Establishment method of efficient rock breaking drill bit model selection model
By combining statistical analysis of drill bit usage and acoustic time difference logging data, a drill bit drillability calculation model is established, and a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed using principal component analysis method, the problem of insufficient adaptability of drill bit selection is solved, and drilling efficiency and cost is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311216919.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
AI Technical Summary
When the existing drill bit selection method faces areas with large formation changes or uneven lithologic properties, the drill bit is insufficient adaptability, resulting in increased drill bit wear, short service life, and low mechanical drilling speed during the drilling process, which increases drilling costs and risks.
Through statistical analysis of the use of drill bits during the drilling process of the target block, a rock drillability model of the PDC drill bit was established, and a drilling ability calculation model was constructed using the acoustic time difference logging data and core drillability experimental results. Combined with the principal component analysis method, comprehensive evaluation indicators are constructed and drill bit selection models are optimized to improve drilling efficiency and wellbore quality.
It realizes the targeted and effective drilling speed, reduces the comprehensive drilling cost, extends the service life of the drilling bit, and improves the quality and production time rate of the wellbore.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield drilling engineering, and relates to a method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model, and specifically relates to a method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model for drilling in a development block. Background Art
[0002] The drill bit is the main component of drilling equipment, and its main function is to break rocks and form wellbores. The rotary drill bit is currently commonly used in the oil industry. Driven by the machine, the rotary drill bit will rotate, thereby driving the entire drill bit to produce centripetal movement, and through cutting and grinding, the rock will crack and break, playing the role of drilling downwards. The drill bit is one of the main drilling equipment. Depending on the working environment and regional environment, the specifications and shapes of the drill bit should also be different. When conducting oil drilling work, the drill bit should be reasonably and scientifically selected based on specific needs and specific design plans. In specific drilling work, scientifically selecting drill bits and reasonably determining drilling fluids can improve the work efficiency and work quality of oil drilling, so that oil drilling can better play its own value and make certain contributions to promoting the development of the oil industry.
[0003] The drill bit is the main tool for breaking rocks during the drilling process. The wellbore is formed by the drill bit breaking rocks. The quality of a wellbore and the length of time it takes to form it are related not only to the characteristics of the rock formation being drilled and the performance of the drill bit itself, but also to the degree of mutual matching between the drill bit and the formation. The reasonable selection of the drill bit plays an important role in increasing the drilling speed and reducing the overall drilling cost.
[0004] The drill bit is one of the important tools for oil drilling. Whether the drill bit is suitable for the rock properties and its quality plays a very important role in the selection of drilling technology, especially has a huge impact on drilling quality, drilling speed and drilling cost. The present invention proposes a method for establishing a drill bit selection model, which provides a design basis for block drilling, has important guiding significance for the overall effect and cost control of drilling engineering, and belongs to the field of drilling engineering technology.
[0005] When drilling, choosing the right drill bit is a critical step. Different types of drill bits are suitable for different types of formations. If the wrong drill bit is chosen, it may lead to a series of problems such as slow well depth progress and increased drill bit wear. The current principles for selecting drill bits are: (1) Select the appropriate drill bit type based on formation conditions, drilling methods, wellbore trajectory control requirements, wellbore size and geological requirements. (2) When multiple types of drill bits are suitable, choose a drill bit with high mechanical penetration rate, long life and good safety. (3) In soft to medium-hard formations, both PDC drill bits and roller drill bits can be used. If the formation is homogeneous, PDC drill bits should be used as much as possible. Because PDC drill bits have a high mechanical penetration rate and are safe and reliable. If the formation is broken, the hardness changes frequently, and there are many interlayers, a roller bit should be used. Because in such formations, PDC drill bits are prone to impact damage, which affects the use effect of the drill bit.
[0006] In the actual process of drill bit selection, due to insufficient analysis of basic data and a lack of understanding of the matching between the drill bit and the formation in the work area, the drill bit type is selected based on the formation rock drillability classification comparison table and the crushing effect of the drill bit on the rock. The current drill bit selection method has the following problems:
[0007] 1. The drill bit is not targeted enough. For work areas with large formation changes or formations with uneven lithology, the drill bit's adaptability often decreases quickly after encountering formation changes during the drilling process. The drill bit will develop mud packs or increase wear or even get stuck, resulting in a short service life and a low average mechanical drilling speed.
[0008] 2. The drill bit and the formation are not well matched, and the theoretical support is not in place. When the drill bit encounters a decrease in mechanical drilling speed or an increase in wear, it is impossible to replace the applicable drill bit in a targeted and timely manner, resulting in frequent replacement of the drill bit. The new drill bit is tested to determine the next drill bit with better effect, which prolongs the drilling cycle, increases costs, and even causes complex accidents resulting in personal injury and property losses. Summary of the invention
[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to complete the establishment of a drilling engineering drill bit selection model through a systematic research method such as a reasonable design of the research and analysis of the characteristics of the drilling engineering in the study area, the evaluation and analysis of the effects of the drill bits used in the study area, and the research on the rock crushing efficiency and crushing mechanism of the target formation, so as to play an important guiding role in improving the drilling engineering design. Ultimately, the purpose of increasing the drilling speed, achieving development requirements, and reducing the comprehensive drilling cost is achieved.
[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for establishing an efficient rock-breaking drill bit selection model, which is used to improve the establishment of the drill bit model and the determination of the construction plan, thereby improving the drilling efficiency and wellbore quality, reducing the drilling cost, and increasing the production time rate of new wells. The invention includes:
[0011] 1. According to the statistical analysis of the drill bit usage during the drilling process of the target block, the rock drillability model of the PDC drill bit obtained from the experimental data:
[0012] ① Standardize the drill bit usage data for each formation, remove incomplete data (drill bit model, footage, mechanical drilling speed, pure drilling time, etc.) or coring drill bits, and obtain the usage effect of each single drill bit;
[0013] ② Research on the crushing efficiency and crushing mechanism of target formation rocks;
[0014] ③ Analysis of the drillability of the target formation rock. Establish a drillability calculation model. It is difficult to establish the drillability grade of the entire drilling profile formation only by limited core drillability experiments. The present invention uses the sonic time difference logging data and the core drillability experiment results to establish a calculation model for predicting the rock drillability of PDC drill bits and roller drill bits using logging data. Perform a regression analysis on the logging data and the experimental core drillability grade. The grade value determined by the PDC drill bit and roller drill bit drillability experiment corresponds to the sonic time difference data, and the relationship between the drill bit drillability grade and the sonic time difference is calculated and regressed;
[0015] ④ Extreme drillability profile and formation hardness level. The rock drillability model of the PDC drill bit obtained by the above indoor experimental data is combined with the logging data to establish the rock drillability longitudinal profile of the PDC drill bit.
[0016] 2. Construct comprehensive evaluation indicators.
[0017] ①Use principal component analysis to reveal the relationship between drill bit variables and perform statistical interpretation. If there are n drill bits, there are m parameters (or indicators or attributes) that characterize each drill bit, such as drilling pressure, rotation speed, footage and displacement. These n×m drill bit data can be divided into two categories: a. Quantities that characterize the overall use effect of the drill bit, such as footage, drill bit life, mechanical drilling speed, unit footage cost, etc., which are called drill bit effect indicators; b. Quantities that characterize the overall use conditions of the drill bit, such as drilling pressure, rotation speed, displacement, pump pressure and stroke times, which are called drill bit condition indicators. Principal component analysis is a statistical method to solve the problem of converting the original multiple indicators into a few unrelated comprehensive indicators. It can achieve data simplification, and then reveal the relationship between variables and perform statistical interpretation, and provide some important information for further analysis of the overall nature and statistical characteristics of the data. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed.
[0018] ② The effect of the drill bit was analyzed and evaluated by principal component analysis. Based on the theory of principal component analysis, when the score is greater than 0, it means that the effect of the drill bit is positive, that is, the effect is good. The higher the score, the better the overall effect.
[0019] 3. Establishment of an efficient rock-breaking drill bit selection model. By comparing the drill bit footage and pure drilling time, the drill bit pure drilling time and mechanical drilling speed, and the drill bit footage and mechanical drilling speed. Size the drill bit, use the formation classification, comprehensively consider the drill bit parameters, and focus on the footage, pure drilling time and drilling speed. Compare the formation lithology analysis, establish the drill bit with the fastest mechanical drilling speed, the highest efficiency, and the most adaptable drill bit in each layer, and thus establish a drill bit selection model.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:
[0021] 1. Statistical analysis of drill bit usage during drilling in the target area and the rock drillability model of the PDC drill bit obtained from experimental data;
[0022] 2. Use principal component analysis to reveal the relationship between drill bit variables and perform statistical interpretation. This is a statistical method that solves the problem of converting multiple indicators into a few unrelated comprehensive indicators, which can achieve data simplification, reveal the relationship between variables and perform statistical interpretation, thereby constructing a comprehensive evaluation index;
[0023] 3. By comparing the drill bit footage and pure drilling time, the drill bit pure drilling time and mechanical drilling speed, and the drill bit footage and mechanical drilling speed, the drill bit is sized, the formation is classified, and the drill bit parameters are comprehensively considered, with a focus on footage, pure drilling time and drilling speed. By comparing the formation lithology analysis, the drill bit with the fastest mechanical drilling speed, the highest efficiency and the most adaptable performance in each layer is established, thereby establishing a drill bit selection model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
[0025] Attached Figure 1 The mechanical drilling speed and footage of the drill bit used in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Attached Figure 2 The mechanical drilling speed and drilling time of the drill bit used in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] Attached Figure 3 The average mechanical drilling speed and average footage of different drill bits in the implementation examples of the present invention;
[0028] Attached Figure 4 The average mechanical drilling speed and average drilling time of different drill bits in the implementation examples of the present invention;
[0029] Attached Figure 5 It is the drill bit data in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0030] Attached Figure 6 It is sample data in the implementation example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] In order to make the purpose, content, technical methods and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail and completely in conjunction with the drawings in the implementation examples of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] The invention is mainly aimed at the lack of basic analysis in the early stage of drilling, and the lack of pertinence and effectiveness in the selection of drill bits. If the design level is not in-depth enough, it will lead to a series of problems such as slow progress in well depth and increased wear of drill bits.
[0033] The present invention has studied in depth a method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model, which effectively solves the problem of drill bit selection. The present invention is implemented as follows:
[0034] 1. Statistical analysis of drill bit usage during drilling in the target area (attached Figure 1 , attached Figure 2 , attached Figure 3 , attached Figure 4 ), the rock drillability model of PDC drill bit obtained from experimental data:
[0035] ① Standardize the drill bit usage data for each formation, remove incomplete data (drill bit model, footage, mechanical drilling speed, pure drilling time, etc.) or coring drill bits, and obtain the usage effect of each single drill bit;
[0036] ② Research on the crushing efficiency and crushing mechanism of target formation rocks;
[0037] ③ Analysis of the drillability of the target formation rock. Establish a drillability calculation model. It is difficult to establish the drillability grade of the entire drilling profile formation only by limited core drillability experiments. The present invention uses the sonic time difference logging data and the core drillability experiment results to establish a calculation model for predicting the rock drillability of PDC drill bits and roller drill bits using logging data. Perform a regression analysis on the logging data and the experimental core drillability grade. The grade value determined by the PDC drill bit and roller drill bit drillability experiment corresponds to the sonic time difference data, and the relationship between the drill bit drillability grade and the sonic time difference is calculated and regressed;
[0038] ④ Extreme drillability profile and formation hardness level. The rock drillability model of the PDC drill bit obtained by the above indoor experimental data is combined with the logging data to establish the rock drillability longitudinal profile of the PDC drill bit.
[0039] 2. Construct comprehensive evaluation indicators.
[0040] ①Use the principal component analysis method to reveal the relationship between drill bit variables and perform statistical interpretation. If there are n drill bits, there are m parameters (or indicators or attributes) that characterize each drill bit, such as drilling pressure, rotation speed, footage and displacement, etc. These n×m drill bit data can be divided into two categories: a. Quantities that characterize the overall use effect of the drill bit, such as footage, drill bit life, mechanical drilling speed, unit footage cost, etc., which are called drill bit effect indicators; b. Quantities that characterize the overall use conditions of the drill bit, such as drilling pressure, rotation speed, displacement, pump pressure and stroke times, etc., which are called drill bit condition indicators (see Appendix). Figure 5 ). Principal component analysis is a statistical method to solve the problem of converting multiple indicators into a few independent comprehensive indicators. It can simplify data, reveal the relationship between variables and conduct statistical interpretation, and provide some important information for further analysis of the overall nature and statistical characteristics of data (Appendix Figure 6 ). Finally, a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed.
[0041] ② The effect of the drill bit was analyzed and evaluated by principal component analysis. Based on the theory of principal component analysis, when the score is greater than 0, it means that the effect of the drill bit is positive, that is, the effect is good. The higher the score, the better the overall effect.
[0042] 3. Establishment of an efficient rock-breaking drill bit selection model. By comparing the drill bit footage and pure drilling time, the drill bit pure drilling time and mechanical drilling speed, and the drill bit footage and mechanical drilling speed. Size the drill bit, use the formation classification, comprehensively consider the drill bit parameters, and focus on the footage, pure drilling time and drilling speed. Compare the formation lithology analysis, establish the drill bit with the fastest mechanical drilling speed, the highest efficiency, and the most adaptable drill bit in each layer, and thus establish a drill bit selection model.
[0043] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for establishing a high-efficiency rock breaking drill bit selection model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Based on the statistical analysis of the drill bit usage during the drilling process in the target block, the rock drillability model of the PDC drill bit obtained from the experimental data is as follows: (2) construct comprehensive evaluation indicators; (3) Establish a model for selecting efficient rock-breaking drill bits.
2. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method of step (1) is as follows: ① Standardize the drill bit usage data for each formation, remove the drill bits with incomplete data or core drill bits, and obtain the usage effect of each single drill bit; ② Research on the crushing efficiency and crushing mechanism of target formation rocks; ③Drillability analysis of target formation rock; ④ Extreme drillability profile and formation hardness level: The rock drillability model of the PDC drill bit obtained by the above-mentioned indoor experimental data is used to establish the rock drillability longitudinal profile of the PDC drill bit in combination with the logging data.
3. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The incomplete data include the lack of drill bit model, footage, mechanical drilling speed, and pure drilling time.
4. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The specific method of step ③ is: establish a calculation model for predicting the rock drillability of PDC drill bits and roller drill bits using logging data, perform regression analysis on the logging data and the experimental core drillability grade values, correspond the grade values determined by the PDC drill bit and roller drill bit drillability experiments to the sonic time difference data, and calculate and regress to obtain the relationship between the drill bit drillability grade value and the sonic time difference.
5. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step (2) comprises the following steps: ①Use principal component analysis to reveal the relationship between drill bit variables and provide statistical interpretation; ②The principal component analysis method was used to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the used drill bits.
6. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Step ① is specifically as follows: if there are n drill bits, there are m parameters characterizing each drill bit, and these n×m drill bit data can be divided into two categories: a. The quantity characterizing the overall use effect of the drill bit, which is called the drill bit effect index; b. The quantity characterizing the overall use condition of the drill bit, which is called the drill bit condition index.
7. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The drill bit effect indicators are footage, drill bit life, mechanical drilling speed, and unit footage cost.
8. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The drill bit condition indicators are drilling pressure, rotation speed, displacement, pump pressure and stroke times.
9. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step ② is specifically as follows: Based on the theory of principal component analysis, when the score is greater than 0, it means that the effect of using the drill bit is positive, that is, the effect is good. The higher the score, the better the overall effect.
10. The method for establishing a high-efficiency rock-breaking drill bit selection model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of step (3) is as follows: By comparing the drill bit footage and pure drilling time, the drill bit pure drilling time and mechanical drilling speed, the drill bit is sized, the formation is classified, the drill bit parameters are comprehensively considered, with emphasis on footage, pure drilling time and drilling speed, and compared with formation lithology analysis, the drill bit with the fastest mechanical drilling speed, highest efficiency, and greater adaptability for each layer is established, thereby establishing a drill bit selection model.