Vibration test system of prefabricated building component and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building engineering, in particular to a vibration test system of a prefabricated building component and a control method.The vibration test system comprises a portal frame, a fixing device, a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device and a control center, and the fixing device is used for fixing a test piece; the vertical loading device can apply a static load to the upper end of the test piece; the horizontal loading device is used for applying a dynamic load to one side of the test piece; the control center acquires deformation generated by the test piece through the data acquisition unit and simulates seismic waves to apply loads. The horizontal loading device is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, and through coordination and cooperation of the two hydraulic cylinders, a loading push plate arranged at the tail end of the horizontal loading device can adjust the posture of the loading push plate according to deformation of the test piece, so that the loading push plate can be always kept parallel to the surface of the test piece. The testing accuracy can be improved, distortion generated in the load conveying process is reduced, and the stability of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building engineering, and in particular to a vibration test system and a control method for prefabricated assembled building components. Background Art

[0002] With the development of China's economy, higher requirements have been put forward for the construction industry - not only safety needs to be ensured, but also livability, green and low-carbon and sustainability are emphasized. This indicates that China's construction industry is facing a profound structural transformation challenge. However, under the dominance of traditional construction methods, the level of mechanization is low, the construction quality is difficult to control, and the rising labor costs, as well as environmental pollution and noise nuisance during construction have become important factors restricting the development of the industry. Against this background, prefabricated buildings, as an innovative technology, have emerged, and they have reshaped the future of China's construction industry with significant advantages. Compared with the traditional construction model, prefabricated buildings produce construction units in factories and then assemble them into a whole at the construction site, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of construction, greatly reduces on-site wet operations, effectively shortens the project cycle, saves resources and energy consumption, and significantly reduces construction pollution. Its comprehensive quality has been comprehensively improved. Prefabricated concrete shear walls have excellent lateral stiffness and bearing capacity. With the promotion of prefabricated buildings, prefabricated concrete shear walls have been widely used in prefabricated buildings.

[0003] When the prefabricated concrete shear wall is put into use, it needs to be made into a specimen, and then the specimen is subjected to a low-cycle fatigue test. The low-cycle fatigue test can evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimen under cyclic loading conditions. The low-cycle fatigue test can simulate cyclic loads in natural environments such as earthquakes and wind loads to evaluate the seismic and wind resistance of the specimen. The main purpose of the low-cycle fatigue test is to observe and record the deformation, damage and destruction process of the low-cycle fatigue test by performing multiple cycles of loading on the specimen, so as to evaluate its performance in the actual environment. The existing low-cycle fatigue test usually uses a single actuator to apply force to the upper end of the prefabricated concrete shear wall. In the later stage of the low-cycle fatigue test, the upper end of the specimen usually deforms, and the existing single actuator cannot be adjusted with the deformation of the specimen, resulting in an inaccurate test structure. In addition, during the long-term test, the reaction force generated by the specimen is likely to cause various failures of the actuator. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a vibration test system and control method for prefabricated assembled building components, which can be adaptively adjusted as the test specimen is deformed, thereby improving the test accuracy and the service life of the test system.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components, comprising:

[0006] A vibration test system and control method for prefabricated and assembled building components according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0007] A gantry; a test specimen is placed under the gantry;

[0008] A fixing device, the fixing device is used to fix the test specimen under the gantry;

[0009] A vertical loading device, the upper end of which is connected to the gantry, and the lower end of which is capable of applying a vertical load to the upper end of the test specimen;

[0010] A horizontal loading device, wherein the horizontal loading device is provided with a reaction wall, a horizontal loading frame, a first hydraulic cylinder, a second hydraulic cylinder and a loading push plate; the reaction wall is provided on one side of the gantry, and the horizontal loading frame and the reaction wall are fixedly connected; the first hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal loading frame are fixedly connected, and the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder and the loading push plate are rotatably connected; the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal loading frame are rotatably connected, and the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder and the loading push plate are rotatably connected, and one side of the loading push plate abuts against the test specimen;

[0011] A control center, the control center includes a data acquisition unit and a controller, the data acquisition unit is used to collect the deformation generated by the test specimen, the data acquisition unit and the controller are connected by electrical signals; the controller can control the actions of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading frame includes a first frame and a second frame, a guide shaft is provided on one side of the first frame, the first frame is slidably connected to the second frame via the guide shaft, and an energy storage spring is sleeved on the guide shaft.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a fine-tuning assembly is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the fine-tuning assembly includes a first wedge block, a second wedge block and a driving shaft. A sliding groove is arranged on the second frame, and the second wedge block is slidably arranged in the sliding groove. The driving shaft is rotatably connected to the second frame, and one end of the driving shaft is threadedly connected to the second wedge block; the first wedge block is fixedly connected to the first frame; and the first wedge block abuts against the second wedge block.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage spring is a drum-shaped structure.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading device also includes a support assembly, which includes a support base, a support sleeve, a support rod and a support spring; the support base is fixedly connected to the gantry, and one end of the support sleeve is rotatably connected to the support base; the other end of the support sleeve is slidably connected to one end of the support rod, and the other end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the first frame; the support spring is sleeved on the support rod.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing device includes a pressure beam and a limiter, the pressure beam is used to prevent the test specimen from being displaced in the vertical direction, and there are multiple limiters; the multiple limiters respectively abut the peripheral side surfaces of the lower end of the test specimen to prevent the test specimen from being displaced in the horizontal direction.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the limiter includes a limit base, a limit baffle, a first push rod and a preload spring, the limit base and the limit baffle are slidingly connected, the first push rod and the limit base are threadedly connected, one end of the first push rod passes through the limit base and is rotatably connected to the limit baffle, and the preload spring is sleeved on the first push rod.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the vertical loading device includes an adjusting frame, a lifting base, a first support frame, a second support frame, a hydraulic jack and a loading box beam; the adjusting frame is slidably connected to the gantry, the lifting base is provided with a second push rod, the second push rod is provided with a reset spring, and the second push rod is slidably connected to the adjustment frame; the first support frame and the second support frame are rotatably connected, one end of the first support frame is rotatably connected to the lifting base, and the other end of the first support frame is rotatably connected to the loading box beam; one end of the second support frame is slidably connected to the lifting base, and the other end of the second support frame is slidably connected to the loading box beam; one end of the hydraulic jack is rotatably connected to the lifting base, and the other end of the hydraulic jack is rotatably connected to the first support frame, and the loading box beam abuts against the upper end of the test specimen.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition unit includes a force sensor, a displacement measurement sensor and a crack observation component.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a vibration test system for the prefabricated and assembled building component, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S01: Initializing fixation; fixing the test specimen under the gantry through the fixing device, and confirming the measurement reference line;

[0022] S02: Based on the completion of the initialization fixation, vertical loading is performed; a vertical force is applied to the test specimen by the vertical loading device;

[0023] S03: Based on the completion of vertical loading, horizontal loading is performed; a horizontal force is applied to the test specimen by the horizontal loading device;

[0024] S04: real-time monitoring and collection of displacement and force data of the test specimen, adjusting the loading amounts of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder, and controlling the loading push plate to always remain parallel to the surface of the test specimen;

[0025] S05: After the test is completed, the horizontal loading device and the vertical loading device are adjusted in sequence to enter the initial state.

[0026] A vibration test system and control method for prefabricated and assembled building components according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] According to the solution of the present invention, the vibration test system of prefabricated assembled building components includes a gantry, a fixture, a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device and a control center, wherein the fixture is used to fix the test specimen under the gantry; the vertical loading device can apply a static load in the vertical direction to the upper end of the test specimen; the horizontal loading device is used to apply a dynamic load in the horizontal direction to one side of the test specimen; the control center collects the deformation generated by the test specimen through a data acquisition unit, and simulates seismic waves to apply loads. The horizontal loading device is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder. Through the coordinated cooperation of the two hydraulic cylinders, the loading push plate provided at the end of the horizontal loading device can adjust its own posture according to the deformation of the test specimen, so that the loading push plate can always remain parallel to the surface of the test specimen. Through the design of this structure, the accuracy of the test can be improved, the distortion generated during the load transmission process can be reduced, and the stability of the system can be improved.

[0028] According to the solution of the present invention, the horizontal loading device is provided with a reaction wall, a horizontal loading frame, a first hydraulic cylinder, a second hydraulic cylinder and a loading push plate; the reaction wall is arranged on one side of the gantry frame, and is used to bear the reaction force transmitted by the horizontal loading device, play a balancing and supporting role, and ensure stability during the loading process. The horizontal loading frame is connected to the reaction wall, and the horizontal loading frame serves as the main supporting structure of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder to ensure the smooth movement of the loading push plate. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the horizontal loading frame, and the cylinder rod is connected to the loading push plate through a rotating joint, which is mainly used to provide a driving force in the horizontal direction to assist the loading push plate to achieve a smooth displacement. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the horizontal loading frame through a rotating joint, and the other end is connected to the loading push plate, which is used to generate a torque in the horizontal direction, adjust the contact surface between the loading push plate and the specimen, and ensure that when the test specimen is deformed, the loading push plate can fit the surface of the test specimen. The data collected by the data acquisition unit is fed back to the control center, and the actions of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are further adjusted to simulate various preset dynamic loads, such as seismic waves. The controller processes the data provided by the data acquisition unit, implements PID or other control algorithms, such as fuzzy logic control or adaptive control strategy, and generates operating instructions for the hydraulic cylinder. Through the design of this mechanism, a dual hydraulic cylinder layout is adopted to achieve dynamic adaptation of the contact interface between the loading push plate and the test specimen, enhancing the reliability of the system and the accuracy of the test results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal loading device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the horizontal loading device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the enlarged local structure at A;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the vertical loading device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of the vertical loading device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the limiter of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the test specimen of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure:

[0038] 100-Gantry;

[0039] 200-fixing device, 210-pressure beam, 220-limiter, 221-limiting base, 222-limiting baffle, 223-first push rod, 224-preload spring;

[0040] 300-vertical loading device, 310-adjusting frame, 320-lifting base, 321-second push rod, 322-reset spring, 330-first support frame, 340-second support frame, 350-hydraulic jack, 360-loading box beam;

[0041] 400- horizontal loading device, 410- reaction wall, 420- horizontal loading frame, 421- first frame, 422- second frame, 423- guide shaft, 424- energy storage spring, 430- first hydraulic cylinder, 440- second hydraulic cylinder, 450- loading push plate, 460- fine adjustment assembly, 461- first wedge block, 462- second wedge block, 463- driving shaft, 464- slide groove, 470- support assembly, 471- support base, 472- support sleeve, 473- support rod, 474- support spring;

[0042] 500 - test specimen, 510 - loading part, 520 - wall part, 530 - supporting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as orientation or positional relationship indicated as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means more than two. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0047] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in the first aspect, the present invention discloses a vibration test system for prefabricated assembled building components, the vibration test system for prefabricated assembled building components comprises a gantry 100, a fixing device 200, a vertical loading device 300, a horizontal loading device 400 and a control center; wherein a test specimen 500 is placed under the gantry 100; the fixing device 200 is used to fix the test specimen 500 under the gantry 100; the upper end of the vertical loading device 300 is connected to the gantry 100, and the lower end of the vertical loading device 300 can apply a vertical load to the upper end of the test specimen 500; the horizontal loading device 400 is provided with a reaction wall 410, a horizontal loading frame 420, a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440 and a loading The load push plate 450; the reaction wall 410 is arranged on one side of the gantry 100, and the horizontal loading frame 420 is fixedly connected to the reaction wall 410; the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is fixedly connected to the horizontal loading frame 420, and the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is rotatably connected to the loading push plate 450; the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is rotatably connected to the horizontal loading frame 420, and the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is rotatably connected to the loading push plate 450, and one side of the loading push plate 450 abuts the test specimen 500; the control center includes a data acquisition unit and a controller, the data acquisition unit is used to collect the deformation generated by the test specimen 500, and the data acquisition unit and the controller are electrically connected by signal; the controller can control the actions of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440.

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, the vibration test system of prefabricated and assembled building components includes a gantry 100, a fixture 200, a vertical loading device 300, a horizontal loading device 400 and a control center, wherein the fixture 200 is used to fix the test specimen 500 below the gantry 100; the vertical loading device 300 can apply a static load in the vertical direction to the upper end of the test specimen 500; the horizontal loading device 400 is used to apply a dynamic load in the horizontal direction to one side of the test specimen 500; the control center collects the deformation of the test specimen 500 through a data acquisition unit, and simulates seismic waves to apply loads. The horizontal loading device 400 is provided with a reaction wall 410, a horizontal loading frame 420, a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440 and a loading push plate 450; the reaction wall 410 is provided on one side of the gantry 100, and is used to bear the reaction force transmitted by the horizontal loading device 400, play a balancing and supporting role, and ensure stability during the loading process. The horizontal loading frame 420 is connected to the reaction wall 410. The horizontal loading frame 420 serves as the main supporting structure of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 to ensure the smooth movement of the loading push plate 450. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is fixed on the horizontal loading frame 420, and the cylinder rod is connected to the loading push plate 450 through a rotating joint, which is mainly used to provide a driving force in the horizontal direction to assist the loading push plate 450 to achieve a smooth displacement. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is connected to the horizontal loading frame 420 through a rotating joint, and the other end is connected to the loading push plate 450 to generate a torque in the horizontal direction, adjust the contact surface between the loading push plate 450 and the specimen, and ensure that when the test specimen 500 is deformed, the loading push plate 450 can fit the surface of the test specimen 500. The data collected by the data acquisition unit is fed back to the control center to further adjust the actions of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 to simulate various preset dynamic loads, such as seismic waves. The controller processes the data provided by the data acquisition unit, implements PID or other control algorithms, such as fuzzy logic control or adaptive control strategy, and generates operating instructions for the hydraulic cylinder.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the controller may be a computer or a PCL controller. The data acquisition unit collects data and feeds it back to the control center, and the control center controls the load output of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 according to the following motion equation:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, x d The displacement of the push plate 450 is desired, θ d K is the target value of the loading push plate 450° angle; p , K i , K dis a gain parameter; the gain parameter can be determined using the Ziegler-Nichols method, the Cohen-Coon method or other parameter adjustment strategies. L1(t) is the elongation of the first hydraulic cylinder 430, and L2(t) is the elongation of the second hydraulic cylinder 440. The above equation of motion can not only simulate the influence of seismic waves on the shear wall, but also ensure that the push plate is continuously parallel to the surface of the shear wall under various conditions, providing accurate and reliable dynamic loading tests. Through the design of this mechanism, a dual hydraulic cylinder layout is adopted to achieve dynamic adaptation of the contact interface between the loading push plate 450 and the test specimen 500, thereby enhancing the reliability of the system and the accuracy of the test results. Through the coordinated cooperation of the dual hydraulic cylinders, the loading push plate 450 set at the end of the horizontal loading device 400 can adjust its own posture according to the deformation of the test specimen 500, so that the loading push plate 450 can always remain parallel to the surface of the test specimen 500. Through the design of this structure, the accuracy of the test can be improved, the distortion generated during the load transmission process can be reduced, and the stability of the system can be improved.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading frame 420 includes a first frame 421 and a second frame 422, a guide shaft 423 is provided on one side of the first frame 421, the first frame 421 is slidably connected to the second frame 422 through the guide shaft 423, and an energy storage spring 424 is sleeved on the guide shaft 423. Specifically, in this embodiment, the horizontal loading frame 420 includes a first frame 421 and a second frame 422, the second frame 422 is fixed to the reaction wall 410 by high-strength bolts, the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421; the end of the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421, and the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is fixedly connected to the first frame 421 to limit the output direction of the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 430. In this embodiment, in the initial loading stage, the first frame 421 and the second frame 422 are rigidly connected. At the end of loading, the first frame 421 and the second frame 422 can be elastically connected, and the elastic connection can prevent the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 from being overloaded and damaged. At the same time, at the end of loading, when there is a momentary impact or unbalanced load during the loading process, the spring can absorb excess energy, prevent the system from excessive vibration, and maintain the stability of the loading process. During the loading process, the energy storage spring 424 absorbs excess kinetic energy in a timely manner, slows down the instantaneous impact, and then releases the stored energy to push the second frame 422 to reset and promote the rapid recovery of the system. The flexible design of the energy storage spring 424 enables the loading rack to cope with various dynamic loads, whether it is low-frequency or high-frequency fluctuations, it can maintain a stable response and improve loading accuracy and reliability. The double-frame design of the horizontal loading rack 420 can meet the mechanical strength and durability of the horizontal loading rack 420, so that the entire horizontal loading rack 420 can be used in a test environment with multiple loading modes and meet the high-standard detection requirements of prefabricated assembled building components. By properly selecting spring stiffness and other parameters, the system can achieve high efficiency, low loss and long life working state.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, a fine adjustment assembly 460 is provided between the first frame 421 and the second frame 422, and the fine adjustment assembly 460 includes a first wedge 461, a second wedge 462 and a drive shaft 463. A slide groove 464 is provided on the second frame 422, and the second wedge 462 is slidably provided in the slide groove 464. The drive shaft 463 is rotatably connected with the second frame 422, and one end of the drive shaft 463 is threadedly connected with the second wedge 462; the first wedge 461 is fixedly connected with the first frame 421; and the first wedge 461 abuts against the second wedge 462. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first wedge 461 is fixed on the first frame 421 to form a static reference point. The second wedge 462 is located in the slide groove 464 of the second frame 422, and constitutes the movable end of the adjustment assembly. The drive shaft 463 is rotatably connected with the second frame 422, and one end of the drive shaft 463 is threadedly connected with the second wedge 462 to serve as a transmission medium. The drive shaft 463 is rotated manually or electrically, and the second wedge block 462 is driven to perform linear motion in the slide groove 464 due to the action of the thread. The rotation of the drive shaft 463 causes the second wedge block 462 to move along the slide groove 464, changing the contact position between the second wedge block 462 and the first wedge block 461, thereby changing the relative distance between the first frame 421 and the second frame 422. Specifically, in the initial state, the first wedge block 461 and the second wedge block 462 abut against each other, and the first frame 421 and the second frame 422 form a rigid connection; when the second wedge block 462 is adjusted, the first frame 421 and the second frame 422 form an elastic connection through the guide shaft 423 and the energy storage spring 424. By adjusting the second wedge block 462, the deformation degree of the energy storage spring 424 can be limited, thereby ensuring that the elastic energy storage structure is realized without affecting the loading state.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage spring 424 is a drum-shaped structure. Along the axial direction of the energy storage spring 424, the spiral radius of the energy storage spring 424 gradually decreases from the center to the two ends. The larger spiral radius at the center is conducive to storing energy to a greater extent, while the smaller spiral radius at both ends of the energy storage spring 424 is conducive to the effective release of energy. This transitional gradient design can optimize the energy absorption and release process, improve the overall energy storage capacity and efficiency, and the axial tapered structure can effectively disperse stress concentration, especially when the energy storage spring 424 is compressed, the central area with a larger radius bears the main load, while the parts at both ends provide additional support. This avoids excessive concentration of stress at a certain point and greatly reduces the risk of fatigue fracture. In addition, the smaller spiral radius at both ends of the energy storage spring 424 has a faster response speed, especially in the process of releasing energy, which makes the drum spring perform well in a dynamic loading environment, can quickly adapt to changes, and improve the flexibility of the entire system.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading device 400 also includes a support assembly 470, which includes a support base 471, a support sleeve 472, a support rod 473 and a support spring 474; the support base 471 is fixedly connected to the gantry 100, and one end of the support sleeve 472 is rotatably connected to the support base 471; the other end of the support sleeve 472 is slidably connected to one end of the support rod 473, and the other end of the support rod 473 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421; the support spring 474 is sleeved on the support rod 473.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the horizontal loading device 400 is provided with a reaction wall 410, a horizontal loading frame 420, a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440, a loading push plate 450, a fine adjustment component 460 and a support component 470; the horizontal loading frame 420 includes a first frame body 421 and a second frame body 422, a guide shaft 423 is provided on one side of the first frame body 421, the first frame body 421 is slidably connected with the second frame body 422 through the guide shaft 423, and an energy storage spring 424 is sleeved on the guide shaft 423, and one end of the energy storage spring 424 abuts against the first frame body 421. There are two frames 422, and the other end of the energy storage spring 424 abuts against the baffle set on the guide shaft 423. The fine-tuning component 460 is set between the first frame 421 and the second frame 422. The fine-tuning component 460 includes a first wedge block 461, a second wedge block 462 and a driving shaft 463. The second frame 422 is provided with a slide groove 464, and the second wedge block 462 is slidably set in the slide groove 464. The driving shaft 463 is rotatably connected with the second frame 422, and one end of the driving shaft 463 is threadedly connected with the second wedge block 462; the first wedge block 461 is fixedly connected to the first frame 421. The support assembly 470 includes a support base 471, a support sleeve 472, a support rod 473 and a support spring 474; the support base 471 is fixedly connected to the gantry 100, and one end of the support sleeve 472 is rotatably connected to the support base 471; the other end of the support sleeve 472 is slidably connected to one end of the support rod 473, and the other end of the support rod 473 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421; the support spring 474 is sleeved on the support rod 473, one end of the support spring 474 abuts the support sleeve 472, and the other end of the support spring 474 abuts the baffle on the support rod 473. In this embodiment, one end of the support assembly 470 is fixedly connected to the gantry 100 through the support base 471, and the other end of the support assembly 470 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421 of the horizontal loading frame 420 through the support shaft, together forming a stable triangular support system, which significantly improves the overall anti-overturning ability and rigidity. The problem of shaking at the end of the cantilever beam horizontal loading frame 420 is reduced.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing device 200 includes a pressure beam 210 and a limiter 220. The pressure beam 210 is used to prevent the test specimen 500 from being displaced in the vertical direction, and a plurality of limiters 220 are provided; the plurality of limiters 220 respectively abut against the peripheral side surfaces of the lower end of the test specimen 500 to prevent the test specimen 500 from being displaced in the horizontal direction.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the test specimen 500 is provided with a loading part 510, a wall part 520 and a foundation support part 530 from top to bottom. When performing a loading experiment, a dynamic load is mainly applied to one side of the loading part 510 by a horizontal loading device 400, and a static load is applied to the upper end of the loading part 510 by a vertical loading device 300. Before performing a loading experiment, the test specimen 500 needs to be fixed below the gantry 100. In this embodiment, the test specimen 500 is fixed by a fixing device 200. The fixing device 200 includes a pressure beam 210 and a stopper 220. The pressure beam 210 is a door frame structure and is buckled on the support part 530. The pressure beam 210 is fixed to the ground by anchor bolts. The design of this structure can prevent the test specimen 500 from being displaced in the vertical direction. A plurality of stoppers 220 are provided; the plurality of stoppers 220 respectively abut the peripheral side surfaces of the lower end of the test specimen 500, by abutting at multiple locations. The test specimen 500 can be prevented from being displaced in the horizontal direction. The synergistic effect of the pressure beam 210 and the stopper 220 eliminates external interference, allowing all loading forces to act completely on the designated parts, reducing unnecessary loss and deviation of the loading load, and improving the accuracy of the loading test.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, the limiter 220 includes a limit base 221, a limit baffle 222, a first push rod 223 and a preload spring 224. The limit base 221 and the limit baffle 222 are slidably connected, the first push rod 223 and the limit base 221 are threadedly connected, one end of the first push rod 223 passes through the limit base 221 and the limit baffle 222 for rotational connection, and the preload spring 224 is sleeved on the first push rod 223. In this embodiment, the limit baffle 222 abuts against the side surface of the lower end of the test specimen 500, and the preload spring 224 can prevent the first push rod 223 from rotating autonomously due to vibration, thereby improving the limiting and fixing effects.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the vertical loading device 300 includes an adjustment frame 310, a lifting base 320, a first support frame 330, a second support frame 340, a hydraulic jack 350 and a loading box beam 360; the adjustment frame 310 is slidably connected to the gantry 100, the lifting base 320 is provided with a second push rod 321, the second push rod 321 is provided with a return spring 322, and the second push rod 321 is slidably connected to the adjustment frame 310; the first support frame 330 and the second support frame 340 are rotatably connected Then, one end of the first support frame 330 is rotatably connected to the lifting base 320, and the other end of the first support frame 330 is rotatably connected to the loading box beam 360; one end of the second support frame 340 is slidably connected to the lifting base 320, and the other end of the second support frame 340 is slidably connected to the loading box beam 360; one end of the hydraulic jack 350 is rotatably connected to the lifting base 320, and the other end of the hydraulic jack 350 is rotatably connected to the first support frame 330, and the loading box beam 360 abuts against the upper end of the test specimen 500.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the adjustment frame 310 can adjust the position in the longitudinal direction by slidingly connecting with the gantry 100. The lifting base 320 is provided with a second push rod 321 and a reset spring 322. When the loading test is performed, the upper end of the second push rod 321 can abut against the lower end of the gantry 100 to form a rigid connection. After the loading test is completed, the second push rod 321 can contact and abut with the gantry 100 through the reset spring 322, so that the adjustment frame 310 can slide freely on the gantry 100. The first support frame 330 and the second support frame 340 are connected by rotation to form a scissor-type structure. The extension of the first support frame 330 is controlled by the hydraulic jack 350, and the angle of the first support frame 330 and the second support frame 340 can be controlled, so that the static load can be stably provided to the upper end of the test specimen 500. In this embodiment, the lower end of the box beam is opened and covered on the upper end of the test specimen 500. Through the design of this structure, the uniform distribution of the load is ensured and the problem of uneven local force is avoided.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition unit includes a force sensor, an angle sensor, a displacement measurement sensor, and a crack observation component.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, the vibration test system of the prefabricated assembled building components includes a vertical loading device 300, a horizontal loading device 400 and a control center; the control center includes a data acquisition unit and a controller; the data acquisition unit includes a force sensor, an angle sensor, a displacement measurement sensor and a crack observation component. The vertical loading device 300 is provided with a loading box beam 360, and the horizontal loading device 400 is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440 and a loading push plate 450, wherein the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the loading push plate 450 for rotation, and the angle of the loading push plate 450 is adjusted by detecting the deformation of the test specimen 500 while applying the dynamic load. The test specimen 500 is sequentially provided with a loading part 510, a wall part 520 and a foundation support part 530 from top to bottom. The lower end of the loading box beam 360 is open, and the loading box beam 360 is buckled on the loading part 510. The force sensors are respectively arranged on the loading push plate 450 and the loading box beam 360 for real-time collection of load information. In this embodiment, the force sensor TE Connectivity's FSM / FSS series sensor has a compact structure and can be directly installed in a small space, which is suitable for force monitoring of building structures. The angle sensor is arranged on the loading push plate 450 to detect the posture of the loading push plate 450. Specifically, the angle sensor uses Honeywell ASC710 series sensors, which can provide non-contact angle measurement functions and monitor rotational motion without physical contact, especially suitable for long-term stable operation in harsh environments. The displacement measurement sensors are distributed on the surface of the wall part 520 to detect the overall posture and stress state of the wall part 520. Specifically, the displacement measurement sensor can use HBM X4 / Y4 series sensors. HBM's X4 / Y4 series patch displacement sensors use thin film resistor technology and can provide highly accurate strain and displacement measurements, which are suitable for health monitoring of bridges, buildings and other large structures. The crack observation component includes a CCD high-speed camera, which is combined with advanced LabVIEW image analysis software to form a crack monitoring system. It is possible to capture the subtle crack morphology on the surface of the wall part 520, and use algorithms to automatically identify and quantify parameters such as crack width and length, thereby achieving visual monitoring of the overall posture of the wall part 520. This method is more accurate than traditional manual measurement and greatly improves the reliability and timeliness of data.

[0064] In a second aspect, the present invention discloses a control method for a vibration test system applied to prefabricated and assembled building components, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0065] S01: Initialize fixation; fix the test specimen 500 under the gantry 100 through the fixing device 200, and confirm the measurement baseline; at the same time, start the system and execute the self-test procedure to ensure that all components operate normally. Calibrate the data acquisition unit. In this step, the tester needs to securely fix the prefabricated assembled building components under the gantry 100 to ensure that the test specimen 500 will not be displaced unnecessarily during the entire test. At the same time, start the entire test system and execute a comprehensive self-test procedure to ensure that the force sensor, angle sensor, displacement measurement sensor and crack observation component are in normal working condition. This step eliminates potential error sources by calibrating the data acquisition unit to ensure that all data collected subsequently are accurate.

[0066] S02: Based on the completion of initialization and fixation, vertical loading is performed; a vertical force is applied to the test specimen 500 through the vertical loading device 300; in this step, the tester manipulates the vertical loading device 300 to apply a vertical force to the specimen to simulate the static load brought by the superstructure. At the same time, the load-bearing capacity of the test specimen 500 under the influence of gravity and the related deformation are detected.

[0067] S03: Based on the completion of vertical loading, horizontal loading is performed; horizontal force is applied to the test specimen 500 through the horizontal loading device 400; in this step, the horizontal loading device 400 is activated to apply horizontal load to the test specimen 500 to simulate the earthquake effect. This step evaluates the performance of the building component in terms of earthquake resistance by introducing lateral dynamic loads.

[0068] S04: Real-time monitoring and collection of displacement and force data of the test specimen 500, adjusting the loading amount of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440, and controlling the loading push plate 450 to always remain parallel to the surface of the test specimen 500; in this step, by real-time monitoring of the data stream, abnormal signs are identified. By setting a threshold, the loading is automatically suspended, the alarm is activated, and the standby state is entered.

[0069] S05: After the test is completed, the horizontal loading device 400 and the vertical loading device 300 are adjusted to the initial state in sequence. After the test is completed, the staff gradually restores the horizontal loading device 400 and the vertical loading device 300 to the starting position according to the established procedures to prepare for the next test. In addition, the system will also organize all the data of this test and store it in the database for later in-depth analysis and report preparation.

[0070] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components, characterized in that: include: A gantry (100); a test specimen (500) is placed below the gantry (100); A fixing device (200), the fixing device (200) being used to fix the test specimen (500) below the gantry (100); A vertical loading device (300), the upper end of which is connected to the gantry (100), and the lower end of which is capable of applying a vertical load to the upper end of the test specimen (500); A horizontal loading device (400), the horizontal loading device (400) is provided with a reaction wall (410), a horizontal loading frame (420), a first hydraulic cylinder (430), a second hydraulic cylinder (440) and a loading push plate (450); the reaction wall (410) is provided on one side of the gantry (100), the horizontal loading frame (420) and the reaction wall (410) are fixedly connected; the first hydraulic cylinder (430) and the horizontal loading frame (420) are fixedly connected, and the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (430) and the loading push plate (450) are rotatably connected; the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder (440) and the horizontal loading frame (420) are rotatably connected, and the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder (440) and the loading push plate (450) are rotatably connected, and one side of the loading push plate (450) abuts against the test specimen (500); A control center, the control center comprising a data acquisition unit and a controller, the data acquisition unit being used to acquire deformation generated by the test specimen (500), the data acquisition unit and the controller being connected by electrical signals; the controller being capable of controlling the actions of the first hydraulic cylinder (430) and the second hydraulic cylinder (440).

2. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal loading frame (420) comprises a first frame body (421) and a second frame body (422), a guide shaft (423) is provided on one side of the first frame body (421), the first frame body (421) is slidably connected to the second frame body (422) via the guide shaft (423), and an energy storage spring (424) is sleeved on the guide shaft (423).

3. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fine-tuning assembly (460) is arranged between the first frame (421) and the second frame (422), and the fine-tuning assembly (460) includes a first wedge block (461), a second wedge block (462) and a driving shaft (463); a sliding groove (464) is arranged on the second frame (422), and the second wedge block (462) is slidably arranged in the sliding groove (464); the driving shaft (463) and the second frame (422) are rotatably connected, and one end of the driving shaft (463) is threadedly connected to the second wedge block (462); the first wedge block (461) and the first frame (421) are fixedly connected; the first wedge block (461) abuts against the second wedge block (462).

4. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy storage spring (424) is a drum-shaped structure.

5. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal loading device (400) also includes a support assembly (470), and the support assembly (470) includes a support base (471), a support sleeve (472), a support rod (473) and a support spring (474); the support base (471) is fixedly connected to the gantry (100), and one end of the support sleeve (472) is rotatably connected to the support base (471); the other end of the support sleeve (472) is slidably connected to one end of the support rod (473), and the other end of the support rod (473) is rotatably connected to the first frame (421); the support spring (474) is sleeved on the support rod (473).

6. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing device (200) comprises a pressure beam (210) and a stopper (220); the pressure beam (210) is used to prevent the test specimen (500) from being displaced in the vertical direction; a plurality of the stoppers (220) are provided; the plurality of stoppers (220) respectively abut against the peripheral side surfaces of the lower end of the test specimen (500) to prevent the test specimen (500) from being displaced in the horizontal direction.

7. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 6, characterized in that: The limiter (220) comprises a limit base (221), a limit baffle (222), a first push rod (223) and a preload spring (224); the limit base (221) and the limit baffle (222) are slidably connected; the first push rod (223) and the limit base (221) are threadedly connected; one end of the first push rod (223) passes through the limit base (221) and is rotatably connected to the limit baffle (222); and the preload spring (224) is sleeved on the first push rod (223).

8. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical loading device (300) comprises an adjustment frame (310), a lifting base (320), a first support frame (330), a second support frame (340), a hydraulic jack (350) and a loading box beam (360); the adjustment frame (310) and the gantry (100) are slidably connected, the lifting base (320) is provided with a second push rod (321), the second push rod (321) is provided with a return spring (322), and the second push rod (321) and the adjustment frame (310) are slidably connected; the first support frame (330) and the second support frame (340) are rotatably connected, and the first support frame (330) and the second support frame (340) are rotatably connected. One end of the first support frame (330) is rotatably connected to the lifting base (320), and the other end of the first support frame (330) is rotatably connected to the loading box beam (360); one end of the second support frame (340) is slidably connected to the lifting base (320), and the other end of the second support frame (340) is slidably connected to the loading box beam (360); one end of the hydraulic jack (350) is rotatably connected to the lifting base (320), and the other end of the hydraulic jack (350) is rotatably connected to the first support frame (330), and the loading box beam (360) abuts against the upper end of the test specimen (500).

9. The vibration test system for prefabricated and assembled building components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit includes a force sensor, an angle sensor, a displacement measurement sensor and a crack observation component.

10. A control method for a vibration test system of a prefabricated and assembled building component according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The control method comprises the following steps: S01: Initializing fixation; fixing the test specimen (500) below the gantry (100) via the fixing device (200), and confirming a measurement reference line; S02: upon completion of the initialization fixation, vertical loading is performed; a vertical force is applied to the test specimen (500) by the vertical loading device (300); S03: upon completion of vertical loading, horizontal loading is performed; a horizontal force is applied to the test specimen (500) through the horizontal loading device (400); S04: real-time monitoring and collection of displacement and force data of the test specimen (500), adjusting the loading amounts of the first hydraulic cylinder (430) and the second hydraulic cylinder (440), and controlling the loading push plate (450) to always remain parallel to the surface of the test specimen (500); S05: After the test is completed, the horizontal loading device (400) and the vertical loading device (300) are adjusted in sequence to enter the initial state.

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