Bubble diversion super-hydrophobic composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a bubble diversion super-hydrophobic composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of chemical functional materials. Preparing a stable bubble layer; and coating a super-hydrophobic coating: uniformly mixing and dispersing hydrophobic silicon dioxide particles and n-hexane to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension, uniformly coating the surface of the bubble layer with the obtained super-hydrophobic suspension, and naturally standing or heating and standing in a ventilation environment to form the super-hydrophobic coating, thereby obtaining the product. The bubble layer is prepared on the surface of the micron-scale columnar structure, so that the surface super-hydrophobic stability is enhanced, the service life of the super-hydrophobic surface is prolonged, the resistance reduction performance of the surface in fluid is improved, the friction resistance is reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, the excellent anti-icing capacity is achieved, the icing phenomenon is effectively prevented, and the service life of the super-hydrophobic surface is prolonged. And due to the self-cleaning function, dust and pollutants on the surface can be automatically removed through rolling of liquid drops, and the maintenance requirement is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of chemical functional materials, and more particularly to a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a material with special wettability, superhydrophobic surface can show excellent self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-fogging and other properties, so it has a wide range of applications in various fields such as droplet manipulation, friction control, self-cleaning, etc. Especially in underwater environments, superhydrophobic surfaces can greatly reduce the resistance encountered by ships and underwater vehicles during movement, thereby increasing the navigation speed and driving distance. In recent years, it has received widespread attention in academia and industry. The superhydrophobic phenomenon has been richly manifested in nature, such as the low-adhesion superhydrophobicity of lotus leaves, the high-adhesion superhydrophobicity of rose petals, and the super-amphiphobic (hydrophobic / oleophobic) surface of jumping spiders. A comprehensive understanding of the wetting mechanism of these natural surfaces is a basic prerequisite for the manufacture of superhydrophobic surfaces. The core elements for achieving superhydrophobic interfaces lie in the low surface energy and fine multi-scale structure of the surface. The synergistic effect of these two leads to low adhesion and high surface roughness, which further promotes the formation of air layers, thereby significantly improving the hydrophobic properties of the interface and providing theoretical guidance for the design of new superhydrophobic materials (Small 2024, 20, 2309012). However, the research on super-hydrophobic surfaces still faces some challenges. First, the durability and mechanical stability of super-hydrophobic surfaces need to be improved to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Secondly, the air film between the microstructures of super-hydrophobic surfaces is easily destroyed in practical applications, so they may face problems such as surface corrosion, which need further research and solution. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to study the basic theory of super-hydrophobic surfaces, optimize the preparation method, and improve the material properties to achieve its wide application in more fields.

[0003] Current technical means and methods have not been able to effectively solve the problems related to the stability of superhydrophobic surfaces, and this problem has become a major obstacle to its widespread deployment. When the hydraulic pressure of a superhydrophobic surface is too high or it is immersed in water for a long time, water molecules may penetrate into the gaps in the surface microstructure, and the original air layer will be squeezed out by water, causing the surface to change from a Cassie state to a completely wet Wenzel state. This change destroys the SAL composite interface of the superhydrophobic surface, resulting in a decrease in hydrophobic properties and an increase in the adhesion tendency of droplets, which in turn affects the surface's anti-fouling ability and underwater diversion efficiency. In addition, during fluid transport, micro-droplets are easily left on the surface, which may cause volume loss.

[0004] Therefore, how to design and construct a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic coating that is stable while maintaining the stability of the air film between micro-nano structures and its preparation method and application are problems that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic coating and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Preparing a substrate: using a polymer material as a printing material and using 3D printing technology to prepare a substrate having an array of columnar structures on the surface;

[0009] (2) preparing a stable bubble layer: dissolving a surfactant and a stabilizer in acetone to obtain a solution A, then adding a bubble generator to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution to obtain a bubble-modified suspension, and uniformly coating the obtained bubble-modified suspension on the surface of the substrate having an array of columnar structures obtained in step (1) to obtain a bubble layer;

[0010] (3) Applying a super-hydrophobic coating: The hydrophobic silica particles are evenly dispersed with n-hexane to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension, and the obtained super-hydrophobic suspension is evenly coated on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2), and the super-hydrophobic coating is formed after being naturally allowed to stand or heated in a ventilated environment to obtain the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material.

[0011] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The traditional super-hydrophobic surface is not stable enough under high liquid pressure, which easily leads to the destruction of the air layer, thereby losing the super-hydrophobicity. The present invention enhances the super-hydrophobic stability of the surface by preparing a bubble layer on the surface of a micrometer-scale columnar structure, and forms more air layers in the columnar structure. When the liquid pressure causes the air layer to be destroyed, the micro-nano structure on the surface can quickly start a chemical reaction to generate bubbles, and restore the air layer through the guided directional flow effect. This mechanism of actively replenishing the air layer provides a unique solution to the stability problem of super-hydrophobic surfaces in harsh environments, significantly prolongs the service life of super-hydrophobic surfaces, and improves their reliability and efficiency in practical applications.

[0012] (2) The bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material of the present invention not only improves the drag reduction performance of the surface in the fluid, reduces frictional resistance, improves operating efficiency, but also has excellent anti-icing ability, effectively prevents icing, and ensures the normal operation of the equipment. At the same time, its self-cleaning function enables the surface to automatically remove dust and pollutants by the rolling of droplets, reducing maintenance requirements. These characteristics make the super-hydrophobic composite surface have a wide range of application prospects and significant practical application value in the fields of ships, aviation, and construction.

[0013] (3) In the design stage, columnar structural parameters of different sizes and spacings are designed according to the desired application scenarios and performance requirements, and 3D printing is used to form a columnar surface with high adjustability. The columnar surface of this structure not only has good mechanical strength, but also has high flexibility in its columnar geometric parameters.

[0014] The columnar structure of the present invention causes the microstructure of the substrate surface to change, increasing the roughness of the substrate surface, so the super-amphiphobicity of the coating is enhanced. The main purpose of using the columnar structure in the present invention is to form more air layers and to guide the directional flow effect of bubbles.

[0015] The patent for foamed super-hydrophobic surface mainly describes the use of foamed materials to prepare porous (foamed) structures, and does not involve phenomena such as the generation of bubbles in surface stability tests.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the polymer material is a photosensitive resin.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the polymer material is one of acrylate photosensitive resin, polyurethane acrylate photosensitive resin or epoxy acrylate photosensitive resin.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (1), the diameter of the columnar structure is R=10-200 μm, the height of the columnar structure is H=10-600 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure is d1=10-800 μm, and the longitudinal spacing is d2=10-800 μm.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), (1-5) mg of a surfactant, (1-5) mg of a stabilizer and (5-15) mg of a bubble generator are added to every 100 mL of acetone.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (2), the surfactant is one or both of polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dodecyl sulfate, the stabilizer is one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the bubble generator is sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and the mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to citric acid is (1-10):(1-10).

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the stirring is ultrasonic stirring, the ultrasonic power is 100-300 W, the ultrasonic frequency is 15-30 kHz, the ultrasonic temperature is 25-60° C., and the ultrasonic time is 10-60 min.

[0022] Beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution: In order to ensure uniform distribution of the components in the mixture, the mixed liquid is stirred using ultrasonic stirring until a stable bubble-modified suspension is formed.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (2) and step (3), the coating is carried out by spraying, the spraying pressure is 0.1-0.9 MPa, the spraying distance is 5-25 cm, and the spraying volume is 0.5-5 mL.

[0024] Beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution: In order to ensure that the solution can evenly cover the entire surface, a spray gun is used for uniform spraying.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (3), the mass volume ratio of the hydrophobic silica particles to n-hexane is (1-5) mg: (1-10) mL, and the diameter of the hydrophobic silica particles is 20 nm-1 μm.

[0026] Furthermore, in step (3), the dispersion speed is 300-1500 r / min, the dispersion time is 10-60 min; and the natural standing time is 20 min-1 h.

[0027] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that during the curing process, the hydrophobic silica particles will be firmly attached to the surface of the bubble layer.

[0028] Furthermore, in step (1), the thickness of the substrate is 2-5 mm; in step (2), the thickness of the bubble layer is 1-10 μm; and in step (3), the thickness of the superhydrophobic coating is 1-10 μm.

[0029] The present invention also provides a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material prepared by the method.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material of the present invention can effectively reduce the contact area between the droplets and the surface, enhance the hydrophobicity, and exhibit a low surface energy and a highly rough microstructure, which enables the droplets to form an almost completely spherical shape on the surface, thereby achieving lossless transport. When the droplets roll on the surface, they can easily carry away dust and other particles, showing a self-cleaning effect. In addition, the surface can effectively prevent the formation and accumulation of ice and provide an anti-icing effect, which is particularly important for industries such as aviation, automobiles, and energy. It can be widely used in fields such as anti-fouling, anti-icing, and anti-corrosion, and has broad prospects in applications such as liquid collection, separation, and transportation.

[0031] The micrometer-scale columnar structure can enhance mechanical stability and help form more air layers. When the liquid pressure is particularly high, the surface air layer is destroyed, and the droplets penetrate into the micro-nano structure. A chemical reaction is quickly initiated on the surface to generate bubbles that produce a guided directional flow effect along the micro-column structure, restoring the air layer. The surface will restore the super-hydrophobic air layer, giving it excellent stability in different situations, especially in more harsh long-term water environments. This provides a unique solution to the problem of poor super-hydrophobic stability on the material surface.

[0032] The present invention also provides an application of the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material in bubble separation, liquid-gas two-phase flow control, transportation, biomedical or chemical analysis microfluidic technology, construction, automobiles or ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram and a physical diagram of the model parameters of the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite surface under different humidity conditions of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the macroscopic process of a droplet bouncing on a bubble-guided superhydrophobic composite surface under the directional push of bubbles.

[0035] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the transport effect of droplets containing fluorescent dyes on the bubble-guided superhydrophobic composite surface.

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the dynamic transport behavior of the bubble-assisted superhydrophobic composite surface under different environments (such as dirt). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Preparation of substrate: Using acrylic photosensitive resin (ANYCUBIC vertical cubic water-washed resin, transparent color) as a printing material, a substrate having an array of columnar structures on the surface is prepared by 3D printing technology; the thickness of the substrate is 2 mm, the diameter of the columnar structure R = 200 μm, the height of the columnar structure H = 300 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure d1 = 200 μm, and the longitudinal spacing d2 = 200 μm, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown;

[0041] (2) Preparing a stable bubble layer: dissolving 2 mg of surfactant dodecyl sulfuric acid and 1 mg of stabilizer polyvinyl alcohol in 100 mL of acetone to obtain solution A, then adding 10 mg of a bubble generator, the bubble generator comprising 5 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 5 mg of citric acid, to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution with an ultrasonic stirrer at an ultrasonic power of 100 W, an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, an ultrasonic temperature of 25° C., and an ultrasonic time of 10 min to obtain a bubble-modified suspension, and using a spray gun to evenly spray the obtained bubble-modified suspension on the surface of the substrate having an array of columnar structures obtained in step (1), at a spraying pressure of 0.4 MPa, a spraying distance of 5 cm, and a spraying volume of 1 mL to obtain a bubble layer having a thickness of 10 μm;

[0042] (3) Applying a super-hydrophobic coating: 5 mg of hydrophobic silica particles (20 nm spherical-hydrophobic type, manufactured by Suzhou Nano Technology Development Co., Ltd., model CZ3460) were mixed and dispersed evenly with 5 mL of n-hexane at a dispersion speed of 300 r / min and a dispersion time of 20 min to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension. The obtained super-hydrophobic suspension was evenly sprayed on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2) using a spray gun at a spray pressure of 0.3 MPa, a spray distance of 15 cm, a spray volume of 2 mL, and a natural standing time of 20 min in a ventilated environment to form a super-hydrophobic coating. The thickness of the super-hydrophobic coating was 5 μm, and a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material was obtained.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) Preparation of a substrate: Using epoxy acrylate photosensitive resin (Sicheng Broadcasting and Television DSM-AGI SLA type resin) as a printing material, a substrate having an array of columnar structures on the surface is prepared by 3D printing technology; the thickness of the substrate is 3 mm, the diameter of the columnar structure R=100 μm, the height of the columnar structure H=600 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure d1=600 μm, and the longitudinal spacing d2=600 μm;

[0046] (2) Preparing a stable bubble layer: dissolving 4 mg of a surfactant polyoxyethylene ether and 2 mg of a stabilizer gelatin in 100 mL of acetone to obtain a solution A, then adding 7 mg of a bubble generator, the bubble generator comprising 5 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 2 mg of citric acid, to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution with an ultrasonic stirrer at an ultrasonic power of 100 W, an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, an ultrasonic temperature of 30° C., and an ultrasonic time of 30 min to obtain a bubble-modified suspension, and using a spray gun to evenly spray the obtained bubble-modified suspension on the surface of the substrate having an array of columnar structures obtained in step (1), at a spraying pressure of 0.2 MPa, a spraying distance of 15 cm, and a spraying volume of 3 mL to obtain a bubble layer having a thickness of 5 μm;

[0047] (3) Applying a super-hydrophobic coating: 3 mg of hydrophobic silica particles (300 nm spherical-hydrophobic type, manufacturer Suzhou Nano Technology Development Co., Ltd., model CZ3460) were mixed and dispersed evenly with 10 mL of n-hexane, the dispersion speed was 500 r / min, and the dispersion time was 10 min to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension. The obtained super-hydrophobic suspension was evenly sprayed on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2) using a spray gun. The spraying pressure was 0.6 MPa, the spraying distance was 10 cm, the spraying volume was 4 mL, and the super-hydrophobic coating was formed after being naturally allowed to stand in a ventilated environment for 1 h. The thickness of the super-hydrophobic coating was 2 μm, and a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material was obtained.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0050] (1) Preparation of a substrate: Using polyurethane acrylate photosensitive resin (Yichen T20D photosensitive resin) as a printing material, a substrate having an array of columnar structures on the surface is prepared by 3D printing technology; the thickness of the substrate is 5 mm, the diameter of the columnar structure R = 20 μm, the height of the columnar structure H = 100 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure d1 = 50 μm, and the longitudinal spacing d2 = 50 μm;

[0051] (2) Preparing a stable bubble layer: dissolving 1 mg of surfactant dodecyl sulfuric acid and 5 mg of stabilizer gelatin in 100 mL of acetone to obtain solution A, then adding 15 mg of a bubble generator to solution A, wherein the bubble generator includes 10 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 5 mg of citric acid, to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution with an ultrasonic stirrer at an ultrasonic power of 300 W, an ultrasonic frequency of 30 kHz, an ultrasonic temperature of 60° C., and an ultrasonic time of 60 min to obtain a bubble-modified suspension, and using a spray gun to evenly spray the obtained bubble-modified suspension on the surface of the substrate having an array of columnar structures obtained in step (1), at a spraying pressure of 0.9 MPa, a spraying distance of 5 cm, and a spraying volume of 5 mL to obtain a bubble layer having a thickness of 10 μm;

[0052] (3) Applying a super-hydrophobic coating: 5 mg of hydrophobic silica particles (1 μm spherical-hydrophobic type, manufactured by Suzhou Nano Technology Development Co., Ltd., model CZ3460) were mixed and dispersed evenly with 10 mL of n-hexane at a dispersion speed of 1500 r / min and a dispersion time of 40 min to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension. The obtained super-hydrophobic suspension was evenly sprayed on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2) using a spray gun at a spraying pressure of 0.3 MPa, a spraying distance of 10 cm, a spraying volume of 1 mL, and a natural standing time of 45 min in a ventilated environment to form a super-hydrophobic coating. The thickness of the super-hydrophobic coating was 4 μm, and a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material was obtained.

[0053] Effect Experiment

[0054] (1) Study on the super-hydrophobic stability of bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite surfaces

[0055] When the super-hydrophobic surface air film is destroyed, water can be caused to infiltrate the structural gap, and the air layer dissipates at the same time, resulting in a transition to a completely wet Wenzel state. This process destroys the SAL composite interface, reduces surface hydrophobicity, increases the possibility of droplet adhesion, thereby affecting the anti-fouling ability and underwater navigation performance on the surface. In addition, in the fluid delivery process, the micro-nano structure surface easily leaves the micro-residue formed by micro-droplets, which may cause volume loss. For this reason, the present invention, by adding a special effervescent coating (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid) on the surface, when the surface air layer is destroyed, the coating contacts water, CO2 gas can be rapidly produced on the surface, thereby re-forming an air film, effectively restoring the super-hydrophobicity on the surface, so that it can maintain stable hydrophobic properties in harsh or even underwater environments.

[0056] 3NaHCO3+C6H8O7→Na3C6H5O7+3CO2+3H2O

[0057] The results are as follows Figure 2As shown, droplets (H2O, 2μL) are vertically dripped on the surface of the damaged bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material in Example 1. It can be found that the droplet contacts the bubble layer and a macroscopic process of bouncing under the directional push of the bubble occurs. The gradient microstructure unique to the surface can produce a diversion effect to it during the movement of the bubble, showing obvious regularity, so that the bubble converges in one direction and accelerates the rise, so that the air layer is restored, and the complementary function of the air film is promoted, so that it has excellent super-hydrophobic stability in different cases, especially in more harsh long-term water environments, and with this excellent diversion ability, the bubble-assisted super-hydrophobic composite surface shows a wide range of application potential in multiple fields, such as bubble separation, liquid-gas two-phase flow control, etc. If the ordinary super-hydrophobic surface is damaged, water molecules will penetrate into the surface microstructure gap, resulting in a decrease in hydrophobic performance and the destruction of the bubble layer. In addition, during fluid transportation, the surface is prone to leaving micro-droplets, which may cause volume loss.

[0058] (2) Research on lossless transport of bubble-guided superhydrophobic composite materials

[0059] Use a microsyringe to take an appropriate amount of liquid containing a fluorescent dye (2 μL) and drop it on the surface of the composite material of Example 1. The movement trajectory of the droplets on the surface of the material is recorded by a high-speed camera. The results show that the droplets can achieve lossless transportation on the super-hydrophobic surface. During the movement of the droplets on the surface, due to its super-hydrophobicity, the contact area between the droplets and the surface is minimized, reducing the residue caused by the adhesion between the droplets and the surface. When the droplets pass through the super-hydrophobic surface, there are almost no tiny droplets remaining on the surface in the path of the droplets, and no fluorescent residue is found on the surface (such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, when the fluorescent liquid slides down the ordinary surface, obvious fluorescent tracks will be found, indicating that there are residual droplets on the surface. This not only verifies the superior performance of super-hydrophobic surfaces in lossless droplet transport, but also provides an important basis for the precise control of microfluidic technology in the fields of biomedicine, chemical analysis, etc.

[0060] (3) Study on the self-cleaning effect of bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite surface

[0061] Traditional super-hydrophobic surfaces are susceptible to contamination, which limits their application in outdoor and harsh environments. To further explore whether the surface has excellent self-cleaning effect, we conducted a test on the dynamic behavior of droplets on the surface. The surface was stained with standard pollutants (such as dust) to simulate the pollution conditions in the actual use environment. Water droplets were dropped on the surface, and the flow and cleaning process of the liquid on the surface were recorded with a high-speed camera to observe the removal effect of pollutants. Figure 4As shown, the bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material of Example 1 has excellent self-cleaning performance, and can maintain long-term stability under different environments (such as dirt, dye, etc.). During the test, when the droplet contacts the super-hydrophobic surface, the droplet will automatically roll and take away the dirt on the surface, achieving a good self-cleaning effect. In contrast, due to the poor fluidity of the droplet on the ordinary surface, the droplet is not easy to roll, causing the pollutants to be difficult to remove, and the surface will leave obvious pollutant residues. The present invention provides a unique solution to the problem of poor stability of the super-hydrophobic surface, with good practical application value. In the future, this super-hydrophobic surface is expected to be applied to the fields of construction, automobiles, ships, etc., and contribute to the green and low-carbon development of my country.

[0062] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Preparing a substrate: using a polymer material as a printing material and using 3D printing technology to prepare a substrate having an array of columnar structures on the surface; (2) preparing a stable bubble layer: dissolving a surfactant and a stabilizer in acetone to obtain a solution A, then adding a bubble generator to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution to obtain a bubble-modified suspension, and uniformly coating the obtained bubble-modified suspension on the surface of the substrate having an array of columnar structures obtained in step (1) to obtain a bubble layer; (3) Applying a super-hydrophobic coating: The hydrophobic silica particles are evenly dispersed with n-hexane to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension, and the obtained super-hydrophobic suspension is evenly coated on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2), and the super-hydrophobic coating is formed after being naturally allowed to stand or heated in a ventilated environment to obtain the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material.

2. A method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the polymer material is a photosensitive resin.

3. A method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the diameter of the columnar structure is R=10-200 μm, the height of the columnar structure is H=10-600 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure is d1=10-800 μm, and the longitudinal spacing is d2=10-800 μm.

4. The method for preparing a bubble-guided super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), (1-5) mg of surfactant, (1-5) mg of stabilizer and (5-15) mg of bubble generator are added to every 100 mL of acetone.

5. The method for preparing a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the surfactant is one or both of polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dodecyl sulfate, the stabilizer is one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the bubble generator is sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and the mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to citric acid is (1-10):(1-10).

6. The method for preparing a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2) and step (3), the coating is carried out by spraying, the spraying pressure is 0.1-0.9 MPa, the spraying distance is 5-25 cm, and the spraying volume is 0.5-5 mL.

7. The method for preparing a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the mass volume ratio of the hydrophobic silica particles to n-hexane is (1-5) mg: (1-10) mL, and the diameter of the hydrophobic silica particles is 20 nm-1 μm.

8. The method for preparing a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the thickness of the substrate is 2-5 mm; in step (2), the thickness of the bubble layer is 1-10 μm; in step (3), the thickness of the super-hydrophobic coating is 1-10 μm.

9. A bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An application of the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material according to claim 9 in bubble separation, liquid-gas two-phase flow control, transportation, microfluidic technology for biomedicine or chemical analysis, construction, automobiles or ships.

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