The invention discloses a layered collection and preservation device for deep lake water samples, which comprises a frame assembly, a sampling and preservation device, a transmission device, a power device and a flow guide device, the frame assembly is fixedly connected with the sampling and preservation device, one side of the sampling and preservation device is communicated with one side of the transmission device, one side of the transmission device is in fastening connection with one side of the frame assembly, the frame assembly is in fastening connection with the power device, the frame assembly comprises a frame, a flow guide device is arranged on the outer ring of the frame, the frame is in fastening connection with the flow guide device, and the power device comprises a sedimentation assembly and a jacking assembly. The bottom side of the sedimentation assembly is fixedly connected with the upper end of the frame, the upper side of the jacking assembly is fixedly connected with the lower end of the frame, a fixing groove is formed in the cylinder body, a transverse plate is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder body and fixedly connected with the cylinder body, a bottom plate is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder body, and the outer circle face of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the fixing groove.