GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low-elevation gain and efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation gain and efficiency, the GNSS PATCH antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a top metal sheet, a coaxial feeder line and a loading metal sheet, the top metal sheet is arranged at the top of the dielectric substrate, a first through hole is vertically and concavely formed in the middle of the dielectric substrate, the coaxial feeder line is arranged on the lower end wall of the first through hole, and the loading metal sheet is arranged on the lower end wall of the first through hole. The middle of the lower end wall of the top metal sheet is provided with a feed point, the coaxial feeder line is internally provided with a Pin needle, the Pin needle penetrates through the first through hole and is electrically connected with the feed point, the lower end wall of the dielectric substrate is provided with a reflection ground plane, the loading metal sheets are respectively arranged at four vertex angles of the dielectric substrate, each loading metal sheet is provided with two edge covering branches which are perpendicular to each other, and each edge covering branch is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole. The edge covering branches abut against the side walls of the dielectric substrate respectively, and the loading metal sheets are electrically connected with the reflection ground plane. According to the technical scheme, the low-elevation gain and efficiency can be improved, the size of the antenna is not increased, and the antenna is particularly suitable for being applied to miniaturized equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency. Background Art

[0002] GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antennas are used in global satellite positioning systems such as GPS / GLONASS / Galileo / Beidou, and are an important component of satellite navigation systems. Antennas include ceramic patch antennas, four-arm spiral antennas, dual-polarized PCB antennas, and various linearly polarized antennas, among which ceramic patch antennas are the most widely used.

[0003] GNSS PATCH antenna is an important component of the navigation system. It communicates with navigation satellites for precise positioning and information transmission and reception. Existing navigation antennas are single-frequency and multi-frequency. Most antennas only consider the performance at the zenith, while the performance such as low elevation gain and efficiency is poor, the physical stability is general, and the use effect is not good. Conventional antennas can improve the gain and efficiency of each elevation angle of the antenna by increasing the volume of the antenna. The disadvantage is that the volume increases, and some miniaturized applications are not applicable.

[0004] like Figure 1 As shown, a conventional GNSS PATCH antenna is a dielectric substrate (ceramic or PCB, etc.) covered with a layer of metal, which is fed by a Pin needle. The required antenna frequency is resonated through the position offset of the Pin needle and the cut angle of the metal surface. The gain and efficiency of such an antenna are the largest at the zenith (90-degree elevation angle), and the smaller the elevation angle, the worse the gain and efficiency. At the same time, during the actual satellite search process, satellite signals at various elevation angles will enter the antenna, resulting in poor signals at low elevation angles. In addition, if the device is tilted during actual use, the satellite search effect will be deteriorated, or even the signal will be lost.

[0005] Based on the performance problem of conventional GNSS PATCH antennas at low elevation angles, the present invention proposes a GNSS PATCH antenna that can improve low elevation angle gain and efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a GNSS PATCH antenna that can improve low elevation angle gain and efficiency, aiming to solve the technical problems that the existing GNSS PATCH antenna only considers the zenith performance, but has poor performance such as low elevation angle gain and efficiency, general physical stability, and poor use effect.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a GNSS PATCH antenna that can improve low-elevation-angle gain and efficiency, comprising a dielectric substrate, a top metal sheet, a coaxial feed line and a loading metal sheet, wherein the top metal sheet is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate, a first through hole is vertically recessed in the middle of the dielectric substrate, the coaxial feed line is arranged on the lower end wall of the first through hole, a feeding point is arranged in the middle of the lower end wall of the top metal sheet, a Pin needle is arranged in the coaxial feed line, the Pin needle is passed through the coaxial feed line and the first through hole, and is electrically connected to the feeding point, a reflecting ground plane is arranged on the lower end wall of the dielectric substrate, the loading metal sheets are respectively arranged at the four top corners of the dielectric substrate, the loading metal sheet is provided with two mutually perpendicular edging branches, the edging branches are respectively abutted against the side walls of the dielectric substrate, and the loading metal sheets are all electrically connected to the reflecting ground plane.

[0008] Optionally, it also includes a GND Pin needle, a connecting piece is provided at the upper end of the connection between the two hemming branches, and a second through hole is vertically recessed at the four top corners of the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrates are respectively embedded in the second through holes, and the upper end of the GND Pin needle is electrically connected to the connecting piece, and the lower end of the GND Pin needle is electrically connected to the reflective ground plane, and the loading metal sheet is electrically connected to the reflective ground plane through the connecting piece and the GND Pin needle.

[0009] Optionally, the shape of the edging branches is strip-shaped, polygonal or arc-shaped.

[0010] Optionally, the loading metal sheet is fixedly connected to the dielectric substrate by adhesive or laser or electroplating.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the technical solution of the present invention, on the basis of a conventional GNSS PATCH antenna, adds a loading metal sheet surrounding the antenna, and electrically connects the upper surface of the loading metal sheet to the reflective ground plane on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate through a GND Pin. Through this structural change, the zenith gain and efficiency of the GNSS PATCH antenna remain basically unchanged, and the gain and efficiency at low elevation angles are effectively improved. The present invention can improve the low elevation angle gain and efficiency without increasing the volume of the antenna, and is particularly suitable for applications in miniaturized equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a conventional GNSS PATCH antenna; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure from another perspective of a GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the decomposed structure of a GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the simulated gain diagram of a conventional GNSS PATCH antenna; Figure 6 A simulated gain diagram of a GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0017] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides a GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency.

[0019] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the GNSSPATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency comprises a dielectric substrate 101, a top metal sheet 102, a coaxial feed line 103 and a loading metal sheet 105, the top metal sheet 102 is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate 101, a first through hole 1011 is vertically recessed in the middle of the dielectric substrate 101, the coaxial feed line 103 is arranged on the lower end wall of the first through hole 1011, and a feeding point (not shown) is arranged in the middle of the lower end wall of the top metal sheet 102. ), a Pin needle 104 is provided in the coaxial feeding line 103, the Pin needle 104 is inserted into the first through hole 1011 and is electrically connected to the feeding point, a reflecting ground plane 1012 is provided on the lower end wall of the dielectric substrate 101, and a loading metal sheet 105 is respectively arranged at the four vertex corners of the dielectric substrate 101, and the loading metal sheet 105 is provided with two mutually perpendicular edge branches 1051, the edge branches 1051 are respectively abutted against the side walls of the dielectric substrate 101, and the loading metal sheets 105 are all electrically connected to the reflecting ground plane 1012.

[0020] Specifically, it also includes a GND Pin needle 106, a connecting piece 1052 is provided at the upper end of the connection of the two edge branches 1051, and a second through hole 1013 is vertically recessed at the four vertex corners of the dielectric substrate 101, which is respectively embedded in the second through hole 1013, and the upper end of the GND Pin needle 106 is electrically connected to the connecting piece 1052, and the lower end of the GND Pin needle 106 is electrically connected to the reflective ground plane 1012, and the loading metal sheet 105 is electrically connected to the reflective ground plane 1012 through the connecting piece 1052 and the GND Pin needle 106, forming a complete loading system. However, the grounding form and shape of the loading metal sheet of the present invention can be implemented in a variety of ways (such as Pin needles, vias, probes, etc.), and the two edge branches can be implemented by spraying, laser, pasting, etc.

[0021] Specifically, the shape of the edging branch 1051 is strip-shaped, polygonal, or arc-shaped.

[0022] Specifically, the loading metal sheet 105 is fixedly connected to the dielectric substrate 101 by adhesive or laser or electroplating.

[0023] Specifically, Figure 1As shown, a conventional antenna is a dielectric substrate (ceramic or PCB, etc.) covered with a layer of metal, which is fed by a Pin needle. The required antenna frequency is resonated through the position offset of the Pin needle and the cutting angle of the metal surface. The gain and efficiency of such an antenna are the largest at the zenith (90-degree elevation angle), and the smaller the elevation angle, the worse the gain and efficiency. At the same time, during the actual satellite search process, satellite signals at various elevation angles will enter the antenna, resulting in poor signals at low elevation angles. In addition, if the device is tilted during actual use, the satellite search effect will be deteriorated, or even the signal will be lost.

[0024] Specifically, the present invention adds a loading metal sheet surrounding the antenna on the basis of a conventional GNSS PATCH antenna, and electrically connects the upper surface of the loading metal sheet to the reflective ground plane on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate through a GND Pin. Through this structural change, the zenith gain and efficiency of the GNSS PATCH antenna remain basically unchanged, and the gain and efficiency at low elevation angles are effectively improved.

[0025] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 From the simulation results, it can be seen that the GNSS PATCH antenna proposed in the present invention can improve the gain and efficiency at low elevation angles. The high elevation angle is basically unaffected, and the lower the elevation angle, the better the effect. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1 Gain comparison between conventional GNSS PATCH antenna and the present invention Elevation / Theta 90° / 0° 60° / -30° 30° / -60° 0° / -90° Conventional GNSS PATCH Antenna 5.54 3.74 -0.63 -5.76 The present invention 5.39 4.00 0.55 -3.29 Before and After -0.15 0.36 1.18 2.47 Conventional GNSS PATCH antennas improve the gain and efficiency of the antenna at all elevation angles by increasing the volume of the antenna. However, the disadvantage is that the volume increases, which makes it unsuitable for some miniaturized applications. The present invention improves the gain and efficiency at low elevation angles without increasing the volume of the GNSS PATCH antenna, and is particularly suitable for miniaturized device applications.

[0027] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation gain and efficiency, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate, a top metal sheet, a coaxial feed line and a loading metal sheet, wherein the top metal sheet is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate, a first through hole is vertically recessed in the middle of the dielectric substrate, the coaxial feed line is arranged on the lower end wall of the first through hole, a feeding point is arranged in the middle of the lower end wall of the top metal sheet, a pin is arranged in the coaxial feed line, the pin is passed through the first through hole and is electrically connected to the feeding point, a reflecting ground plane is arranged on the lower end wall of the dielectric substrate, the loading metal sheets are respectively arranged at the four top corners of the dielectric substrate, the loading metal sheets are provided with two mutually perpendicular edging branches, the edging branches are respectively abutted against the side walls of the dielectric substrate, and the loading metal sheets are all electrically connected to the reflecting ground plane.

2. The GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a GND Pin needle, a connecting piece is provided at the upper end of the connection between the two hemming branches, and a second through hole is vertically recessed at the four top corners of the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrates are respectively embedded in the second through holes, and the upper end of the GND Pin needle is electrically connected to the connecting piece, the lower end of the GND Pin needle is electrically connected to the reflective ground plane, and the loading metal sheet is electrically connected to the reflective ground plane through the connecting piece and the GND Pin needle.

3. The GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the edge-wrapped branches is strip-shaped, polygonal or arc-shaped.

4. The GNSS PATCH antenna capable of improving low elevation angle gain and efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading metal sheet is fixedly connected to the dielectric substrate by adhesive, laser or electroplating.

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