Nozzle structure and nuclear reactor

Abstract

The invention provides a nozzle structure and a nuclear reactor, the nozzle structure is suitable for injecting a coolant into a pressure vessel of the nuclear reactor, the nozzle structure comprises an external structure, the external structure comprises a plurality of base structures, and each base structure comprises a base inclined part and a base baffle connected with the base inclined part; the internal structure is located in the external structure and comprises a plurality of solid areas connected in sequence, each solid area comprises a middle section and side wings located on the two sides of the middle section, and the distance between the edge of each side wing and the middle section is gradually increased in the first direction; the flow channel is located between the inner wall of the outer structure and the outer wall of the inner structure, and the coolant is suitable for flowing through the flow channel. The nozzle structure and the nuclear reactor provided by the invention can adjust the resistance of the coolant flowing into or out of the nuclear reactor, and improve the resistance adjusting effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application mainly relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a nozzle structure and a nuclear reactor. Background Art

[0002] The direct pressure vessel injection (DVI) nozzle of the passive core cooling system (PXS) is located on the reactor pressure vessel and is connected to the core water tank outlet, injection tank outlet, IRWST and recirculation channel outlet pipeline. Under test and accident conditions, the coolant is injected into the reactor pressure vessel through the DVI nozzle. As a part of the passive flow channel, its resistance characteristics must meet certain requirements. The resistance of the forward flow into the reactor should be as small as possible, and in order to prevent the reactor from losing too much coolant under accident conditions, the resistance of the reverse flow out of the reactor should be as large as possible. At present, the main structure used in engineering is the Venturi tube structure, which uses a neck to limit the flow out of the reactor, but the forward resistance and reverse resistance of the structure are relatively close, and the effect of resistance adjustment is not very good. Therefore, a new DVI nozzle structure that reduces the forward flow resistance and increases the reverse resistance is designed. While limiting the outflow flow in the event of a reactor accident, it can reduce the flow resistance of the coolant flowing into the reactor pressure vessel in the forward flow. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a nozzle structure and a nuclear reactor, which can adjust the resistance of coolant flowing into or out of the nuclear reactor and improve the resistance adjustment effect.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a nozzle structure suitable for injecting coolant into a pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor, comprising: an external structure, wherein the external structure comprises a plurality of basic structures, each of the basic structures comprises a basic inclined portion and a basic baffle connected to the basic inclined portion; an internal structure, wherein the internal structure is located within the external structure, and comprises a plurality of solid regions connected in sequence, each of the solid regions comprises a middle section and side wings located on both sides of the middle section, and the distance between the edge of the side wing and the middle section gradually increases in a first direction; a flow channel, wherein the flow channel is located between the inner wall of the external structure and the outer wall of the internal structure, and the coolant is suitable for flowing through the flow channel.

[0005] Optionally, the base baffle is arc-shaped.

[0006] Optionally, a plurality of the base structures are connected in sequence, wherein the base inclined portion of a preceding base structure is connected to the base baffle of a succeeding base structure.

[0007] Optionally, the external structure is coaxially arranged with the internal structure.

[0008] Optionally, the side wing includes a side wing inclined portion and a side wing baffle.

[0009] Optionally, the flank inclined portions and the base inclined portions are arranged alternately.

[0010] Optionally, a plurality of the base structures are arranged relative to each other.

[0011] Optionally, the external structure further includes a front end and a rear end, wherein the inner diameter of the front end is smaller than the inner diameter of the rear end.

[0012] Optionally, the internal structure further includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is a cylindrical structure and the second end is a truncated cone structure.

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a nuclear reactor, including a pressure vessel, wherein the nuclear reactor is suitable for injecting coolant into the pressure vessel through the nozzle structure as described above.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application arranges multiple basic structures on the external structure of the nozzle structure, arranges multiple solid areas on the internal structure, and arranges the flow channel between the external structure and the internal structure, so that the resistance of the coolant flowing in the flow channel is reduced when flowing along a first direction, and the resistance of the coolant is increased when flowing in a direction opposite to the first direction, thereby achieving the adjustment of the resistance of the coolant flowing into or out of the nuclear reactor and improving the resistance adjustment effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application. They are included and constitute a part of the present application. The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the present application and together with the present specification serve to explain the principles of the present application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a nozzle structure in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some examples or embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, the present application can also be applied to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without creative work. Unless it is obvious from the language environment or otherwise explained, the same reference numerals in the figures represent the same structure or operation.

[0018] As shown in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates an exception, the words "a", "an", "an" and / or "the" do not refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "include" and "comprise" only indicate the inclusion of the steps and elements that have been clearly identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. The method or device may also include other steps or elements.

[0019] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so that once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0020] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0021] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0022] In addition, it should be noted that the use of words such as "first" and "second" to define components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above words have no special meaning and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application. In addition, although the terms used in this application are selected from well-known and commonly used terms, some terms mentioned in the specification of this application may be selected by the applicant at his or her discretion, and their detailed meanings are explained in the relevant parts of the description of this article. In addition, it is required to understand this application not only by the actual terms used, but also by the meaning implied by each term.

[0023] It should be understood that when a component is referred to as being "on another component," "connected to another component," "coupled to another component," or "contacting another component," it may be directly on, connected to, coupled to, or contacting the other component, or there may be intervening components. In contrast, when a component is referred to as being "directly on another component," "directly connected to," "directly coupled to," or "directly contacting" another component, there are no intervening components. Similarly, when a first component is referred to as being "electrically in contact with" or "electrically coupled to" a second component, there is an electrical path between the first component and the second component that allows current to flow. The electrical path may include capacitors, coupled inductors, and / or other components that allow current to flow, even without direct contact between conductive components.

[0024] This application refers to Figure 1 A nozzle structure 10 is proposed. The nozzle structure 10 is suitable for injecting coolant into a pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor. The nozzle structure 10 mainly includes an external structure 11, an internal structure 12 and a flow channel 13.

[0025] Specifically, the external structure 11 includes a plurality of basic structures 14, each of which includes a basic inclined portion 15 and a basic baffle 16 connected to the basic inclined portion 15. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the basic baffle is in the shape of an arc. The plurality of basic structures 14 are connected in sequence, wherein the basic inclined portion 15 of the previous basic structure 14 is connected to the basic baffle 16 of the next basic structure 14. In the nozzle structure 10, the plurality of basic structures 14 of the external structure 11 are arranged relatively, and in this embodiment, the plurality of basic structures 14 are symmetrically arranged along the central axis O of the external structure 11. In other embodiments of the present application, the basic baffle 16 can also be set to other shapes, and the present application does not limit this.

[0026] Further, the internal structure 12 is located inside the external structure 11, and the internal structure 12 includes a plurality of solid regions 17 connected in sequence, each solid region 17 includes a middle section 18 and side wings 19 located on both sides of the middle section, and the distance between the edge of the side wing 19 and the middle section 18 gradually increases in the first direction X, wherein the side wing 19 includes a side wing inclined portion 191 and a side wing baffle 192. Exemplarily, the first direction X is the forward direction, that is, the direction in which the coolant flows into the pressure vessel.

[0027] In this embodiment, the external structure 11 and the internal structure 12 are coaxially arranged. In this embodiment, the central axes of the external structure 11 and the internal structure 12 are both the central axis O. Further, the flank inclined portions 191 of the internal structure 12 and the base inclined portions 15 of the external structure 11 are staggered.

[0028] On the other hand, the external structure 11 further includes a front end 21 and a rear end 22, wherein the inner diameter of the front end 21 is smaller than the inner diameter of the rear end 22, and the internal structure 12 further includes a first end 23 and a second end 24, wherein the first end 23 is a cylindrical structure and the second end 24 is a truncated cone structure. In other embodiments of the present application, the structures of the first end 23 and the second end 24 can also be set to different structures according to the actual needs, and the present application does not limit this.

[0029] Further, the nozzle structure 10 also includes a flow channel 13, which is located between the inner wall of the outer structure 11 and the outer wall of the inner structure 12, and the coolant is suitable for flowing through the flow channel 13. Through the staggered arrangement of the side wing inclined portion 191 of the inner structure 12 and the base inclined portion 15 of the outer structure 11, the coolant in the flow channel 13 can flow smoothly along the staggered inclined surface when flowing along the first direction X, so that the flow resistance of the coolant when flowing along the first direction X can be small. When the coolant flows in the direction opposite to the first direction X, the arc-shaped structure of the base baffle 16 and the side wing baffle 192 can cause the coolant to generate vortex when flowing, and collide with the incoming flow during the flow of the coolant, thereby generating a large flow resistance. Through the arrangement of the above structure, the pressure drop of the coolant when flowing along the first direction X is much smaller than the pressure drop of the coolant when flowing in the direction opposite to the first direction X, so that the nozzle structure 10 can adjust the coolant resistance, and the flow rate when flowing out through the nozzle structure 10 during a reactor accident can be limited.

[0030] On the other hand, the present application further proposes a nuclear reactor, including a pressure vessel, wherein the nuclear reactor is suitable for injecting coolant into the pressure vessel through a nozzle structure (such as the above-mentioned nozzle structure 10) proposed in any embodiment of the present application.

[0031] The present application arranges multiple basic structures on the external structure of the nozzle structure, arranges multiple solid areas on the internal structure, and arranges the flow channel between the external structure and the internal structure, so that the resistance of the coolant flowing in the flow channel is reduced when flowing along a first direction, and the resistance of the coolant is increased when flowing in a direction opposite to the first direction, thereby adjusting the resistance of the coolant flowing into or out of the nuclear reactor and improving the resistance adjustment effect.

[0032] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the above application disclosure is only an example and does not constitute a limitation of the present application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements and amendments to the present application. Such modifications, improvements and amendments are suggested in the present application, so such modifications, improvements and amendments still belong to the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0033] At the same time, the present application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the present application. For example, "one embodiment", "an embodiment", and / or "some embodiments" refer to a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different positions in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, some features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application can be appropriately combined.

[0034] Some aspects of the present application may be performed entirely by hardware, entirely by software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or by a combination of hardware and software. The above hardware or software may be referred to as "data blocks", "modules", "engines", "units", "components" or "systems". The processor may be one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DAPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or combinations thereof. In addition, various aspects of the present application may be expressed as computer products located in one or more computer-readable media, which include computer-readable program codes. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, tapes ...), optical disks (e.g., compact disks CDs, digital versatile disks DVDs ...), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives ...).

[0035] A computer-readable medium may include a propagated data signal containing computer program code, such as in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. The propagated signal may have a variety of manifestations, including electromagnetic, optical, etc., or a suitable combination. A computer-readable medium may be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which may be connected to an instruction execution system, device or apparatus to communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use. The program code on the computer-readable medium may be propagated via any suitable medium, including radio, cable, fiber optic cable, radio frequency signal, or similar medium, or any combination of the above mediums.

[0036] Similarly, it should be noted that in order to simplify the description of the disclosure of this application and thus help understand one or more application embodiments, in the above description of the embodiments of this application, multiple features are sometimes merged into one embodiment, figure or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not mean that the features required by the object of this application are more than the features mentioned in the claims. In fact, the features of the embodiments are less than all the features of the single embodiment disclosed above.

[0037] In some embodiments, numbers describing the number of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of the embodiments are modified by the modifiers "about", "approximately" or "substantially" in some examples. Unless otherwise specified, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicate that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may change according to the required features of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and adopt the general method of retaining digits. Although the numerical domains and parameters used to confirm the breadth of their range in some embodiments of the present application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, the setting of such numerical values ​​is as accurate as possible within the feasible range.

[0038] Although the present application has been described with reference to the current specific embodiments, ordinary technicians in this technical field should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application, and various equivalent changes or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the present application. Therefore, as long as the changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the essential spirit of the present application, they will fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A nozzle structure suitable for injecting coolant into a pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor, characterized in that: include: An external structure, wherein the external structure comprises a plurality of basic structures, each of the basic structures comprises a basic inclined portion and a basic baffle connected to the basic inclined portion; An internal structure, the internal structure is located inside the external structure, and includes a plurality of solid regions connected in sequence, each of the solid regions includes a middle section and side wings located on both sides of the middle section, and the distance between the edge of the side wing and the middle section gradually increases in a first direction; A flow channel is located between the inner wall of the outer structure and the outer wall of the inner structure, and the coolant is suitable for flowing through the flow channel.

2. The nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic baffle is in an arc shape.

3. The nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the foundation structures are connected in sequence, wherein the foundation inclined portion of a preceding foundation structure is connected to the foundation baffle of a succeeding foundation structure.

4. The nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external structure is coaxially arranged with the internal structure.

5. The nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wing comprises a side wing inclined portion and a side wing baffle.

6. The nozzle structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flank inclined portions and the base inclined portions are arranged alternately.

7. The nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the basic structures are arranged relative to each other.

8. The nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer structure further comprises a front end and a rear end, wherein an inner diameter of the front end is smaller than an inner diameter of the rear end.

9. The nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal structure further includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is a cylindrical structure and the second end is a truncated cone structure.

10. A nuclear reactor, characterized in that: The nuclear reactor comprises a pressure vessel, wherein the nuclear reactor is suitable for injecting coolant into the pressure vessel through the nozzle structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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