Cultivation method for improving photosynthetic efficiency of grapes in hot area

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving photosynthetic efficiency of grapes in a hot area, the method comprises medicament regulation and control, light environment management and water and fertilizer management.According to the method, opening and closing of pores are regulated and controlled through a regulation and control agent, a light system II (PSII) is protected, oxidation resistance is enhanced, meanwhile, light environment optimization and water and fertilizer management technologies are combined, and the photosynthetic efficiency of the grapes in the hot area is improved. A set of efficient cultivation system suitable for hot-area grapes is formed, and the method has important application value.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grape physiological regulation and cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of grapes in hot zones. [Background technology]

[0002] Grape is a fruit that is grown by many farmers in my country. It has the characteristics of wide adaptability and high economic benefits. The area of ​​grape cultivation in my country has been expanding in recent years. Under the cultivation conditions in hot areas, high temperature stress is an important problem facing grape production. High temperature can cause the stomata of grape leaves to close, damage to photosystem II (PSII), and decrease the activity of photosynthetic enzymes, which will significantly reduce the photosynthesis efficiency (Pn), and ultimately lead to a decrease in fruit yield and quality. Although existing measures such as shade net covering and cooling spray can alleviate high temperature stress to a certain extent, their effects are limited, and they cannot solve the problem of decreased photosynthesis from the internal mechanism of the plant. In addition, most of the existing regulator products on the market are single ingredients, and fail to give full play to the comprehensive improvement effect of the synergistic effect of multiple ingredients on photosynthesis.

[0003] Therefore, developing a systematic approach that combines multiple regulator formulations, precise application methods, and comprehensive cultivation management has important application value. [Summary of the invention]

[0004] In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of tropical grapes, by regulating the opening and closing of stomata, protecting photosystem II (PSII), and enhancing antioxidant capacity through regulating agents, and at the same time combining light environment optimization with water and fertilizer management technology to form a set of efficient cultivation system suitable for tropical grapes, which has important application value.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of grapes in hot zones, the method comprising drug regulation, light environment management and water and fertilizer management; wherein the drug regulation is to apply a regulator to the grape plants, the regulator comprising the following ingredients: γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and amino acid phosphorus and potassium.

[0007] Furthermore, the regulating agent comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of γ-aminobutyric acid, 10-15 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1-3 parts of salicylic acid, 2-6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 3-9 parts of amino acid potassium.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the regulating agent is as follows: gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and amino acid potassium are respectively prepared into solutions, and the obtained solutions are fully mixed to obtain the regulating agent.

[0009] Furthermore, the γ-aminobutyric acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 200-300 mg / L, the 5-aminolevulinic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 15-45 mg / L, the salicylic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 1-1.5 mg / L, the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3 mg / L, and the amino acid phosphate potassium is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.5-1 mg / L.

[0010] Furthermore, the drug regulation includes spraying the regulating agent once every 7 days until the front and back sides of the leaves are moistened.

[0011] Furthermore, the light environment management includes: installing a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 50-60% in hot weather (maximum temperature reaches above 35°C) so that the sunshade net covers the surface of the grape rack; in extremely high temperature periods, that is, when the maximum ambient temperature reaches 37 degrees Celsius or above and lasts for more than 3 days, spraying water mist on the leaves at intervals of 2-3 hours to reduce the leaf temperature.

[0012] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer management includes: 1) water management: real-time monitoring of drip irrigation frequency through soil moisture sensors to maintain the soil moisture content in the root zone between 65-80%; 2) nutrient supply: liquid fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation, and the applied liquid fertilizer includes 1g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g / L calcium glycoside to enhance carbon metabolism and fruit quality.

[0013] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0014] In order to solve the problem that the photosynthetic efficiency of tropical grapes is reduced due to high temperature stress, the applicant proposes a cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of tropical grapes by using drug regulation as the main means. In the process of drug regulation, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-ALA (5-aminolevulinic acid) are used as core regulators, and auxiliary components such as salicylic acid, oligochitosan, amino acid phosphorus and potassium are combined to form a regulator. The regulator is applied to the grape plants by spraying or drip irrigation, which can regulate the opening and closing of stomata, protect photosystem II (PSII), and enhance antioxidant capacity. In addition, the present application also combines light environment optimization and water and fertilizer management technology to set a sunshade net to cover the grape rack surface, reduce the intensity of direct light, and avoid light inhibition. In extremely high temperature periods, intermittent spraying is also performed to reduce the temperature of the leaves. In the process of water and fertilizer management, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1g / L) and sugar alcohol calcium (1g / L) are supplemented, which is conducive to enhancing carbon metabolism and improving fruit quality. The present application forms a set of efficient cultivation system suitable for tropical grapes, which has important application value and is worthy of promotion. [Specific implementation method]

[0015] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0016] Embodiment 1:

[0017] This embodiment is a cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of tropical grapes, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) Chemical regulation: applying a regulator to the grape plants, including foliar spraying and drip irrigation. The foliar spraying is performed once every 7 days for 3 consecutive times, until the front and back of the leaves are moist but not dripping. The drip irrigation is performed once every 7 days during the fruit swelling period or the high temperature period (the temperature reaches above 32°C for three consecutive days). The regulator comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 25 parts of γ-aminobutyric acid, 10 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1 part of salicylic acid, 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 3 parts of amino acid potassium; the formula of the regulator is: The preparation method is as follows: gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and amino acid phosphate potassium are respectively prepared into solutions, and the obtained solutions are fully mixed to obtain the regulating agent; the gamma-aminobutyric acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 200 mg / L, the 5-aminolevulinic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 15 mg / L, the salicylic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L, the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.1 mg / L, and the amino acid phosphate potassium is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.5 mg / L.

[0019] (2) Light environment management: In hot weather (maximum temperature reaches above 35°C), install a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 50% so that it covers the surface of the grape rack to reduce the intensity of direct light and avoid light suppression; in extremely hot periods, that is, when the maximum ambient temperature reaches 37°C or above and lasts for more than 3 days, spray water mist on the leaves every 2 hours to reduce the leaf temperature;

[0020] (3) Water and fertilizer management: 1) Water management: Real-time monitoring of drip irrigation frequency through soil moisture sensors to maintain the soil moisture content in the root zone between 65%; 2) Nutrient supply: Liquid fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation. The liquid fertilizer applied includes 1g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g / L calcium glycoside to enhance carbon metabolism and fruit quality.

[0021] Embodiment 2:

[0022] This embodiment is a cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of tropical grapes, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0023] (1) Chemical regulation: applying a regulator to the grape plants, including foliar spraying and drip irrigation. The foliar spraying is performed once every 7 days for 3 consecutive times, until the front and back of the leaves are moist but not dripping. The drip irrigation is performed once every 8 days during the fruit swelling period or the high temperature period (the temperature reaches above 32°C for three consecutive days). The regulator comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30 parts of γ-aminobutyric acid, 12 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2 parts of salicylic acid, 4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 6 parts of amino acid potassium; the preparation of the regulator The method is as follows: gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and amino acid phosphate potassium are respectively prepared into solutions, and the obtained solutions are fully mixed to obtain the regulating agent; the gamma-aminobutyric acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 250 mg / L, the 5-aminolevulinic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 30 mg / L, the salicylic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 1.2 mg / L, the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.2 mg / L, and the amino acid phosphate potassium is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.7 mg / L.

[0024] (2) Light environment management: In hot weather (maximum temperature reaches above 35°C), install a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 55% so that the sunshade net covers the surface of the grape rack to reduce the intensity of direct light and avoid light suppression; in extremely hot periods, that is, when the maximum ambient temperature reaches 37°C or above and lasts for more than 3 days, spray water mist on the leaves every 2.5 hours to reduce the leaf temperature;

[0025] (3) Water and fertilizer management: 1) Water management: Real-time monitoring of drip irrigation frequency through soil moisture sensors to maintain the soil moisture content in the root zone between 72%; 2) Nutrient supply: Liquid fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation. The liquid fertilizer applied includes 1g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g / L calcium glycoside to enhance carbon metabolism and fruit quality.

[0026] Embodiment 3:

[0027] This embodiment is a cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of tropical grapes, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) Chemical regulation: applying a regulator to the grape plants, including foliar spraying and drip irrigation. The foliar spraying is performed once every 7 days for 4 consecutive times, until the front and back of the leaves are moist but not dripping. The drip irrigation is performed once every 10 days during the fruit swelling period or the high temperature period (the temperature reaches above 32° C. for three consecutive days). The regulator comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 35 parts of γ-aminobutyric acid, 15 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 3 parts of salicylic acid, 6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 9 parts of amino acid potassium; the formula of the regulator is: The preparation method is as follows: gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and amino acid phosphate potassium are respectively prepared into solutions, and the obtained solutions are fully mixed to obtain the regulating agent; the gamma-aminobutyric acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 300 mg / L, the 5-aminolevulinic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 45 mg / L, the salicylic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 1.5 mg / L, the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.3 mg / L, and the amino acid phosphate potassium is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L.

[0029] (2) Light environment management: In hot weather (maximum temperature reaches above 35°C), install a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 60% so that it covers the surface of the grape rack to reduce the intensity of direct light and avoid light suppression; in extremely hot periods, that is, when the maximum ambient temperature reaches 37°C or above and lasts for more than 3 days, spray water mist on the leaves every 3 hours to reduce the leaf temperature;

[0030] (3) Water and fertilizer management: 1) Water management: Real-time monitoring of drip irrigation frequency through soil moisture sensors to maintain the soil moisture content in the root zone at 80%; 2) Nutrient supply: Liquid fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation. The liquid fertilizer applied includes 1g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g / L calcium glycoside to enhance carbon metabolism and fruit quality.

[0031] Test example:

[0032] In order to illustrate the practical value of the present application, the applicant used Sunshine Rose grapes as the test object in an environment above 35°C in a hot zone, sprayed the following groups of agents separately, and tested the effect of each group on improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the grapes. The test index was the net photosynthetic rate of the grapes. The net photosynthetic rate is the organic matter accumulated by the photosynthesis of the grape plants, which is the value of the total photosynthetic rate minus the respiration rate;

[0033] The groups are as follows:

[0034] Group 1: Cultivated by applying the regulator described in Example 2;

[0035] Group 2: Replace salicylic acid with fulvic acid, and the other methods are the same as those of Group 1;

[0036] Group 3: Chitosan oligosaccharide was replaced with sodium nitrophenolate, and other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0037] Group 4: The regulator was a solution obtained by diluting sugar alcohol calcium and magnesium 1000 times (Ca≥180g / L, Mg≥30g / L), and the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0038] Group 5: The regulator was a solution obtained by diluting γ-aminobutyric acid 1000 times, and the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0039] Group 6: The regulator is the solution obtained by diluting seaweed extract 1000 times (alginic acid ≥ 20%, organic matter ≥ 40%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 20%), and the other methods are the same as those of Group 1;

[0040] Group 7: The regulator was the solution obtained by diluting sugar alcohol zinc 1000 times (zinc ≥ 160 g / L), and the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0041] Group 8: blank control, the regulator was clean water.

[0042] Except for the different agents used, the other treatment methods of the above groups are the same, which is the cultivation method of Example 2; the effects of foliar spraying of the above regulators are recorded, as shown in Table 1:

[0043] Table 1 Spraying effect of each group of regulators

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] According to the results in Table 1, it can be seen that after treatment with the regulator of the present application, the net photosynthetic rate of grapes can be effectively improved. The regulator of the present application is applied to grape plants by spraying or drip irrigation, which can regulate the opening and closing of stomata, protect photosystem II (PSII), and enhance antioxidant capacity. It is particularly suitable for hot zone grape cultivation management under high temperature stress conditions.

[0047] The above examples only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of grapes in tropical areas, characterized in that: The method comprises drug regulation, light environment management and water and fertilizer management; wherein the drug regulation is to apply a regulator to the grape plants, and the regulator comprises the following ingredients: gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and amino acid phosphorus and potassium.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating agent comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 10-15 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1-3 parts of salicylic acid, 2-6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 3-9 parts of amino acid potassium.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the regulating agent is as follows: gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and amino acid potassium are respectively prepared into solutions, and the obtained solutions are fully mixed to obtain the regulating agent.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The γ-aminobutyric acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 200-300 mg / L, the 5-aminolevulinic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 15-45 mg / L, the salicylic acid is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 1-1.5 mg / L, the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3 mg / L, and the amino acid phosphate potassium is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.5-1 mg / L.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The drug regulation includes spraying the regulator once every 7 days until the front and back sides of the leaves are moistened.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The light environment management includes: installing a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 50-60% so that the sunshade net covers the surface of the grape rack; during high temperature periods, spraying water mist on the leaves at intervals of 2-3 hours to reduce the temperature of the leaves.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The water and fertilizer management includes: 1) water management: real-time monitoring of drip irrigation frequency through a soil moisture sensor to maintain the soil moisture content in the root zone between 65-80%; 2) nutrient supply: liquid fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation, and the applied liquid fertilizer includes 1g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g / L calcium glycoside.

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