

8. A time-resolved spectroscopy measurement device based on a multi-event time-to-digital converter, characterized in that: include: A pulse signal excitation module is configured to respond to a time-resolved spectral measurement instruction, and uses a pulse laser to emit laser light to the sample to be detected according to a preset laser pulse period to determine a synchronous pulse signal corresponding to the laser pulse period; A photon signal receiving module is configured to use the synchronous pulse signal to trigger a multi-event time-to-digital converter to receive photon signals with different time responses corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in the single-photon avalanche diode array within the laser pulse period, wherein the pixel columns corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes receive photon signals of the same wavelength, and each column of single-photon avalanche diodes includes a plurality of single-photon avalanche diodes; The photon signal distribution determination module is configured to perform histogram statistics on the photon signals of different time responses in each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods by the multi-event time-to-digital converter to determine the photon signal distribution of the photon signals of a specific wavelength corresponding to each column of single-photon avalanche diodes in different laser pulse periods; The time-resolved spectroscopy measurement module is configured so that the multi-event time-to-digital converter delays and combines the photon signal distributions within the different laser pulse periods to determine the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the specific wavelengths of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes, and integrates the photon lifetime curves corresponding to the photon signals of the specific wavelengths of each column of single-photon avalanche diodes to construct the time-resolved spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to complete the measurement of the time-resolved spectrum based on the multi-event time-to-digital converter.

9. An electronic device, comprising a central processing unit and a memory, characterized in that: The central processing unit is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory to execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: It stores a computer program implemented according to the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in the form of computer-readable instructions, and when the computer program is called and executed by a computer, the steps included in the corresponding method are executed.

Images