Storage cabin capable of storing ultralow-temperature liquid hydrogen

Abstract

A storage cabin capable of storing ultralow-temperature liquid hydrogen is provided with a cylindrical inner cabin, the inner cabin is supported and fixed in an outer cabin through a filling layer, the inner cabin and the outer cabin form a filling layer space, and the filling layer space is filled with low-temperature LNG or low-temperature liquid nitrogen. The inner cabin is composed of an inner cabin outer wall and an inner cabin inner wall, the inner cabin outer wall and the inner cabin inner wall form a vacuum layer, and the vacuum layer is filled with perlite and vacuumized. A double-layer compartment is arranged, an insulating layer is laid on an outer compartment, an inner compartment is of a vacuum double-wall heat insulation structure, and the space between the inner compartment and the outer compartment is filled with LNG or liquid nitrogen with the temperature close to that of liquid hydrogen. According to the scheme, the ultralow-temperature liquid state maintenance of-163 DEG C LNG or-196 DEG C liquid ammonia medium is easily realized through a mature reliquefaction system, so that the liquid state maintenance of the ultralow-temperature-253 DEG C liquid hydrogen medium is indirectly ensured, the heat transfer between the liquid hydrogen cabin and the external environment can be greatly reduced, and the technical difficulty and the technical cost of ultralow-temperature storage of the liquid hydrogen are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of design and construction of ship liquid hydrogen storage tanks, and in particular relates to a storage tank capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen. Background Art

[0002] As the international community's requirements for the green level of ships are increasing, countries around the world are actively developing various energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies. Researching clean, efficient and sustainable new energy propulsion technologies has become an important development direction for green ships. Hydrogen fuel is considered to be one of the most promising technical means and the best zero-carbon fuel.

[0003] However, the storage problem of hydrogen fuel is still a key technical problem that plagues its application as marine fuel. Even if hydrogen is compressed to 15MPa, or even 35 or 70MPa, its storage energy per unit volume is much lower than liquid hydrogen storage, and it is difficult to solve the problem of large-volume and high-pressure storage. Comparing liquid hydrogen storage and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage in terms of energy storage density alone, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage is a more ideal method.

[0004] Hydrogen is a gas or cryogenic liquid with one of the lowest melting and boiling points of any element except helium. To obtain liquid hydrogen, the fuel must be stored below -253°C, which requires a high energy input. Other common gases or compounds will liquefy or solidify upon contact at this temperature and should be kept away from liquefied or cryogenic hydrogen. Human contact with cryogenic materials or uninsulated tanks, pipes or valves may result in cold burns or severe skin damage.

[0005] Therefore, ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen storage is a technical problem that the current shipping industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a storage cabin that can store ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen. The storage cabin has an inner cabin and an outer cabin structure, and the outer surface of the outer cabin is provided with an insulation layer; the inner cabin is a liquid hydrogen storage cabin, and the inner cabin is a double-layer vacuum insulation structure. Low-temperature LNG or low-temperature liquid nitrogen is filled between the inner and outer cabins to achieve deep cold insulation between the inner and outer cabins. When filled with low-temperature LNG, it can be used for fuel-powered ships that co-combust hydrogen and LNG; when filled with liquid nitrogen, it can be used for liquid hydrogen transport ships. A vacuum layer support structure is provided between the inner and outer cabins according to the structural characteristics of the inner and outer cabins to ensure the safety of the cabin structure. The technical solution adopted is: A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen comprises a cylindrical inner cabin and a cylindrical outer cabin, wherein the inner cabin is fixed inside the outer cabin by a filling layer support, a filling layer space is formed between the outer cabin and the inner cabin, the filling layer support comprises an inner supporting layer and an outer supporting layer, the inner supporting layer is an arc-shaped conforming to the outer surface of the inner cabin, the outer supporting layer is an arc-shaped conforming to the inner surface of the outer cabin, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are fixed between the inner supporting layer and the outer supporting layer, and the filling layer support is an arc-shaped of 120° to 150° as a whole.

[0007] The inner cabin has double-layer bulkheads, namely the outer wall of the inner cabin and the inner wall of the inner cabin. There is a distance between the outer wall of the inner cabin and the inner wall of the inner cabin, and a vacuum layer is formed between the outer wall of the inner cabin and the inner wall of the inner cabin. Along the circumference of the vacuum layer, multiple vacuum layer supporting structures are fixed in the vacuum layer, and the vacuum layer is filled with perlite and evacuated.

[0008] The supporting structure comprises a supporting top plate and a supporting bottom plate, the supporting top plate and the supporting bottom plate are connected by reinforcing ribs, the vacuum layer supporting structure is arranged along the length direction of the storage tank, and the length of the vacuum layer supporting structure is the same as the length of the straight section of the storage tank.

[0009] In the filling layer space, two anti-floating devices are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer wall of the inner cabin. The anti-floating devices include an upper anti-floating plate and a lower anti-floating plate. One end of the upper anti-floating plate is fixed on the inner wall of the outer cabin, and the other end is suspended in the air. One end of the lower anti-floating plate is fixed on the outer wall of the inner cabin, and the other end is suspended in the air. Laminated wood is glued and pressed between the upper anti-floating plate and the lower anti-floating plate, and the space between the outer cabin and the outer wall of the inner cabin is filled with low-temperature LNG or low-temperature liquid nitrogen.

[0010] The above-mentioned storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, further, has two vacuum layer support structures placed in the upper half of the inner cylinder section, the angle between the center of the vacuum layer support structure and the horizontal line is 40~45°; four vacuum layer support structures are placed in the lower half of the inner cylinder section, two of which have an angle between the center of the vacuum layer support structure and the horizontal line of 30~40°, and the angle between the center line of the two vacuum layer support structures and the vertical direction is 20~30°.

[0011] The above-mentioned storage cabin that can store ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, further, has a square outer cabin, and an anti-sway bulkhead is arranged in the middle of the outer cabin, the anti-sway bulkhead divides the outer cabin into two spaces, each of which has an inner cabin fixed therein, and a filling layer space is formed between the outer cabin and the inner cabin, the second filling layer support is located in the filling layer space, the inner supporting layer of the second filling layer support is an arc shape that is compatible with the outer surface of the inner cabin, and the outer supporting layer of the second filling layer support is an inverted trapezoid, which is placed on the inner wall of the outer cabin.

[0012] The above-mentioned storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, further, has an insulating layer filled between the inner wall of the outer cabin and the outer wall of the outer cabin.

[0013] The above-mentioned storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, further, has a vacuum layer supporting structure with a cross-section of II, which is a frame structure, and its overall structure fits the curvature of the outer wall of the inner cabin and the inner wall of the inner cabin.

[0014] The above-mentioned storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, further, has a supporting layer in an arc shape of 120° to 150°.

[0015] The above-mentioned storage cabin that can store ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, further, has an inner cabin of a C-type cabin.

[0016] The above-mentioned storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, further, the outer cabin is arranged below the deck of the ship, and the outer wall of the outer cabin can be replaced by the inner shell hull structure of the ship.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: A double-layer compartment setting is adopted, with an insulating layer laid on the outer compartment and a vacuum double-wall insulation structure on the inner compartment. LNG or liquid nitrogen with a temperature close to that of liquid hydrogen is filled between the inner and outer compartments. Considering the high technical difficulty and high energy consumption in directly maintaining the liquid state of liquid hydrogen, this scheme easily achieves the ultra-low temperature liquid state maintenance of -163℃ LNG or -196℃ liquid ammonia medium through a mature reliquefaction system, thereby indirectly ensuring the liquid state maintenance of the ultra-low temperature -253℃ liquid hydrogen medium, which can greatly reduce the heat transfer between the liquid hydrogen compartment and the external environment, facilitate the ultra-low temperature storage of liquid hydrogen, and reduce the technical difficulty and technical cost of ultra-low temperature storage of liquid hydrogen.

[0018] This technical solution is very applicable to liquid hydrogen fuel-powered ships, liquid hydrogen transport ships, liquid hydrogen refueling ships, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the inner cabin when the outer cabin is cylindrical; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vacuum layer support structure; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 An enlarged structural diagram of the suspension float device; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filling layer support; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen storage cabin when the outer cabin is square; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention arranged in a large liquid hydrogen transport ship or a bunkering ship; Among them, 1-vacuum layer, 2-filling layer space, 3-anti-floating device, 4-filling layer support, 5-vacuum layer support structure, 6-insulating layer, 7-outer wall of outer cabin, 8-inner wall of outer cabin, 9-inner wall of inner cabin, 10-outer wall of inner cabin, 11-upper anti-floating plate, 12-laminated wood, 13-lower anti-floating plate, 14-reinforcement ribs, 15-inner supporting layer, 16-outer supporting layer, 17-anti-sway bulkhead, 18-second filling layer support, 19-support top plate, 20-support bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the inner cabin is a C-type cylindrical shape, and is composed of an inner cabin inner wall, an inner cabin outer wall, an inner cabin vacuum layer, and a vacuum layer supporting structure.

[0022] Among them, the inner wall of the inner cabin realizes the storage and containment of liquid hydrogen medium.

[0023] LNG liquid or liquid nitrogen is injected between the outer wall of the inner tank and the inner wall of the outer tank.

[0024] The inner cabin vacuum insulation interlayer is the annular space between the inner wall and the outer wall of the inner cabin. This space will be filled with perlite and evacuated to achieve high-performance insulation in an ultra-low temperature environment, ensure ultra-low temperature storage of liquid hydrogen, and reduce the generation of evaporation gas of liquid hydrogen.

[0025] Vacuum layer support structure, such as Figure 2 As shown, its material is a material with good low thermal conductivity and low temperature performance, such as stainless steel. The overall shape is II, and the length can run through the storage tank, or it can be designed in a segmented lightweight manner in the axial direction of the tank body according to the stress calculation results. The vacuum layer support structure plays a structural radial support role between the inner wall of the inner cabin and the outer wall of the inner cabin. Preferably, two vacuum layer support structures are placed in the upper half of the inner cylinder section of the inner cabin, and the angle between the center of the vacuum layer support structure and the horizontal line is 40~45°; four vacuum layer support structures are placed in the lower half of the inner cylinder section of the inner cabin, of which the center of the two vacuum layer support structures is 30~40° with the horizontal line, and the center line of the two vacuum layer support structures is 20~30° with the vertical direction.

[0026] The outer wall of the outer cabin is in contact with the atmospheric environment. An insulating layer is filled between the outer wall and the inner wall of the outer cabin, and the insulating layer achieves heat insulation and heat preservation effects, ensuring the cold preservation effect of the LNG or liquid ammonia medium injected into the outer cabin and reducing the generated volatile gas.

[0027] A filling layer space is formed between the outer wall of the inner cabin and the inner wall of the outer cabin, and the filling layer space is filled with LNG or liquid nitrogen medium in the inner wall of the outer cabin. LNG or liquid ammonia medium is used as the intermediate cooling medium for ultra-low temperature storage of liquid hydrogen. Considering that it is technically difficult and energy-intensive to directly maintain the liquid state of liquid hydrogen, this solution easily achieves the ultra-low temperature liquid state maintenance of -163℃ LNG or -196℃ liquid ammonia medium through a mature reliquefaction system, thereby indirectly ensuring the liquid state maintenance of the ultra-low temperature -253℃ liquid hydrogen medium.

[0028] The anti-floating device and the filling layer support located between the outer wall of the inner cabin and the inner wall of the outer cabin realize the vertical support and limit of the inner cabin, ensuring the safe placement of the inner cabin in the outer cabin. Figure 3 As shown, two anti-floating devices are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer wall of the inner cabin. The anti-floating devices include an upper anti-floating plate and a lower anti-floating plate. One end of the upper anti-floating plate is fixed on the inner wall of the outer cabin, and the other end is suspended. One end of the lower anti-floating plate is fixed on the outer wall of the inner cabin, and the other end is suspended. Laminated wood or a composite material with equivalent performance for leveling and supporting insulation is sandwiched between the upper anti-floating plate and the lower anti-floating plate. The anti-floating device is arranged above the horizontal axis of the inner and outer cabins. The filling layer support is arranged below the horizontal axis of the inner and outer cabins, mainly to realize the vertical support function for the inner cabin.

[0029] Support structure such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the support structure has a support top plate and a support bottom plate, the support top plate and the support bottom plate are connected by reinforcing ribs, the support structure is arranged along the length direction of the tank, and the length of the support structure is the same as the length of the straight section of the tank. Figure 4 As shown, its material is the same as the vacuum layer support structure, and the overall arc shape is 120° to 150°. There are multiple reinforcing ribs between the inner support layer and the outer support layer. The length of the ribs can also run through the storage tank, and can also be designed in sections in the axial direction of the tank body according to the stress calculation results.

[0030] With this technical solution, an outer cabin saddle can be set at the bottom of the outer side of the outer cabin outer wall, and the ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen storage tank can be arranged above the deck or below the deck, which is similar to the traditional C-type LNG storage tank layout. It has flexible layout and strong adaptability, and is especially suitable for liquid hydrogen fuel-powered ships and small and medium-sized liquid hydrogen transport ships or small and medium-sized liquid hydrogen refueling ships.

[0031] In order to better adapt to the ship size and maximize the use of the outer tank below the ship deck, the outer wall of the outer tank can be replaced by the ship's inner shell hull structure to use the hull capacity. The present invention proposes a layout scheme for arranging ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen storage tanks side by side, such as Figure 5 As shown, the scheme is Figure 1 An extension of the technical solution shown.

[0032] The outer cabin is square and the inner cabin is C-shaped. A sway-stopping bulkhead is installed inside the outer cabin. The sway-stopping bulkhead is arranged in the middle of the outer cabin, dividing the inner space of the outer cabin into two spaces on the left and right sides, each of which is equipped with an inner cabin. With this technical solution, the outer cabin needs to be arranged below the ship deck, and the outer wall of the outer cabin can be replaced by the inner shell hull structure of the ship.

[0033] This solution is particularly suitable for larger liquid hydrogen transport ships or bunkering ships, and is also suitable for liquid hydrogen fuel-powered ships with high liquid hydrogen fuel volume requirements. Figure 6 shown.

Claims

1. A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen, characterized in that: There are a cylindrical inner cabin and a cylindrical outer cabin, the inner cabin is fixed inside the outer cabin through a filling layer support (4), a filling layer space (2) is formed between the outer cabin and the inner cabin, the filling layer support has an inner support layer (15) and an outer support layer (16), the inner support layer is an arc-shaped layer that fits the outer surface of the inner cabin, the outer support layer is an arc-shaped layer that fits the inner surface of the outer cabin, a plurality of reinforcing ribs (14) are fixed between the inner support layer and the outer support layer, and the filling layer support is an arc-shaped layer that is 120° to 150° as a whole; The inner cabin has double-layer bulkheads, namely, an inner cabin outer wall (10) and an inner cabin inner wall (9). There is a gap between the inner cabin outer wall and the inner cabin inner wall. A vacuum layer (1) is formed between the inner cabin outer wall and the inner cabin inner wall. A plurality of vacuum layer support structures (5) are fixed in the vacuum layer along the circumference of the vacuum layer. The vacuum layer is filled with perlite and evacuated. The support structure comprises a support top plate (19) and a support bottom plate (20), the support top plate and the support bottom plate are connected by reinforcing ribs, the vacuum layer support structure is arranged along the length direction of the storage tank, and the length of the vacuum layer support structure is the same as the length of the straight section of the storage tank; In the filling layer space, two anti-floating devices (3) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer wall of the inner cabin, and the anti-floating devices include an upper anti-floating plate (5) and a lower anti-floating plate (5). One end of the upper anti-floating plate is fixed on the inner wall of the outer cabin, and the other end is suspended in the air. One end of the lower anti-floating plate is fixed on the outer wall of the inner cabin, and the other end is suspended in the air. Laminated wood (12) is crimped between the upper anti-floating plate and the lower anti-floating plate. Low-temperature LNG or low-temperature liquid nitrogen is filled between the outer cabin and the outer wall of the inner cabin.

2. A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two vacuum layer support structures are placed in the upper half of the inner cabin cylindrical cross-section, and the angle between the center of the vacuum layer support structure and the horizontal line is 40~45°; four vacuum layer support structures are placed in the lower half of the inner cabin cylindrical cross-section, of which the angle between the center of two vacuum layer support structures and the horizontal line is 30~40°, and the angle between the center line of the two vacuum layer support structures and the vertical direction is 20~30°.

3. A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cabin is square, and an anti-sway bulkhead (17) is arranged in the middle of the outer cabin. The anti-sway bulkhead divides the outer cabin into two spaces. An inner cabin is fixed in each of the two spaces. A filling layer space is formed between the outer cabin and the inner cabin. The second filling layer support (18) is located in the filling layer space. The inner support layer of the second filling layer support is an arc shape that matches the outer surface of the inner cabin. The outer support layer of the second filling layer support is an inverted trapezoid and sits on the inner wall of the outer cabin.

4. A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating layer (6) is filled between the inner wall (8) of the outer cabin and the outer wall (7) of the outer cabin.

5. A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the vacuum layer support structure is II, which is a frame structure, and its overall shape fits the curvature of the outer wall of the inner cabin and the inner wall of the inner cabin.

6. A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting layer is in an arc shape of 120° to 150°.

7. A storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cabin is a C-type cabin.

8. The storage cabin capable of storing ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cabin is arranged below the ship deck, and the outer wall of the outer cabin can be replaced by the inner shell hull structure of the ship.

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