The invention discloses a direct type backlight luminance compensation method and a display device, and is designed for solving the problems that image distortion is large after luminance compensation in the existing direct type backlight luminance compensation methods. The direct type backlight luminance compensation method includes: receiving and confirming original gray scale of pixel (i,j) according to input images; confirming backlight brightness of each area according to the input images; dynamically confirming compensating factors fcom (i,j) according to backlight brightness in pixel (i,j) area and influence on backlight brightness from other areas outside the pixel (i,j) area to the pixel (i,j) area; compensating original gray scale of pixel (i,j) according to the compensating factors fcom (i,j) to acquire compensating gray scale of pixel (i,j), wherein, i is taken as line number of pixel, and j is taken as column number of pixel. The direct type backlight luminance compensation method and the display device have the advantages that image distortion is small, data volume is small and the like after luminance compensation.