The invention discloses a yield-increasing water retention fertilizer special for hickory nuts. The fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 50-150 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of steel slag, 5-15 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 3-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium cyanamide, 3-10 parts of calcium sulfate, 1-10 parts of calcium oxide, 4-8 parts of microelements, 0.1-1 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 0.3-1.5 parts of vermiculite powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of bentonite, 5-15 parts of ardealite, 0.05-0.3 part of malic acid, 0.1-0.5 part of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 0.5-3 parts of glucose, 2-5 parts of sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, 2-5 parts of rare-earth salt and 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent. The yield-increasing water retention fertilizer special for the hickory nuts is reasonable in formula, comprehensive and balanced in nutrition, high in water retaining ability and capable of increasing the yield of the hickory nuts, improving quality and improving physical and chemical properties of soil.